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Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home3/camilope/public_html/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/extensions/HeadScript/HeadScript.php:3) in /home3/camilope/public_html/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/includes/WebResponse.php on line 46 http://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=JuancamiloWolverhampton Light and Matter - User contributions [en]2025-03-15T02:47:58ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.31.1http://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=People&diff=1281People2021-03-04T16:34:58Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Dr. Juan Camilo López Carreño (Teaching Associate) */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Prof. Fabrice P. Laussy (Chair) ==<br />
[[File:picture-fabrice.jpeg|left|120px]]<br />
I am a French theoretical physicist, with an interest in most topics of physics and working more specifically in the fields of quantum optics, light-matter interactions, condensed matter and solid-state physics. I obtained my Ph.D in 2005 at the Université Blaise Pascal (in France) and gained extensive post-doctoral experience throughout Europe with stays in Sheffield (UK), Madrid (Spain), Southampton (UK) & Munich (Germany), the latter as a Marie Curie Fellow. In the period 2012—2016, I built a Research Group in Madrid, Spain, as a Ramón y Cajal fellow and with the support of the ERC starting grant POLAFLOW. In 2017, I took up a position at the University of Wolverhampton where I officiate as the Director of Study for Physics, setting on foot an ambitious Physics course for this vibrant University. I am currently the chair of Light and Matter interactions there.<br />
<br />
My proudest achievements in Science include a theory of Bose-Einstein condensation based on quantum Boltzmann master equations, the theory of frequency-resolved photon correlations and the study of its applications, including the proposal for a new type of light where photons are replaced by groups (or bundles) of $N$ photons for a tunable integer $N$, and the design of a device to generate it: the ''bundler''. Recently, I also contributed to the first demonstration of a genuine quantum character of polaritons (light-matter molecules). I am co-author of the popular textbook Microcavities. My immediate goals are to i) move forward quantum technologies based on our theoretical breakthroughs and ii) build a thriving Physics branch at the UoW to implement the noble mission of the University of bringing hand in hand research and teaching, as two facets of the same coin, that of knowledge. ''Non scholæ sed vitæ''.<br />
<br />
[https://goo.gl/yYRqJK web] - [mailto:fabrice.laussy@gmail.com mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2270'''<br />
<br />
== Dr. Elena del Valle (Senior Lecturer) ==<br />
<br />
[[File:Elena-del-Valle-2019.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
I am Senior Lecturer in Quantum Optics, a theorist with expertise in open quantum systems, photon correlations and frequency filtering, for which I developed the "sensor technique" which allows their exact calculation. My skills lie in analytical methods and mathematical methods and I have a passion for teaching and develop projects with students. I completed my PhD in the Departamento Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid in March 2009. My thesis was about light-matter interaction in 2D semiconductor microcavities and quantum dots embedded in microcavities. After that, I had the great pleasure of living in the UK for a couple of years (March 2011-2013) after being awarded a Newton International Fellowship at the University of Southampton in the group of Prof. Alexey Kavokin. Between the summers 2011 and 2013, I enjoyed a Humboldt Research Fellowship for Postdoctoral Researchers and worked at the Technische Universität München (Germany) with Prof. Michael Hartmann. During 2014, I had a Marie Curie (IEF-Fellowship for career development) at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. My project was called SQUIRREL (Sensing QUantum Information coRRELations). I then became a Ramon y Cajal tenured fellow at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid until July 2019 where I joined the WLM.<br />
<br />
[mailto:e.delvalle@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2458'''<br />
<br />
== Dr. Anton Nalitov (Lecturer) ==<br />
<br />
[[File:AntonNalitov.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
I am a lecturer in condensed matter physics and a theoretical physicist working mostly in the field of polaritonics, where we study new exciting properties of liquid light. I am particularly focused on topological, nonlinear and non-Hermitian properties of polariton physics. I did my PhD in Clermont-Ferrand, France, and later continued my research as a postdoc in Southampton, UK, St Petersburg, Russia, where I am originally from, and in Reykjavik, Iceland.<br />
<br />
My most notable contribution in physics is the proposal of a polariton topological insulator, an optical analog of its electronic counterpart, which insulates electric current in the bulk, while perfectly conducting it on its surface. Now, since this theoretical prediction has been experimentally confirmed, the great goal is to develop the full quantum and nonlinear theory for topological interacting bosons. We are in a unique place to do this and our field is in a privileged position as a testing playground for this new theory.<br />
<br />
[mailto:A.Nalitov@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''1178'''<br />
<br />
== Dr. Gary Sinclair (Lecturer) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:gary-portrait.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
I am a physicist, and occasional engineer, who works in the growing field of integrated silicon photonics. This field aims to construct complex optical circuits on chip using optical waveguides, in close analogy with the way electronic integrated circuits have been built. In fact, when building our optical chips we use the same tools that have been developed in the electronics industry, giving us access to the unparalleled investments that have gone into silicon chip fabrication technology. My own research has focused on how we can apply integrated photonics to applications in both classical and quantum computing, with an emphasis on the optical nonlinearities that can be achieved in silicon photonics. This field is now reaching technological maturity, with a range of companies bringing exciting new computing, sensing, and communication products to the market. Since completing my PhD at the University of St Andrews in 2009 I have worked in a variety of academic and industrial research positions, with my longest position in the Quantum Engineering Technology Labs at the University of Bristol. I have recently joined the University of Wolverhampton and am looking forward to teaching and working with our students across a range of exciting new areas in physics.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[mailto:g.sinclair@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br />
<br />
== Dr. Juan Camilo López Carreño (Teaching Associate) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:camilo-portrait-squared.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
My path in Physics started in 2009 at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Bogotá&mdash;the Andean capital of Colombia. There I did the undergraduate studies of physics and after completing the five years program under the guidance of Dr.&nbsp;Herbert&nbsp;Vinck, I set sails into research on quantum optics. My journey continued in 2014, this time in Spain, at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid where I obtained the Master degree and was fortunate to become part of the group of Dr.&nbsp;Fabrice&nbsp;Laussy and Dr.&nbsp;Elena&nbsp;del&nbsp;Valle and join their efforts in the research on fundamental issues of quantum mechanics and the quantum description of polaritons.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[https://www.wlv.ac.uk/about-us/our-staff/juan-camilo-lopez-carreno/ web] - [mailto:J.LopezCarreno@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2187'''<br />
<br />
== Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua (PhD Student) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:EduardoZ.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
I finished the Physics degree in 2016 at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. That very year, I met Dr. Fabrice Laussy and Dr. Elena del Valle together with the group they led and I began to collaborate with them. From those first steps, my interest in quantum mechanics, especially quantum optics and quantum information, has grown swiftly and it keeps on rising. I continued my academic career doing a Master degree in Condensed Matter and Biological Systems at the same university. Nowadays I’m in a PhD program (in Madrid) under the supervision of Dr. Elena del Valle. We stay in touch with the Wolverhampton group with whom we share many common projects. My research is mainly focused on the generation of quantum light, unravelling its nature, understanding the underlying mechanisms and search for future applications. Always looking for the analytical way to face any problem.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[mailto:E.Zubizarretacasalengua@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''5896'''<br />
<br />
== Sana Khalid (Master Student) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:SanaKhalid.jpeg|left|120px]] <br />
I am a Mathematics graduate, currently studying my Masters degree at the University of Wolverhampton. I have a passion for Pure and Applied Maths and have a growing interest in Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Optics. I intend to continue with this passion, providing my own contributions to the field as a PhD student under the supervision of Professor Fabrice Laussy and Dr. Andrew Gascoyne.<br />
|}<br />
[mailto:S.Khalid@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br />
<br />
== Guillermo Díaz Camacho (Visiting PhD Student) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:Guillermo.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
I am a PhD student from Madrid (Spain), and I am in Wolverhampton as a visiting student in the group of Prof.&nbsp;Fabrice&nbsp;Laussy. I did my undergrad in Physics at Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and set to continue my academic path with a Master degree in Theoretical Physics at the same university. It was at this point when I got interested in quantum optics and quantum information, and in 2015 pursued a PhD program at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid under the supervision of Prof.&nbsp;Carlos&nbsp;Tejedor. My main line of research is quantum optics in semiconductor nanostructures, studying systems such as microcavity polaritons.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Katarzyna (Kasia) Sopinska (Intern) ==<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:kasia.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
I am young student of Dudley college, and I am currently doing an applied science course on level three. My interests lie on a large variety of topics, ranging from art to philosophy. However, the subjects that I am the most passionate about are mathematics and physics, both at an experimental and at theoretical level. At the University of Wolverhampton I am doing an internship, which is helping me to develop my experimental skills but also to deepen my theoretical knowledge.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[mailto:Sopinska@gmx.co.uk mail]<br />
<br />
== Grzegorz (Greg) Mroczynski (Intern) ==<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:grzegorz.jpeg|left|120px]] <br />
I am a college student in Dudley and currently going under BTEC applied science path. My<br />
work here is to assist people with their experiments and learning from it in the meantime.<br />
I&#39;m here to widen my horizons and learn more; especially about physics and mathematics<br />
and being an intern here in Wolverhampton is a great help.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[mailto:00479730@dudleylearners.ac.uk mail]<br />
<br />
== You... ==<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:you.png|left|120px]] <br />
We are starting from scratch. We need motivated people at all levels of qualification. [[Join us, if you can!]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
------<br />
<br />
= Close collaborators =<br />
<br />
== Dr. Daniele Sanvitto ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:picture-daniele.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
Daniele is the head of the [http://polaritonics.weebly.com/ advanced photonics lab] in Lecce, Italy. He is our top experimentalist collaborator with whom we are actively working on a new road toward quantum computing.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Dr. Amir Rahmani ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:picture-amir.png|left|120px]]<br />
Amir is an Iranian theorist with expertise in dealing with old-style, lengthy algebra running through scores of handwritten pages. We collaborate on light-matter dynamics in unconventional configurations and with new degrees of freedom.<br />
|}<br />
<br /><br />
<br />
== Dr. Andrew Gascoyne (Senior Lecturer) ==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gascoyne_profile_photo2.jpg|left||120px]]<br />
I am a Lecturer in mathematics and physics. I graduated with a PhD from the University of Sheffield in 2011 and worked as a Post-Doctoral Research Associate on a STFC funded project entitled "Magnetic Features and Local Helioseismology" before joining the University of Wolverhampton as a Lecturer in Mathematics in 2015. My research is within the broad area of Solar physics, which is the branch of astrophysics that specialises in the study of the Sun. I am focused on Helioseismology; the study of acoustic wave propagation within the interior of the Sun, and MHD (magnetohydrodynamics) wave propagation. Mathematical modelling is a vital part of this research in order to compare and predict observational signatures and understand the many complex mechanisms and processes involved in the interaction of the solar acoustic modes with magnetic elements on the Sun i.e., Sunspots and Plage regions.<br />
<br />
[https://goo.gl/hFf752 web] - [mailto:A.D.Gascoyne@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 51'''8576'''<br />
<br />
------<br />
<br />
= Past =<br />
<br />
== Students, interns ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:mariam-anji-26jul2017.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
Mariam Adam and Anji Bard were two [http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/ Nuffield foundation] supported students, working in our group (from July 25 till August 15, 2017) on the problem of the characterisation of quantum sources of light from their photon emission.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
= Visitors =<br />
<br />
See also our page of [[guests and visitors]].<br />
<br />
= Group Pictures =<br />
<br />
Evolutions of the group through time.<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:GroupPicture-040417.jpg|The Early Days (2017).<br />
File:Group-Pictures1.jpg|The Early Years (2017-2019).<br />
File:resized_DreamTeam-2019.jpg|The Dream Years (2019-onward).<br />
</gallery></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=People&diff=1280People2021-03-04T16:32:02Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Dr. Gary Sinclair (Lecturer) */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Prof. Fabrice P. Laussy (Chair) ==<br />
[[File:picture-fabrice.jpeg|left|120px]]<br />
I am a French theoretical physicist, with an interest in most topics of physics and working more specifically in the fields of quantum optics, light-matter interactions, condensed matter and solid-state physics. I obtained my Ph.D in 2005 at the Université Blaise Pascal (in France) and gained extensive post-doctoral experience throughout Europe with stays in Sheffield (UK), Madrid (Spain), Southampton (UK) & Munich (Germany), the latter as a Marie Curie Fellow. In the period 2012—2016, I built a Research Group in Madrid, Spain, as a Ramón y Cajal fellow and with the support of the ERC starting grant POLAFLOW. In 2017, I took up a position at the University of Wolverhampton where I officiate as the Director of Study for Physics, setting on foot an ambitious Physics course for this vibrant University. I am currently the chair of Light and Matter interactions there.<br />
<br />
My proudest achievements in Science include a theory of Bose-Einstein condensation based on quantum Boltzmann master equations, the theory of frequency-resolved photon correlations and the study of its applications, including the proposal for a new type of light where photons are replaced by groups (or bundles) of $N$ photons for a tunable integer $N$, and the design of a device to generate it: the ''bundler''. Recently, I also contributed to the first demonstration of a genuine quantum character of polaritons (light-matter molecules). I am co-author of the popular textbook Microcavities. My immediate goals are to i) move forward quantum technologies based on our theoretical breakthroughs and ii) build a thriving Physics branch at the UoW to implement the noble mission of the University of bringing hand in hand research and teaching, as two facets of the same coin, that of knowledge. ''Non scholæ sed vitæ''.<br />
<br />
[https://goo.gl/yYRqJK web] - [mailto:fabrice.laussy@gmail.com mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2270'''<br />
<br />
== Dr. Elena del Valle (Senior Lecturer) ==<br />
<br />
[[File:Elena-del-Valle-2019.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
I am Senior Lecturer in Quantum Optics, a theorist with expertise in open quantum systems, photon correlations and frequency filtering, for which I developed the "sensor technique" which allows their exact calculation. My skills lie in analytical methods and mathematical methods and I have a passion for teaching and develop projects with students. I completed my PhD in the Departamento Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid in March 2009. My thesis was about light-matter interaction in 2D semiconductor microcavities and quantum dots embedded in microcavities. After that, I had the great pleasure of living in the UK for a couple of years (March 2011-2013) after being awarded a Newton International Fellowship at the University of Southampton in the group of Prof. Alexey Kavokin. Between the summers 2011 and 2013, I enjoyed a Humboldt Research Fellowship for Postdoctoral Researchers and worked at the Technische Universität München (Germany) with Prof. Michael Hartmann. During 2014, I had a Marie Curie (IEF-Fellowship for career development) at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. My project was called SQUIRREL (Sensing QUantum Information coRRELations). I then became a Ramon y Cajal tenured fellow at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid until July 2019 where I joined the WLM.<br />
<br />
[mailto:e.delvalle@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2458'''<br />
<br />
== Dr. Anton Nalitov (Lecturer) ==<br />
<br />
[[File:AntonNalitov.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
I am a lecturer in condensed matter physics and a theoretical physicist working mostly in the field of polaritonics, where we study new exciting properties of liquid light. I am particularly focused on topological, nonlinear and non-Hermitian properties of polariton physics. I did my PhD in Clermont-Ferrand, France, and later continued my research as a postdoc in Southampton, UK, St Petersburg, Russia, where I am originally from, and in Reykjavik, Iceland.<br />
<br />
My most notable contribution in physics is the proposal of a polariton topological insulator, an optical analog of its electronic counterpart, which insulates electric current in the bulk, while perfectly conducting it on its surface. Now, since this theoretical prediction has been experimentally confirmed, the great goal is to develop the full quantum and nonlinear theory for topological interacting bosons. We are in a unique place to do this and our field is in a privileged position as a testing playground for this new theory.<br />
<br />
[mailto:A.Nalitov@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''1178'''<br />
<br />
== Dr. Gary Sinclair (Lecturer) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:gary-portrait.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
I am a physicist, and occasional engineer, who works in the growing field of integrated silicon photonics. This field aims to construct complex optical circuits on chip using optical waveguides, in close analogy with the way electronic integrated circuits have been built. In fact, when building our optical chips we use the same tools that have been developed in the electronics industry, giving us access to the unparalleled investments that have gone into silicon chip fabrication technology. My own research has focused on how we can apply integrated photonics to applications in both classical and quantum computing, with an emphasis on the optical nonlinearities that can be achieved in silicon photonics. This field is now reaching technological maturity, with a range of companies bringing exciting new computing, sensing, and communication products to the market. Since completing my PhD at the University of St Andrews in 2009 I have worked in a variety of academic and industrial research positions, with my longest position in the Quantum Engineering Technology Labs at the University of Bristol. I have recently joined the University of Wolverhampton and am looking forward to teaching and working with our students across a range of exciting new areas in physics.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[mailto:g.sinclair@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br />
<br />
== Dr. Juan Camilo López Carreño (Teaching Associate) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:camilo-portrait-squared.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
My path in Physics started in 2009 at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Bogotá&mdash;the Andean capital of Colombia. There I did the undergraduate studies of physics and after completing the five years program under the guidance of Dr.&nbsp;Herbert&nbsp;Vinck, I set sails into research on quantum optics. My journey continued in 2014, this time in Spain, at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid where I obtained the Master degree and was fortunate to become part of the group of Dr.&nbsp;Fabrice&nbsp;Laussy and Dr.&nbsp;Elena&nbsp;del&nbsp;Valle and join their efforts in the research on fundamental issues of quantum mechanics and the quantum description of polaritons.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[https://www.wlv.ac.uk/about-us/our-staff/juan-camilo-lopez-carreno/ web] -[mailto:J.LopezCarreno@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2187'''<br />
<br />
== Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua (PhD Student) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:EduardoZ.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
I finished the Physics degree in 2016 at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. That very year, I met Dr. Fabrice Laussy and Dr. Elena del Valle together with the group they led and I began to collaborate with them. From those first steps, my interest in quantum mechanics, especially quantum optics and quantum information, has grown swiftly and it keeps on rising. I continued my academic career doing a Master degree in Condensed Matter and Biological Systems at the same university. Nowadays I’m in a PhD program (in Madrid) under the supervision of Dr. Elena del Valle. We stay in touch with the Wolverhampton group with whom we share many common projects. My research is mainly focused on the generation of quantum light, unravelling its nature, understanding the underlying mechanisms and search for future applications. Always looking for the analytical way to face any problem.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[mailto:E.Zubizarretacasalengua@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''5896'''<br />
<br />
== Sana Khalid (Master Student) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:SanaKhalid.jpeg|left|120px]] <br />
I am a Mathematics graduate, currently studying my Masters degree at the University of Wolverhampton. I have a passion for Pure and Applied Maths and have a growing interest in Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Optics. I intend to continue with this passion, providing my own contributions to the field as a PhD student under the supervision of Professor Fabrice Laussy and Dr. Andrew Gascoyne.<br />
|}<br />
[mailto:S.Khalid@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br />
<br />
== Guillermo Díaz Camacho (Visiting PhD Student) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:Guillermo.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
I am a PhD student from Madrid (Spain), and I am in Wolverhampton as a visiting student in the group of Prof.&nbsp;Fabrice&nbsp;Laussy. I did my undergrad in Physics at Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and set to continue my academic path with a Master degree in Theoretical Physics at the same university. It was at this point when I got interested in quantum optics and quantum information, and in 2015 pursued a PhD program at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid under the supervision of Prof.&nbsp;Carlos&nbsp;Tejedor. My main line of research is quantum optics in semiconductor nanostructures, studying systems such as microcavity polaritons.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Katarzyna (Kasia) Sopinska (Intern) ==<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:kasia.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
I am young student of Dudley college, and I am currently doing an applied science course on level three. My interests lie on a large variety of topics, ranging from art to philosophy. However, the subjects that I am the most passionate about are mathematics and physics, both at an experimental and at theoretical level. At the University of Wolverhampton I am doing an internship, which is helping me to develop my experimental skills but also to deepen my theoretical knowledge.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[mailto:Sopinska@gmx.co.uk mail]<br />
<br />
== Grzegorz (Greg) Mroczynski (Intern) ==<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:grzegorz.jpeg|left|120px]] <br />
I am a college student in Dudley and currently going under BTEC applied science path. My<br />
work here is to assist people with their experiments and learning from it in the meantime.<br />
I&#39;m here to widen my horizons and learn more; especially about physics and mathematics<br />
and being an intern here in Wolverhampton is a great help.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[mailto:00479730@dudleylearners.ac.uk mail]<br />
<br />
== You... ==<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:you.png|left|120px]] <br />
We are starting from scratch. We need motivated people at all levels of qualification. [[Join us, if you can!]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
------<br />
<br />
= Close collaborators =<br />
<br />
== Dr. Daniele Sanvitto ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:picture-daniele.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
Daniele is the head of the [http://polaritonics.weebly.com/ advanced photonics lab] in Lecce, Italy. He is our top experimentalist collaborator with whom we are actively working on a new road toward quantum computing.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Dr. Amir Rahmani ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:picture-amir.png|left|120px]]<br />
Amir is an Iranian theorist with expertise in dealing with old-style, lengthy algebra running through scores of handwritten pages. We collaborate on light-matter dynamics in unconventional configurations and with new degrees of freedom.<br />
|}<br />
<br /><br />
<br />
== Dr. Andrew Gascoyne (Senior Lecturer) ==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gascoyne_profile_photo2.jpg|left||120px]]<br />
I am a Lecturer in mathematics and physics. I graduated with a PhD from the University of Sheffield in 2011 and worked as a Post-Doctoral Research Associate on a STFC funded project entitled "Magnetic Features and Local Helioseismology" before joining the University of Wolverhampton as a Lecturer in Mathematics in 2015. My research is within the broad area of Solar physics, which is the branch of astrophysics that specialises in the study of the Sun. I am focused on Helioseismology; the study of acoustic wave propagation within the interior of the Sun, and MHD (magnetohydrodynamics) wave propagation. Mathematical modelling is a vital part of this research in order to compare and predict observational signatures and understand the many complex mechanisms and processes involved in the interaction of the solar acoustic modes with magnetic elements on the Sun i.e., Sunspots and Plage regions.<br />
<br />
[https://goo.gl/hFf752 web] - [mailto:A.D.Gascoyne@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 51'''8576'''<br />
<br />
------<br />
<br />
= Past =<br />
<br />
== Students, interns ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:mariam-anji-26jul2017.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
Mariam Adam and Anji Bard were two [http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/ Nuffield foundation] supported students, working in our group (from July 25 till August 15, 2017) on the problem of the characterisation of quantum sources of light from their photon emission.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
= Visitors =<br />
<br />
See also our page of [[guests and visitors]].<br />
<br />
= Group Pictures =<br />
<br />
Evolutions of the group through time.<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:GroupPicture-040417.jpg|The Early Days (2017).<br />
File:Group-Pictures1.jpg|The Early Years (2017-2019).<br />
File:resized_DreamTeam-2019.jpg|The Dream Years (2019-onward).<br />
</gallery></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_BSc&diff=1271Physics BSc2020-09-29T19:51:50Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Timetable */</p>
<hr />
<div>:''All science is either Physics or stamp collecting.'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford Ernest Rutherford].<br />
<br />
We are studying the Universe in Wolverhampton, at all the levels. It starts with our B.Sc Physics course, where we learn about Mechanics&mdash;both classical and quantum&mdash;optics and the language of the firmament: Mathematics. We then proceed to the most beautiful equations, that of Maxwell, that describe light, tame computers and carry on to understand everything else, from the physics of a superconductor to black holes. This page will give you a short overview of the main features of our course. While most of the fastly moving, dynamically changing things happen in Canvas on a lecture per lecture basis, this webspace hosts the slower action that takes place at the deeper level, involving all the courses together. You should be pointed to it whenever your visit will be needed, but feel free to come back any time to consult any item of interest or see if things happen unnoticed.<br />
<br />
Useful links:<br />
<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/Academic_Calendar_2018-19.pdf Academic calendar 2018-19].<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/ Timetables for modules] (or directly to [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/module_1.asp?previous=0 the modules]).<br />
* [https://www.wlv.ac.uk/current-students/examinations--timetabling-/university-rooms/ Rooms].<br />
<br />
= Teaching Staff =<br />
<br />
Prof. [[Fabrice|Fabrice Laussy]] is the Director of Studies for Physics at the University, with responsibility for the success and well-being of all the enrolled students. Dr. [[Elena|Del Valle]] and [[Anton|Nalitov]] are lecturers of Quantum Optics and Condensed-Matter, respectively. Dr. [[Andrew|Gascoyne]] is a Lecturer of Mathematics. Dr. [[Camilo|{{lopezcarreno}}]] is a teaching assistant.<br />
<br />
<gallery perrow=3><br />
File:picture-fabrice.jpeg|Prof. Dr. Fabrice Laussy<br>[https://goo.gl/yYRqJK web] - [mailto:fabrice.laussy@gmail.com mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2270'''<br><small>Mathematics for Physics<br>Quantum Physics<br>Scientific Computing<br>Modern Physics<br>Electrodynamics<br>Research</small><br />
File:Elena-del-Valle-2019.jpg|Dr. Elena del Valle<br> - [mailto:e.delvalle@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2458'''<br><small>Electromagnetism I<br>Electromagnetism II<br>Electrodynamics<br>Research<br>Foundation Year</small><br />
File:AntonNalitov.jpg|Dr. Anton Nalitov<br> - [mailto:A.Nalitov@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''1178'''<br><small>Optics<br>Thermal Physics<br>Condensed Matter Physics<br>Computational Physics.</small><br />
File:gary-portrait.jpg|Dr. Gary Sinclair<br> - [mailto:garyfsinclair@googlemail.com mail]<br><small>Electromagnetism I<br>Electromagnetism II</small><br />
File:Gascoyne_profile_photo2.jpg|Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br>[https://goo.gl/hFf752 web] - [mailto:A.D.Gascoyne@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 51'''8576'''<br><small>Mechanics<br>Numerical Methods</small><br />
File:LiamNaughton.png|Dr. Liam Naughton <br>[https://www.wlv.ac.uk/about-us/our-staff/liam-naughton/ web] - [mailto:L.Naughton@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''1452'''<br><small>Mathematical Methods</small><br />
File:camilo-portrait-squared.jpg|Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}<br>[https://tinyurl.com/y5tlysgh web] - [mailto:J.LopezCarreno@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2187'''<br><small>Solid State<br>Quantum Mechanics</small><br />
File:SanaKhalid.jpeg|Sana Khalid<br>- [mailto:S.Khalid@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br><small>Student support (Mathematics, Quantum Mechanics)</small><br />
File:EduardoZ.jpg|Eduardo Zubizarreta<br> - [mailto:E.ZubizarretaCasalengua@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br><small>Student support (Research, Scientific Computing)</small> <br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
Our Academic Coach is Holly Herzberg – [mailto:Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk]. Please contact Sarah for support with problems which do not have a physics flavour.<br />
<br />
= Lectures =<br />
== Level 3 ==<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/16787 Foundation Year Physics] by Dr. del Valle, Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures) & Elouise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
<br />
== Level 4 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17299 Optics] by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* Mechanics by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne (Lectures & labs) & Eloise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17704 Mathematics for Physicists] by Prof. Fabrice Laussy (Lectures) and Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism I] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) and Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/14620 Quantum mechanics] by Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Lectures) & Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/9395 Scientific computing] by Prof. F.P. Laussy, Dr. E. del Valle, Dr. A. Nalitov and Dr. J. C. {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
<br />
== Level 5 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism II] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) & Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18065 Solid State Physics] by Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
* Mathematical Methods by Dr. Liam Naughton.<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18067 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics], by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18068 Quantum Physics], by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lecture) & Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua (Tutorials).<br />
* Numerical Methods, by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br />
<br />
= Academic calendar =<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:University-of-Wolverhampton---Academic-Calendar-2019.20.png|600px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Timetable =<br />
<br />
[[File:timetable-2020-21-v1.jpg|750px]]<br />
<br />
= Cohorts =<br />
<br />
Each cohort of Physicists in Wolverhampton gets named after an important physicist who changed his field, despite an off-the-beaten-track academic trajectory, in line with our own objectives and aspirations.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
<gallery heights=200px><br />
File:hanbury-brown.jpg|[[Hanbury Brown cohort]] (2017-2019)|link=[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]<br />
File:Jaynes.jpg|[[Jaynes cohort]]<br> (2018-2021)|link=[[Jaynes cohort]]<br />
File:Mollow.png|[[Mollow cohort]]<br> (2019-2022)|link=[[Mollow cohort]]<br />
</gallery><br />
</center><br />
<br />
Our first generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]''', named after the least conventional, most brilliant and greatest outsider physicist of the 20th century, in line with our seminal Physics course that is making a pioneering journey into a new branch of the University.<br />
<br />
Our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Jaynes cohort]]''', named after the out-of-the-box thinking theorist who challenged the Copenhagen interpretation with his celebrated Jaynes-Cumming model. Also a passionate university teacher, our tribute reminds us of our mission to bring together the best Physics in the classroom and in the literature.<br />
<br />
Our third generation of Wulfrunian Physicists is the '''[[Mollow cohort]]''', named after the maverick theorist who provided the first correct description of resonance fluorescence, i.e., the emission from an atom irradiated coherently at the frequency of its transition. This simple-looking problem is at the heart of quantum optics. The answer is, by the way, a triplet, known as the Mollow triplet.<br />
<br />
= Our Approach =<br />
<br />
Our approach strongly relies on modern pedagogical philosophy, based on active learning. More specifically, we echo at the local scale of our school the structure of science as it unravels at the top level. That is to say, we value notions such as collaborations (peer-teaching), various types of dissemination (oral and written, posters, short presentations), all to be archived as a scientific journal would do of its original content. In particular, we use research-led and research-based teaching, getting up to the standard of professional science right from the beginning and involving elements of ongoing research, to keep our students at the edges of things, at the same time as we bring them there from the very beginning of any standard high education, that is to say, from textbook material and the conventional academic content (Newtonian mechanics, optics, programming languages, etc.) As they explore these classics, the students apply research methods of self-examination, critical queries, actively working with the topics, rather than undertaking a passive exposure and working out exercises that usually consists in repeating a particular case. In the peer-teaching approach, students critically evaluate each other's works. All these approaches, always in some dose along others, are monitored to contribute to the state of the art of pedagogical research in physics education.<br />
<br />
The syllabus of the overall course reads as follow. You can find more course-specific content on [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/ Canvas] (you need to complete your module registration on [https://smsweb.wlv.ac.uk/urd/sits.urd/run/siw_lgn e:Vision] to access them).<br />
<br />
= Zeroth Year (Level 3) =<br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Physics (Foundation Year 3AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is the science of understanding, interpreting and engineering the physical universe. To do so, it relies on a broad set of other disciplines: from pure mathematics which describes fundamental physical laws - to experimental physics, providing both tests of the theory and further insights by systematic explorations or merely trials and errors. This module will first establish the foundations of the discipline, including scientific notations, physical units and dimensional analysis and a survey of mathematical representations of the physical world. It will then introduce the various tools, methods and ways of thinking of a physicist through a combined in-class/laboratory investigation of two of the key notions of physics, namely, oscillations and waves, and forces and energies. These will be illustrated from their manifestation in a range of disciplines, including optics, mechanics and electromagnetism. The emphasis will be on the phenomenology rather than on abstract and sophisticated models. The course is a good introduction to important notions used throughout the scientific spectrum and will provide adequate preparation for more in-depth studies, including for the BSc (Hons) Applied Physics.<br />
<br />
= First Year (Level 4) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
<br />
=== Optics (4AP001)===<br />
<br />
Optics is the Science of light. As our most privileged human contact with the surrounding world is through the eye, optics has always been a central topic in our description of the observable universe. Light is also one of the key technological resources with practical applications found in a variety of technologies and everyday objects, including mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, lasers and fibre optics. Because light is a particular type of electromagnetic waves (with frequencies close to those visible to the naked eye), optical phenomena are just a branch of classical electromagnetism. The full theory is so large however and this particular type is so important that it comes as topic of its own. The module will study two aspects of light: as rays (geometrical optics) and as waves (physical optics). The emphasis will be on geometrical optics with detailed study of optical instrumentation and their applications (magnifiers, cameras, microscope and telescopes, including human vision) in both the classroom and through laboratory sessions. The most important notions of physical optics that provide a more general framework to optical phenomena and prepare more advanced applications, such as interferometry, polarization and diffractive-optics, will be studied at a more introductory level. The module will also survey some advanced notions of photonics in the modern applications of light: the use of lasers, optical detectors, waveguides, fibers and devices for imaging, display and storage, to complete this first outlook on light.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:interferometer.jpg|350px|One of our interferometers, to study Michelson interferences.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematics (4MM011) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is an exact science and is articulated, even in its most applied and experimental aspects, through mathematics of various types and levels. Mathematics will therefore be a topic that will be studied in all years of the BSc (Hons) Physics course, to develop skills to enter employment fully armed with modern mathematical and numerical methods. The first year will refresh previous knowledge, in particular of calculus (of real and complex numbers), and move on from there to introduce basic real analysis (functions of one variable, trigonometry) assuring a working knowledge of integration and derivation. The bulk of the module will be on i) the theory of ordinary differential equations and ii) linear algebra. Both will be studied with practical considerations in mind but algebra will also be introduced as the study of abstract mathematical structures, with the study of sets, groups and vector spaces. The emphasis will remain on vector calculus and computation with matrices and tensors. Finally, rudimentary notions of probability will be studied, with statistics being covered in laboratory sessions. The module will conclude by introducing functions of several variables & their partial derivatives, to be revisited again on next year.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:markov-chain.png|300px|A matrix equation (for Markov chains)]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mechanics (4MM012) ===<br />
<br />
Mechanics is the epitome of physics: it describes and explains the behaviour of physical objects around us, from falling apples to orbiting planets. The first great achievement of Physics as a Science was Newton's understanding that the same laws describe both. The wide range of physical phenomena that can be explained from the laws of classical mechanics makes it a pillar of virtually all other scientific fields. This makes this topic one of the oldest and largest subjects in science, engineering and technology. The module will concentrate on Newtonian mechanics as an introduction to the methods and thinking of a physicist. It will also expand on this classical material to introduce more advanced ideas and concepts of Mechanics, including fluid mechanics, applied mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics. The other branch of mechanics, quantum mechanics, will be studied in a different module. The module will thus focus on the study of the motion of classical bodies and teach how to calculate in various reference frames their position, velocity and acceleration as a function of time under the action of applied forces, with applications to projectiles, astronomical bodies and macroscopic rigid bodies. Important concepts such as conservation laws and symmetry are introduced and studied in a plethora of variations. The dynamics of oscillators, in particular the harmonic oscillator, will be studied in great detail, with emphasis of how various terms in the equation correspond to various scenarios describing a physical object, with basic concepts such as driving and dissipation. The value and interest of exact (closed-form) solutions as compared to approximations will be highlighted.<br />
<br />
Laboratory sessions will be conducted to develop a firm grasp of Physics as an experimental and applied science, focusing on fundamentals such as the study of pendulums and springs, and reproducing pioneering experiments such as the free-falling objects of Galileo. Along with a traditional pen-and-paper approach, an introduction to fully automatised, computer-assisted modern laboratories will be given through a dynamic wireless smart-cart system.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:mini-launcher.jpg|250px|One of our mini launchers, to study the dynamics of falling bodies.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2==<br />
<br />
=== Quantum Mechanics (4AP003)===<br />
<br />
Quantum mechanics describes objects at small scales and low energies. Since our technology relies heavily on miniaturisation, quantum effects become increasingly important in the applied and engineering branches of physics. Every field of physics has its "quantum counterpart". Furthermore, quantum physics is so counter-intuitive that it makes a complete break with so-called "classical physics", even though the latter includes modern developments such as relativity that revolutionised our understanding of the nature of time and space. Being familiar with quantum concepts is not only important from the scientific viewpoint but also from cultural and philosophical point of views: from the quantum Zeno effect to Schrödinger's cat. Quantum physics is so pivotal in modern physics that some aspects of it will be studied in at all three levels of study in the BSc (Hons) Physics course.<br />
<br />
This level 4 module will introduce the problems with classical physics and the need for a paradigm change, how this was made through the concept of a wavefunction and its associated Schrödinger equation. Solving the latter on elementary cases with time-independent Hamiltonian will allow to delve into the interpretation and meaning of the theory. Its axiomatic formulation in an Hilbert space will introduce the formal and abstract aspects. The concept of quantum correlations will be introduced and contrasted to classical physics, with an introduction to the concepts leading to Bell's inequalities. Special emphasis will be given to applications of quantum physics and how it promises another technology revolution for the coming decades. The module will conclude on the two-body problem in quantum mechanics, introducing the notion of bosons and fermions.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:wavefunction.png|350px|The quantum wavefunction.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electromagnetism 1 (4AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is a Science of "unification", striving to find general fundamental principles that explain the largest possible extent of observed phenomena with the simplest set of physical laws. In this respect, electromagnetism is the standard theory that led to the unification of two important branches of physics: electricity and magnetism. Its further extension led to the "standard model" of particle physics. This level 4 module will bring us toward the culmination of the theory, namely Maxwell's equations, through preparatory study of vector calculus and in-depth separate analyses of the electric and magnetic fields. This will create familiarity with the respective phenomenology that are of considerable importance for the subject of applied physics. These phenomenon fall under the denomination of electrostatic (the science of electric charges) and magnetostatic (the science of magnets). Special emphasis will be given to electronic circuits as an applied illustration of important concepts of electrodynamics, and to support the laboratory sessions that will focus on these aspects.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:electrostatics.png|350px|One of our electrostatic kit, including a giant capacitor and Faraday ice pail.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Scientific Computing (4AP006)===<br />
<br />
With the advent and generalisation of computers, Science has taken a new turn. It is now possible to make breakthrough discoveries or reach record-breaking calculations with a standard home computer. Whilst this influences all of the Sciences, Physics is particularly affected since a physical problem is often reduced to solving an equation, which can usually be done numerically. The unique skillsets of Physicists in adapting computer resources to the wide variety of their problems make them highly sought in numerous areas extraneous to their speciality, such as in finance and banking, where they have proven to be the most versatile, resourceful and able users of computer simulations. Since numerical methods are a considerable resource, that will prove useful whatever the future occupation of any physicist will be, the topic will be studied throughout the course. <br />
<br />
This module will first introduce the use of computer resources in networking systems. The unix/linux-based scientific computing environment will be introduced for its scripting features, data processing tools as well as for the standard scientific document typesetting system (LaTeX). This environment will contribute to applications for the Enterprise and Employability Award through content-based rather than look-focused approach in setting up a resume, motivation letter and writting an application, and later for the preparation of Research-level scientific reports for the laboratory experiments. <br />
The module will then introduce basic algorithms and teach elementary numerical methods such as solving sets of linear equations, methods of interpolation, finding roots of nonlinear equations, evaluating integrals and will introduce direct methods for solving ordinary differential equations. The modules will be intensively based on laboratory sessions and practical work and will also teach the necessary programming skills. To endow the student with modern and powerful tools, the course will be taught in the Python programming language, which is a high-level language fairly easy to learn and affording great code readability. This will form a good starting point for development of other programming languages that will be needed on the professional market (where Python is also highly sought). It allows for interacting programming through ipython and Jupyter that is of great pedagogical value. All of these resources are open sources so students can study and apply their knowledge outside of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:ipynb_flat.png|350px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Second Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Electromagnetism 2 (5AP001)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the material studied in the 4AP004-Electromagnetism I, which concluded with the presentation of Maxwell's equations, brought together by separate studies of electric and magnetic phenomena. This level 5 module combines the equations, adding the one final piece brought by Maxwell, and show how this complete description of the time-and-space varying electromagnetic field opens a whole new realm of physical phenomena and applications. The module will show in particular how light emerges out of the equations and, remarkably, how the speed of light in a vacuum arises as a universal constant that is dependent only on the electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space. It will study light's propagation subsequent to its radiation by a source, a problem known as "electrodynamics". The study of light's interaction with matter will allow to revisit one's knowledge of optics from a more fundamental point of view and better appreciate the hierarchy of the subfields of physics. Intensive laboratory sessions will provide insights through a variety of microwave experiments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:microwave-setup.png|350px|One of our kits to explore microwaves.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Solid State Physics (5AP002)===<br />
<br />
Solid state physics is an introduction to condensed matter physics, within which you will study the particular topic of widest interest: that of rigid matter. This topic is both better understood and of greatest practical use for technology and industry, the bulk of which relies on a particular types of solids—semiconductors—that provide the bulk material for electronic devices. Solid state physics considers how large-scale properties of solids arise from fundamental phenomena taking place in crystalline ordering of densely packed atoms. It is a rich and fruitful field that illustrates how simple ideas lead to extremely complex behaviours when involving many-body physics. It also brings together various subfields of physics, from classical to quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistics, to this playground and considers how various phenomena have different origins or, in contrast, stem from a combination of several disciplines. This develops the ability to explain something out of a simple model. Solid state physics focuses on the mechanical (e.g., hardness and elasticity), thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of crystals. This module will describe all these aspects in details with a joint theoretical description in class and laboratory experimentation, contrasting different types of solids as probed through these various characteristics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:diamagnetism.png|300px|Diamagnetism.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematical Methods (5AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will strengthen the mathematical apparatus required to support the increasing knowledge and depth of description of the physical phenomena, now extending to functions of several variables and their associated partial differential equations. Calculus of vector field will also be covered in parallel through the Electromagnism II module. Complex analysis will extend calculus to the case of complex functions of complex variables, showing the stronger notion of derivatives through the CauchyRiemann's theorem and the notion of analycity. The module will then starts a paradigm shift towards providing the "Mathematical Methods" which are useful in physics, that consist of specialized techniques and tools from a given Mathematical discipline, that the physicist does not usually need to know in its entirety. Finally, the study of dynamical systems will be studied with some emphasis on applications for Physics (bistability and hysteresis of nonlinear oscillators, laser thresholds, Liénard systems, relaxation oscillations, etc.) <br />
<br />
<center>[[File:duffing-attractor.png|300px|The Duffing attractor, an example of a dynamical system.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics (5AP004) ===<br />
<br />
The unit to measure the "number of things", the mole, is unfathomably large, of the order of $10^{23}$ objects. In such conditions, describing a mole of, say, a gas, seems a daunting task, given the sheer amount of underlying constituents that interact between each other. It is one insight of thermodynamics and statistical physics that such complex objects can however be described, essentially completely and exactly with only a few variables. In fact, the larger the number of objects, the more accurate the description. An important illustration is the case of thermodynamics, the science of heat-flow and its relation to work, that is such a macroscopic consequence of statistical (and quantum) mechanics. An understanding of thermal physics is crucial, not only to modern physics, but also to chemistry, biology, computer science and, of course, several subfields of engineering. The module introduces key notions of statistical mechanics, with a strong emphasis on thermodynamics, but surveying also the other fields of interest for Physics, namely, solid state physics, optics and also complex systems.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:blackbody-radiation.png|350px|Our setup to measure blackbody radiation.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Quantum Physics (5AP005) ===<br />
<br />
This level 5 module on quantum mechanics will first extend the theory to a three-dimensional setting, taking advantage of a now better familiarity with more advanced mathematical tools, and then turn to applications of the theory to various cases and concepts of applied interest, including the description of the fundamental, and most common, atom in the universe: hydrogen. It will be shown how quantum mechanics explains the empirically observed spectroscopic lines of this and other chemical compounds. The physics of spin will be studied in detail, considering problems such as the dynamics of an electron in a magnetic field, already studied in the electromagnetism modules, being revisited here by the quantum theory. The addition of angular momenta will provide an opportunity to play with quantum algebra and see how quantum numbers behave in an unfamiliar fashion that requires much practice to be acquainted with. Useful and important computational techniques will be studied, such as perturbation theory, to provide a finer description of the hydrogen atom, or the variational principle, to study the molecule of Helium. Other techniques, such as the WKB approximation, adiabatic approximation, etc., will prepare the student for advanced use of the quantum theory in the description and understanding of the most contemporary systems and problems of modern physics, to be fully unravelled at level 6.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:sphericalharmonics.jpg|420px|Spherical harmonics describing the hydrogen atom.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Numerical Methods (5AP006)===<br />
<br />
This module will, in line with the expertise now acquired in the other disciplines of Physics, provide the tools to solve numerical problems that are time-dependent, in particular those involving fields. Concrete problems that arise from other modules, such as solving the heat equation in nontrivial geometries, computing a flow with various models and approximations, propagating a complex wavefunction or solving Maxwell equations, will be brought to the computer and studied there numerically, with emphasis on notions such as stability and convergence. This module will also provide a first experience with research-type problems involving the student's own analysis and judgement, to direct the most promising directions for further exploration.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:numerical-methods-level5.png|350px|Comparisons of various numerical methods.]]</center><br />
<br />
= Optional Third Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Sandwich Placement (5AP008) ==<br />
<br />
You have the opportunity to make a sandwich placement, somewhere in industry, a corporation, R&D center, hospital (medical Physics) or basically any place where you will be able to exercise your Physics skills and acquire new tricks, develop your network of contacts and prepare yourself a great future on the job market. This is optional. If you go through this route, you'll graduate after Level 6 on the fourth year.<br />
<br />
= Third Year (Level 6) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Modern Physics (6AP010) ===<br />
<br />
Modern Physics refers to the branches of physics that developed in the 20th century and beyond, extending the classical topics of mechanics and electromagnetism to the extreme conditions of very small sizes and/or high energies. The first breakup with classical physics was Einstein's theory of special relativity, that gave a new meaning to space and time. A first chapter of the module studies this pillar of modern physics, culminating with relativistic kinematics. The other breakup, that came with quantum theory, was so widespread and far-reaching that its material is studied independently in previous models of the course (quantum mechanics and quantum physics). This module focuses instead on its recent developments for the theory of information and towards technological applications. A success of modern physics is to describe all known particles in a unified, so-called standard model, that is overviewed at a phenomenological level, from elementary particles up to the nuclear model, presenting the two remaining forces of nature (weak and strong forces). A final chapter on general relativity, and how the curvature of spacetime describes gravitation, with some applications for cosmology, concludes this succinct picture of modern Physics. The module will allow students to get a good grip of the modern landscape of Physics as well as to be armed towards pursuing specialized Physics topics at a Master level in a broad variety of topics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:black-hole.png|275px|First observation of a black hole.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Computational Physics (6AP002)===<br />
<br />
The mathematical and computational aspects of physics will be brought together in a single module to provide the tools required for the student to develop their own capacity in identifying and solving problems. Topics in Mathematics will include Fourier and Laplace analysis, variational calculus, Green functions, and Optimization. More computer-oriented topics will introduce students to the field that sits at the boundary of Physics and Mathematics and Computer Science and that emerges as a discipline of its own: known as "numerical experiments" (or "simulation experiment"). Topics in this subject will include Monte Carlo methods, theory of algorithms and some notion of complexity and information theory, as well as an introduction to parallel and distributed programming. Emphasis will be given to computational analysis of the systems studied in Condensed Matter physics module (6AP001).<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:g2-monte-carlos.png|350px|A result of a computer experiment with photo-detection and its fit to theory.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 1 (6AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will prepare the level 6 student to undertake, under supervision, autonomous work in a University environment to produce original research. This will aid future employability, opening up the possibility to apply for a masters course or to join the most dynamic areas of the employment market place. This module will bring together all the skills developed and perfected up till now, including literature review, rapid understanding and distilling of considerable amounts of complex information, as well as a capacity to identify the required tools to tackle a problem. This first-semester module will present students with a set of problems, with various levels of laboratory, computer, and theory-based content (in most cases with a blend of all these). These problems will be discussed with a personal research-active tutor, so as to agree on a topic of mutual interest and the direction to explore. In this first stage, students will undertake a literature review and produce a scientific poster and written reports relating to research undertaken. The poster will be presented to the rest of the Physics students (including level 4 & 5 students), who will provide feedback and comments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:Quiet-zone-400x296.jpg|300px|A popular place with Researchers.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
=== Condensed Matter Physics (6AP001) ===<br />
<br />
Condensed matter physics describes the wide variety of condensed phases of matter, including, but not limited to, the most familiar forms that are the liquid and solid states, whose dedicated study makes a topic of its own. Indeed, condensed matter extends to more exotic phases such as glasses, liquid crystals, quasi-crystals, plasmas, (anti)ferromagnets or non-Newtonian fluids (that change their viscosity or flow behaviour under stress), to name a few. Condensed matter also describes fundamental states of matter ruled by quantum phenomena, including Bose-Einstein condensates, superconductors that conduct electricity without losses, and superfluids that flow without resistance. As such, condensed matter relies extensively on a combination of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics. It is an advanced topic that requires a firm understanding of all these disciplines, that, when brought together, give rise to the emergence of new concepts, following Anderson's credo: "More is different". The module will cover such important modern notions of contemporary physics, including broken symmetries, order parameters and topology.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:giant-magnetoresistance.png|350px|Measurement of giant magnetoresistance.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electrodynamics (6AP012) ===<br />
<br />
Electrodynamics is the science of the interaction between light and matter. This module brings together all the ingredients studied in details throughout the course, to give the final picture of how objects interact at the most fundamental level. The material starts in the wake of Electromagnetism II with radiation theory, or how accelerating charges produce electromagnetic fields. Then the classical theory of Maxwell equations is revisited from the point of view of special relativity, showing how the magnetic field emerges as a relativistic effect. In the second part of the module, we turn to the quantization of the electromagnetic field and its interaction with matter. We first complete the picture of the hydrogen atom from the Quantum Physics module, by studying its hyperfine structure and spontaneous emission. We then overview both the low and high-energy regimes of electrodynamics, with Dirac's equation for the electron and the Feynman diagrammatic rules on the one hand, and a study of the basic models of light-matter interactions that are resonance fluorescence, Rabi oscillations and the Jaynes-Cummings model, on the other hand.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photoelectric.png|350px|One of our setup to detect single photons.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 2 (6AP009)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the "Research 1" module (6AP003), engaging students in active research related to an identified problem. A weekly meeting will bring together the student and their personal research-active tutor, and/or the rest of the class, to describe progress, ideas, problems and difficulties and, if applicable, results. At the end of the module, the student will provide i) a 15 minutes oral presentation in conference style, in front of a panel of referees who will ask questions on the research results, and a ii) written report in the form and style of a research article. In case of valuable results in a nontrivial problem, the latter will be submitted for publication and evaluated by research peers beyond the walls of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:prl-2017.png|300px|The portal of Phys. Rev. Lett.]]</center></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=File:Timetable-2020-21-v1.jpg&diff=1270File:Timetable-2020-21-v1.jpg2020-09-29T19:51:35Z<p>Juancamilo: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_Seminars&diff=1249Physics Seminars2020-02-19T10:42:56Z<p>Juancamilo: </p>
<hr />
<div><p align=right><br />
''Not only is it important to ask questions and find the answers, as a scientist I felt obligated to communicate with the world what we were learning.''<br><br />
Stephen Hawking, in Brief Answers to the Big Questions</p> <br />
<br />
This is a list of our WLM seminars (in chronological order, last given is last in the list. 👉 points to the next one). Note that we call "''seminar''" everything, which actually includes research talks, evening Lectures, expert and wide audience addresses alike, etc.<br />
<br />
# [[Hancock seminar (March 2018)]] on nanographene.<br />
# [[Petrov seminar (October 2018)]] on squeezed light.<br />
# [[Nobel seminar (October 2018)]] on the Nobel prize of this year.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Wilkinson seminar (December 2018)]] on medical & forensic applications of Physics.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Cross seminar (January 2019)]] on fast cars.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Newsam seminar (April 2019)]] on Astronomy and Art.<br />
# [[Nalitov seminar (May 2019)]] on topogical and nonlinear effects with polaritons.<br />
# [[Sigurdsson seminar (June 2019)]] on time-delay polaritonics.<br />
# [[Khalid seminar (September 2019)]] on being a University student.<br />
# [[del Valle seminar (September 2019)]] on the research in Physics in Wolverhampton.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Sánchez Muñoz seminar (October 2019)]] on the tiniest possible sound.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Nobel seminar (October 2019)]] on the Nobel prize of this year.<br />
# [[Cherotchenko seminar (October 2019)]] on everything perovskites.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Whittaker seminar (November 2019)]] on running barefoot.<br />
# [[Rasol seminar (November 2019)]] on Quantum Supremacy.<br />
# [[Christmas Lecture (December 2019)]] on Music. [[File:notes.png|30px]]<br />
# {{iop}} [[Wilkinson seminar (January 2020)]] on Physics in Science-Fiction writing.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Ramsay seminar (January 2020)]] on physics pushing the frontiers of technology.<br />
# {{iop}} [[De Liberato seminar (February 2020)]] on scientific enteprenership.<br />
# 👉'''{{iop}} {{iop}} [[Nalitov seminar (March 2020)]] on time crystals'''.<br />
# [[Zubizaretta seminar (February 2020)]] tbc.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Ohadi seminar (April 2020)]] on weird quantum fluids.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Khechara seminar (April 2020)]] on the most dangerous experiments in Physics.<br />
<br />
== Institute of Physics's Lectures ==<br />
<br />
We are part of the [https://www.iop.org/activity/branches/midlands/west-midlands/index.html#gref West Midlands] branch of the IOP and regularly host fascinating evening {{iop}} lectures open to all.<br />
<br />
# [[:File:IOP-Wolverhampton-2018-2019.pdf|Program 2018-2019]]<br />
# [[:File:IOP-Wolverhampton-2019-2020.pdf|Program 2019-2020]]<br />
<br />
<p>&nbsp;</p><br />
We also keep a list of interesting seminars of special interest to the audience of ours:<br />
<br />
# [[Wolverhampton Astronomical Society (March 2019)]] on the Science of Armageddon.</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_Seminars&diff=1248Physics Seminars2020-02-19T10:42:46Z<p>Juancamilo: </p>
<hr />
<div><p align=right><br />
''Not only is it important to ask questions and find the answers, as a scientist I felt obligated to communicate with the world what we were learning.''<br><br />
Stephen Hawking, in Brief Answers to the Big Questions</p> <br />
<br />
This is a list of our WLM seminars (in chronological order, last given is last in the list. 👉 points to the next one). Note that we call "''seminar''" everything, which actually includes research talks, evening Lectures, expert and wide audience addresses alike, etc.<br />
<br />
# [[Hancock seminar (March 2018)]] on nanographene.<br />
# [[Petrov seminar (October 2018)]] on squeezed light.<br />
# [[Nobel seminar (October 2018)]] on the Nobel prize of this year.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Wilkinson seminar (December 2018)]] on medical & forensic applications of Physics.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Cross seminar (January 2019)]] on fast cars.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Newsam seminar (April 2019)]] on Astronomy and Art.<br />
# [[Nalitov seminar (May 2019)]] on topogical and nonlinear effects with polaritons.<br />
# [[Sigurdsson seminar (June 2019)]] on time-delay polaritonics.<br />
# [[Khalid seminar (September 2019)]] on being a University student.<br />
# [[del Valle seminar (September 2019)]] on the research in Physics in Wolverhampton.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Sánchez Muñoz seminar (October 2019)]] on the tiniest possible sound.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Nobel seminar (October 2019)]] on the Nobel prize of this year.<br />
# [[Cherotchenko seminar (October 2019)]] on everything perovskites.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Whittaker seminar (November 2019)]] on running barefoot.<br />
# [[Rasol seminar (November 2019)]] on Quantum Supremacy.<br />
# [[Christmas Lecture (December 2019)]] on Music. [[File:notes.png|30px]]<br />
# {{iop}} [[Wilkinson seminar (January 2020)]] on Physics in Science-Fiction writing.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Ramsay seminar (January 2020)]] on physics pushing the frontiers of technology.<br />
# {{iop}} [[De Liberato seminar (February 2020)]] on scientific enteprenership.<br />
# 👉'''{{iop}}{{iop}} [[Nalitov seminar (March 2020)]] on time crystals'''.<br />
# [[Zubizaretta seminar (February 2020)]] tbc.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Ohadi seminar (April 2020)]] on weird quantum fluids.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Khechara seminar (April 2020)]] on the most dangerous experiments in Physics.<br />
<br />
== Institute of Physics's Lectures ==<br />
<br />
We are part of the [https://www.iop.org/activity/branches/midlands/west-midlands/index.html#gref West Midlands] branch of the IOP and regularly host fascinating evening {{iop}} lectures open to all.<br />
<br />
# [[:File:IOP-Wolverhampton-2018-2019.pdf|Program 2018-2019]]<br />
# [[:File:IOP-Wolverhampton-2019-2020.pdf|Program 2019-2020]]<br />
<br />
<p>&nbsp;</p><br />
We also keep a list of interesting seminars of special interest to the audience of ours:<br />
<br />
# [[Wolverhampton Astronomical Society (March 2019)]] on the Science of Armageddon.</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_Seminars&diff=1247Physics Seminars2020-02-19T10:42:25Z<p>Juancamilo: </p>
<hr />
<div><p align=right><br />
''Not only is it important to ask questions and find the answers, as a scientist I felt obligated to communicate with the world what we were learning.''<br><br />
Stephen Hawking, in Brief Answers to the Big Questions</p> <br />
<br />
This is a list of our WLM seminars (in chronological order, last given is last in the list. 👉 points to the next one). Note that we call "''seminar''" everything, which actually includes research talks, evening Lectures, expert and wide audience addresses alike, etc.<br />
<br />
# [[Hancock seminar (March 2018)]] on nanographene.<br />
# [[Petrov seminar (October 2018)]] on squeezed light.<br />
# [[Nobel seminar (October 2018)]] on the Nobel prize of this year.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Wilkinson seminar (December 2018)]] on medical & forensic applications of Physics.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Cross seminar (January 2019)]] on fast cars.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Newsam seminar (April 2019)]] on Astronomy and Art.<br />
# [[Nalitov seminar (May 2019)]] on topogical and nonlinear effects with polaritons.<br />
# [[Sigurdsson seminar (June 2019)]] on time-delay polaritonics.<br />
# [[Khalid seminar (September 2019)]] on being a University student.<br />
# [[del Valle seminar (September 2019)]] on the research in Physics in Wolverhampton.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Sánchez Muñoz seminar (October 2019)]] on the tiniest possible sound.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Nobel seminar (October 2019)]] on the Nobel prize of this year.<br />
# [[Cherotchenko seminar (October 2019)]] on everything perovskites.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Whittaker seminar (November 2019)]] on running barefoot.<br />
# [[Rasol seminar (November 2019)]] on Quantum Supremacy.<br />
# [[Christmas Lecture (December 2019)]] on Music. [[File:notes.png|30px]]<br />
# {{iop}} [[Wilkinson seminar (January 2020)]] on Physics in Science-Fiction writing.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Ramsay seminar (January 2020)]] on physics pushing the frontiers of technology.<br />
# {{iop}} {{iop}} [[De Liberato seminar (February 2020)]] on scientific enteprenership.<br />
# 👉'''{{iop}} [[Nalitov seminar (March 2020)]] on time crystals'''.<br />
# [[Zubizaretta seminar (February 2020)]] tbc.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Ohadi seminar (April 2020)]] on weird quantum fluids.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Khechara seminar (April 2020)]] on the most dangerous experiments in Physics.<br />
<br />
== Institute of Physics's Lectures ==<br />
<br />
We are part of the [https://www.iop.org/activity/branches/midlands/west-midlands/index.html#gref West Midlands] branch of the IOP and regularly host fascinating evening {{iop}} lectures open to all.<br />
<br />
# [[:File:IOP-Wolverhampton-2018-2019.pdf|Program 2018-2019]]<br />
# [[:File:IOP-Wolverhampton-2019-2020.pdf|Program 2019-2020]]<br />
<br />
<p>&nbsp;</p><br />
We also keep a list of interesting seminars of special interest to the audience of ours:<br />
<br />
# [[Wolverhampton Astronomical Society (March 2019)]] on the Science of Armageddon.</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_Seminars&diff=1246Physics Seminars2020-02-06T10:23:34Z<p>Juancamilo: </p>
<hr />
<div><p align=right><br />
''Not only is it important to ask questions and find the answers, as a scientist I felt obligated to communicate with the world what we were learning.''<br><br />
Stephen Hawking, in Brief Answers to the Big Questions</p> <br />
<br />
This is a list of our WLM seminars (in chronological order, last given is last in the list. 👉 points to the next one). Note that we call "''seminar''" everything, which actually includes research talks, evening Lectures, expert and wide audience addresses alike, etc.<br />
<br />
# [[Hancock seminar (March 2018)]] on nanographene.<br />
# [[Petrov seminar (October 2018)]] on squeezed light.<br />
# [[Nobel seminar (October 2018)]] on the Nobel prize of this year.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Wilkinson seminar (December 2018)]] on medical & forensic applications of Physics.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Cross seminar (January 2019)]] on fast cars.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Newsam seminar (April 2019)]] on Astronomy and Art.<br />
# [[Nalitov seminar (May 2019)]] on topogical and nonlinear effects with polaritons.<br />
# [[Sigurdsson seminar (June 2019)]] on time-delay polaritonics.<br />
# [[Khalid seminar (September 2019)]] on being a University student.<br />
# [[del Valle seminar (September 2019)]] on the research in Physics in Wolverhampton.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Sánchez Muñoz seminar (October 2019)]] on the tiniest possible sound.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Nobel seminar (October 2019)]] on the Nobel prize of this year.<br />
# [[Cherotchenko seminar (October 2019)]] on everything perovskites.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Whittaker seminar (November 2019)]] on running barefoot.<br />
# [[Rasol seminar (November 2019)]] on Quantum Supremacy.<br />
# [[Christmas Lecture (December 2019)]] on Music. [[File:notes.png|30px]]<br />
# {{iop}} [[Wilkinson seminar (January 2020)]] on Physics in Science-Fiction writing.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Ramsay seminar (January 2020)]] on physics pushing the frontiers of technology.<br />
# 👉'''{{iop}} {{iop}} [[De Liberato seminar (February 2020)]] on scientific enteprenership'''.<br />
# [[Zubizaretta seminar (February 2020)]] tbc.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Nalitov seminar (March 2020)]] on time crystals.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Ohadi seminar (April 2020)]] on weird quantum fluids.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Khechara seminar (April 2020)]] on the most dangerous experiments in Physics.<br />
<br />
== Institute of Physics's Lectures ==<br />
<br />
We are part of the [https://www.iop.org/activity/branches/midlands/west-midlands/index.html#gref West Midlands] branch of the IOP and regularly host fascinating evening {{iop}} lectures open to all.<br />
<br />
# [[:File:IOP-Wolverhampton-2018-2019.pdf|Program 2018-2019]]<br />
# [[:File:IOP-Wolverhampton-2019-2020.pdf|Program 2019-2020]]<br />
<br />
<p>&nbsp;</p><br />
We also keep a list of interesting seminars of special interest to the audience of ours:<br />
<br />
# [[Wolverhampton Astronomical Society (March 2019)]] on the Science of Armageddon.</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_BSc&diff=1242Physics BSc2019-11-27T13:40:20Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Semester 2 */</p>
<hr />
<div>:''All science is either Physics or stamp collecting.'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford Ernest Rutherford].<br />
<br />
We are studying the Universe in Wolverhampton, at all the levels. It starts with our B.Sc Physics course, where we learn about Mechanics&mdash;both classical and quantum&mdash;optics and the language of the firmament: Mathematics. We then proceed to the most beautiful equations, that of Maxwell, that describe light, tame computers and carry on to understand everything else, from the physics of a superconductor to black holes. This page will give you a short overview of the main features of our course. While most of the fastly moving, dynamically changing things happen in Canvas on a lecture per lecture basis, this webspace hosts the slower action that takes place at the deeper level, involving all the courses together. You should be pointed to it whenever your visit will be needed, but feel free to come back any time to consult any item of interest or see if things happen unnoticed.<br />
<br />
Useful links:<br />
<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/Academic_Calendar_2018-19.pdf Academic calendar 2018-19].<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/ Timetables for modules] (or directly to [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/module_1.asp?previous=0 the modules]).<br />
* [https://www.wlv.ac.uk/current-students/examinations--timetabling-/university-rooms/ Rooms].<br />
<br />
= Teaching Staff =<br />
<br />
Prof. [[Fabrice|Fabrice Laussy]] is the Director of Studies for Physics at the University, with responsibility for the success and well-being of all the enrolled students. Dr. [[Elena|Del Valle]] and [[Anton|Nalitov]] are lecturers of Quantum Optics and Condensed-Matter, respectively. Dr. [[Andrew|Gascoyne]] is a Lecturer of Mathematics. Dr. [[Camilo|{{lopezcarreno}}]] is a teaching assistant.<br />
<br />
<gallery perrow=3><br />
File:picture-fabrice.jpeg|Prof. Dr. Fabrice Laussy<br>[https://goo.gl/yYRqJK web] - [mailto:fabrice.laussy@gmail.com mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2270'''<br><small>Mathematics for Physics<br>Quantum Physics</small><br />
File:Elena-del-Valle-2019.jpg|Dr. Elena del Valle<br> - [mailto:e.delvalle@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2458'''<br><small>Electromagnetism I<br>Electromagnetism II<br>Foundation Year</small><br />
File:AntonNalitov.jpg|Dr. Anton Nalitov<br> - [mailto:A.Nalitov@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''1178'''<br><small>Optics<br>Thermal Physics</small><br />
File:Gascoyne_profile_photo2.jpg|Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br>[https://goo.gl/hFf752 web] - [mailto:A.D.Gascoyne@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 51'''8576'''<br><small>Mechanics<br>Scientific computing<br>Numerical Methods</small><br />
File:camilo-portrait-squared.jpg|Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}<br>[https://tinyurl.com/y5tlysgh web] - [mailto:J.LopezCarreno@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2187'''<br><small>Solid State<br>Quantum Mechanics</small><br />
File:SanaKhalid.jpeg|Sana Khalid<br>- [mailto:S.Khalid@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br><small>Mathematics<br>Quantum Mechanics</small> <br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
Our Academic Coach is Holly Herzberg – [mailto:Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk]. Please contact Sarah for support with problems which do not have a physics flavour.<br />
<br />
= Lectures =<br />
== Level 3 ==<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/16787 Foundation Year Physics] by Dr. del Valle, Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures) & Elouise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
<br />
== Level 4 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17299 Optics] by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* Mechanics by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne (Lectures & labs) & Eloise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17704 Mathematics for Physicists] by Prof. Fabrice Laussy (Lectures) and Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism I] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) and Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/14620 Quantum mechanics] by Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Lectures) & Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/9395 Scientific computing] by Prof. F.P. Laussy, Dr. E. del Valle, Dr. A. Nalitov and Dr. J. C. {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
<br />
== Level 5 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism II] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) & Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18065 Solid State Physics] by Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
* Mathematical Methods by Dr. Liam Naughton.<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18067 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics], by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18068 Quantum Physics], by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lecture) & Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua (Tutorials).<br />
* Numerical Methods, by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br />
<br />
= Academic calendar =<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:University-of-Wolverhampton---Academic-Calendar-2019.20.png|600px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Timetable =<br />
<br />
[[File:timetable-2019-20-v1.png|750px]]<br />
<br />
= Cohorts =<br />
<br />
Each cohort of Physicists in Wolverhampton gets named after an important physicist who changed his field, despite an off-the-beaten-track academic trajectory, in line with our own objectives and aspirations.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
<gallery heights=200px><br />
File:hanbury-brown.jpg|[[Hanbury Brown cohort]] (2017-2019)|link=[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]<br />
File:Jaynes.jpg|[[Jaynes cohort]]<br> (2018-2021)|link=[[Jaynes cohort]]<br />
File:Mollow.png|[[Mollow cohort]]<br> (2019-2022)|link=[[Mollow cohort]]<br />
</gallery><br />
</center><br />
<br />
Our first generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]''', named after the least conventional, most brilliant and greatest outsider physicist of the 20th century, in line with our seminal Physics course that is making a pioneering journey into a new branch of the University.<br />
<br />
Our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Jaynes cohort]]''', named after the out-of-the-box thinking theorist who challenged the Copenhagen interpretation with his celebrated Jaynes-Cumming model. Also a passionate university teacher, our tribute reminds us of our mission to bring together the best Physics in the classroom and in the literature.<br />
<br />
Our third generation of Wulfrunian Physicists is the '''[[Mollow cohort]]''', named after the maverick theorist who provided the first correct description of resonance fluorescence, i.e., the emission from an atom irradiated coherently at the frequency of its transition. This simple-looking problem is at the heart of quantum optics. The answer is, by the way, a triplet, known as the Mollow triplet.<br />
<br />
= Our Approach =<br />
<br />
Our approach strongly relies on modern pedagogical philosophy, based on active learning. More specifically, we echo at the local scale of our school the structure of science as it unravels at the top level. That is to say, we value notions such as collaborations (peer-teaching), various types of dissemination (oral and written, posters, short presentations), all to be archived as a scientific journal would do of its original content. In particular, we use research-led and research-based teaching, getting up to the standard of professional science right from the beginning and involving elements of ongoing research, to keep our students at the edges of things, at the same time as we bring them there from the very beginning of any standard high education, that is to say, from textbook material and the conventional academic content (Newtonian mechanics, optics, programming languages, etc.) As they explore these classics, the students apply research methods of self-examination, critical queries, actively working with the topics, rather than undertaking a passive exposure and working out exercises that usually consists in repeating a particular case. In the peer-teaching approach, students critically evaluate each other's works. All these approaches, always in some dose along others, are monitored to contribute to the state of the art of pedagogical research in physics education.<br />
<br />
The syllabus of the overall course reads as follow. You can find more course-specific content on [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/ Canvas] (you need to complete your module registration on [https://smsweb.wlv.ac.uk/urd/sits.urd/run/siw_lgn e:Vision] to access them).<br />
<br />
= Zeroth Year (Level 3) =<br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Physics (Foundation Year 3AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is the science of understanding, interpreting and engineering the physical universe. To do so, it relies on a broad set of other disciplines: from pure mathematics which describes fundamental physical laws - to experimental physics, providing both tests of the theory and further insights by systematic explorations or merely trials and errors. This module will first establish the foundations of the discipline, including scientific notations, physical units and dimensional analysis and a survey of mathematical representations of the physical world. It will then introduce the various tools, methods and ways of thinking of a physicist through a combined in-class/laboratory investigation of two of the key notions of physics, namely, oscillations and waves, and forces and energies. These will be illustrated from their manifestation in a range of disciplines, including optics, mechanics and electromagnetism. The emphasis will be on the phenomenology rather than on abstract and sophisticated models. The course is a good introduction to important notions used throughout the scientific spectrum and will provide adequate preparation for more in-depth studies, including for the BSc (Hons) Applied Physics.<br />
<br />
= First Year (Level 4) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
<br />
=== Optics (4AP001)===<br />
<br />
Optics is the Science of light. As our most privileged human contact with the surrounding world is through the eye, optics has always been a central topic in our description of the observable universe. Light is also one of the key technological resources with practical applications found in a variety of technologies and everyday objects, including mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, lasers and fibre optics. Because light is a particular type of electromagnetic waves (with frequencies close to those visible to the naked eye), optical phenomena are just a branch of classical electromagnetism. The full theory is so large however and this particular type is so important that it comes as topic of its own. The module will study two aspects of light: as rays (geometrical optics) and as waves (physical optics). The emphasis will be on geometrical optics with detailed study of optical instrumentation and their applications (magnifiers, cameras, microscope and telescopes, including human vision) in both the classroom and through laboratory sessions. The most important notions of physical optics that provide a more general framework to optical phenomena and prepare more advanced applications, such as interferometry, polarization and diffractive-optics, will be studied at a more introductory level. The module will also survey some advanced notions of photonics in the modern applications of light: the use of lasers, optical detectors, waveguides, fibers and devices for imaging, display and storage, to complete this first outlook on light.<br />
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<center>[[File:interferometer.jpg|350px|One of our interferometers, to study Michelson interferences.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematics (4MM011) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is an exact science and is articulated, even in its most applied and experimental aspects, through mathematics of various types and levels. Mathematics will therefore be a topic that will be studied in all years of the BSc (Hons) Physics course, to develop skills to enter employment fully armed with modern mathematical and numerical methods. The first year will refresh previous knowledge, in particular of calculus (of real and complex numbers), and move on from there to introduce basic real analysis (functions of one variable, trigonometry) assuring a working knowledge of integration and derivation. The bulk of the module will be on i) the theory of ordinary differential equations and ii) linear algebra. Both will be studied with practical considerations in mind but algebra will also be introduced as the study of abstract mathematical structures, with the study of sets, groups and vector spaces. The emphasis will remain on vector calculus and computation with matrices and tensors. Finally, rudimentary notions of probability will be studied, with statistics being covered in laboratory sessions. The module will conclude by introducing functions of several variables & their partial derivatives, to be revisited again on next year.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:markov-chain.png|300px|A matrix equation (for Markov chains)]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mechanics (4MM012) ===<br />
<br />
Mechanics is the epitome of physics: it describes and explains the behaviour of physical objects around us, from falling apples to orbiting planets. The first great achievement of Physics as a Science was Newton's understanding that the same laws describe both. The wide range of physical phenomena that can be explained from the laws of classical mechanics makes it a pillar of virtually all other scientific fields. This makes this topic one of the oldest and largest subjects in science, engineering and technology. The module will concentrate on Newtonian mechanics as an introduction to the methods and thinking of a physicist. It will also expand on this classical material to introduce more advanced ideas and concepts of Mechanics, including fluid mechanics, applied mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics. The other branch of mechanics, quantum mechanics, will be studied in a different module. The module will thus focus on the study of the motion of classical bodies and teach how to calculate in various reference frames their position, velocity and acceleration as a function of time under the action of applied forces, with applications to projectiles, astronomical bodies and macroscopic rigid bodies. Important concepts such as conservation laws and symmetry are introduced and studied in a plethora of variations. The dynamics of oscillators, in particular the harmonic oscillator, will be studied in great detail, with emphasis of how various terms in the equation correspond to various scenarios describing a physical object, with basic concepts such as driving and dissipation. The value and interest of exact (closed-form) solutions as compared to approximations will be highlighted.<br />
<br />
Laboratory sessions will be conducted to develop a firm grasp of Physics as an experimental and applied science, focusing on fundamentals such as the study of pendulums and springs, and reproducing pioneering experiments such as the free-falling objects of Galileo. Along with a traditional pen-and-paper approach, an introduction to fully automatised, computer-assisted modern laboratories will be given through a dynamic wireless smart-cart system.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:mini-launcher.jpg|250px|One of our mini launchers, to study the dynamics of falling bodies.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2==<br />
<br />
=== Quantum Mechanics (4AP003)===<br />
<br />
Quantum mechanics describes objects at small scales and low energies. Since our technology relies heavily on miniaturisation, quantum effects become increasingly important in the applied and engineering branches of physics. Every field of physics has its "quantum counterpart". Furthermore, quantum physics is so counter-intuitive that it makes a complete break with so-called "classical physics", even though the latter includes modern developments such as relativity that revolutionised our understanding of the nature of time and space. Being familiar with quantum concepts is not only important from the scientific viewpoint but also from cultural and philosophical point of views: from the quantum Zeno effect to Schrödinger's cat. Quantum physics is so pivotal in modern physics that some aspects of it will be studied in at all three levels of study in the BSc (Hons) Physics course.<br />
<br />
This level 4 module will introduce the problems with classical physics and the need for a paradigm change, how this was made through the concept of a wavefunction and its associated Schrödinger equation. Solving the latter on elementary cases with time-independent Hamiltonian will allow to delve into the interpretation and meaning of the theory. Its axiomatic formulation in an Hilbert space will introduce the formal and abstract aspects. The concept of quantum correlations will be introduced and contrasted to classical physics, with an introduction to the concepts leading to Bell's inequalities. Special emphasis will be given to applications of quantum physics and how it promises another technology revolution for the coming decades. The module will conclude on the two-body problem in quantum mechanics, introducing the notion of bosons and fermions.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:wavefunction.png|350px|The quantum wavefunction.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electromagnetism 1 (4AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is a Science of "unification", striving to find general fundamental principles that explain the largest possible extent of observed phenomena with the simplest set of physical laws. In this respect, electromagnetism is the standard theory that led to the unification of two important branches of physics: electricity and magnetism. Its further extension led to the "standard model" of particle physics. This level 4 module will bring us toward the culmination of the theory, namely Maxwell's equations, through preparatory study of vector calculus and in-depth separate analyses of the electric and magnetic fields. This will create familiarity with the respective phenomenology that are of considerable importance for the subject of applied physics. These phenomenon fall under the denomination of electrostatic (the science of electric charges) and magnetostatic (the science of magnets). Special emphasis will be given to electronic circuits as an applied illustration of important concepts of electrodynamics, and to support the laboratory sessions that will focus on these aspects.<br />
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<center>[[File:electrostatics.png|350px|One of our electrostatic kit, including a giant capacitor and Faraday ice pail.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Scientific Computing (4AP006)===<br />
<br />
With the advent and generalisation of computers, Science has taken a new turn. It is now possible to make breakthrough discoveries or reach record-breaking calculations with a standard home computer. Whilst this influences all of the Sciences, Physics is particularly affected since a physical problem is often reduced to solving an equation, which can usually be done numerically. The unique skillsets of Physicists in adapting computer resources to the wide variety of their problems make them highly sought in numerous areas extraneous to their speciality, such as in finance and banking, where they have proven to be the most versatile, resourceful and able users of computer simulations. Since numerical methods are a considerable resource, that will prove useful whatever the future occupation of any physicist will be, the topic will be studied throughout the course. <br />
<br />
This module will first introduce the use of computer resources in networking systems. The unix/linux-based scientific computing environment will be introduced for its scripting features, data processing tools as well as for the standard scientific document typesetting system (LaTeX). This environment will contribute to applications for the Enterprise and Employability Award through content-based rather than look-focused approach in setting up a resume, motivation letter and writting an application, and later for the preparation of Research-level scientific reports for the laboratory experiments. <br />
The module will then introduce basic algorithms and teach elementary numerical methods such as solving sets of linear equations, methods of interpolation, finding roots of nonlinear equations, evaluating integrals and will introduce direct methods for solving ordinary differential equations. The modules will be intensively based on laboratory sessions and practical work and will also teach the necessary programming skills. To endow the student with modern and powerful tools, the course will be taught in the Python programming language, which is a high-level language fairly easy to learn and affording great code readability. This will form a good starting point for development of other programming languages that will be needed on the professional market (where Python is also highly sought). It allows for interacting programming through ipython and Jupyter that is of great pedagogical value. All of these resources are open sources so students can study and apply their knowledge outside of the university.<br />
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<center>[[File:ipynb_flat.png|350px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Second Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Electromagnetism 2 (5AP001)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the material studied in the 4AP004-Electromagnetism I, which concluded with the presentation of Maxwell's equations, brought together by separate studies of electric and magnetic phenomena. This level 5 module combines the equations, adding the one final piece brought by Maxwell, and show how this complete description of the time-and-space varying electromagnetic field opens a whole new realm of physical phenomena and applications. The module will show in particular how light emerges out of the equations and, remarkably, how the speed of light in a vacuum arises as a universal constant that is dependent only on the electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space. It will study light's propagation subsequent to its radiation by a source, a problem known as "electrodynamics". The study of light's interaction with matter will allow to revisit one's knowledge of optics from a more fundamental point of view and better appreciate the hierarchy of the subfields of physics. Intensive laboratory sessions will provide insights through a variety of microwave experiments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:microwave-setup.png|350px|One of our kits to explore microwaves.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Solid State Physics (5AP002)===<br />
<br />
Solid state physics is an introduction to condensed matter physics, within which you will study the particular topic of widest interest: that of rigid matter. This topic is both better understood and of greatest practical use for technology and industry, the bulk of which relies on a particular types of solids—semiconductors—that provide the bulk material for electronic devices. Solid state physics considers how large-scale properties of solids arise from fundamental phenomena taking place in crystalline ordering of densely packed atoms. It is a rich and fruitful field that illustrates how simple ideas lead to extremely complex behaviours when involving many-body physics. It also brings together various subfields of physics, from classical to quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistics, to this playground and considers how various phenomena have different origins or, in contrast, stem from a combination of several disciplines. This develops the ability to explain something out of a simple model. Solid state physics focuses on the mechanical (e.g., hardness and elasticity), thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of crystals. This module will describe all these aspects in details with a joint theoretical description in class and laboratory experimentation, contrasting different types of solids as probed through these various characteristics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:diamagnetism.png|300px|Diamagnetism.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematical Methods (5AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will strengthen the mathematical apparatus required to support the increasing knowledge and depth of description of the physical phenomena, now extending to functions of several variables and their associated partial differential equations. Calculus of vector field will also be covered in parallel through the Electromagnism II module. Complex analysis will extend calculus to the case of complex functions of complex variables, showing the stronger notion of derivatives through the CauchyRiemann's theorem and the notion of analycity. The module will then starts a paradigm shift towards providing the "Mathematical Methods" which are useful in physics, that consist of specialized techniques and tools from a given Mathematical discipline, that the physicist does not usually need to know in its entirety. Finally, the study of dynamical systems will be studied with some emphasis on applications for Physics (bistability and hysteresis of nonlinear oscillators, laser thresholds, Liénard systems, relaxation oscillations, etc.) <br />
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<center>[[File:duffing-attractor.png|300px|The Duffing attractor, an example of a dynamical system.]]</center><br />
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== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics (5AP004) ===<br />
<br />
The unit to measure the "number of things", the mole, is unfathomably large, of the order of $10^{23}$ objects. In such conditions, describing a mole of, say, a gas, seems a daunting task, given the sheer amount of underlying constituents that interact between each other. It is one insight of thermodynamics and statistical physics that such complex objects can however be described, essentially completely and exactly with only a few variables. In fact, the larger the number of objects, the more accurate the description. An important illustration is the case of thermodynamics, the science of heat-flow and its relation to work, that is such a macroscopic consequence of statistical (and quantum) mechanics. An understanding of thermal physics is crucial, not only to modern physics, but also to chemistry, biology, computer science and, of course, several subfields of engineering. The module introduces key notions of statistical mechanics, with a strong emphasis on thermodynamics, but surveying also the other fields of interest for Physics, namely, solid state physics, optics and also complex systems.<br />
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<center>[[File:blackbody-radiation.png|350px|Our setup to measure blackbody radiation.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Quantum Physics (5AP005) ===<br />
<br />
This level 5 module on quantum mechanics will first extend the theory to a three-dimensional setting, taking advantage of a now better familiarity with more advanced mathematical tools, and then turn to applications of the theory to various cases and concepts of applied interest, including the description of the fundamental, and most common, atom in the universe: hydrogen. It will be shown how quantum mechanics explains the empirically observed spectroscopic lines of this and other chemical compounds. The physics of spin will be studied in detail, considering problems such as the dynamics of an electron in a magnetic field, already studied in the electromagnetism modules, being revisited here by the quantum theory. The addition of angular momenta will provide an opportunity to play with quantum algebra and see how quantum numbers behave in an unfamiliar fashion that requires much practice to be acquainted with. Useful and important computational techniques will be studied, such as perturbation theory, to provide a finer description of the hydrogen atom, or the variational principle, to study the molecule of Helium. Other techniques, such as the WKB approximation, adiabatic approximation, etc., will prepare the student for advanced use of the quantum theory in the description and understanding of the most contemporary systems and problems of modern physics, to be fully unravelled at level 6.<br />
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<center>[[File:sphericalharmonics.jpg|420px|Spherical harmonics describing the hydrogen atom.]]</center><br />
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=== Numerical Methods (5AP006)===<br />
<br />
This module will, in line with the expertise now acquired in the other disciplines of Physics, provide the tools to solve numerical problems that are time-dependent, in particular those involving fields. Concrete problems that arise from other modules, such as solving the heat equation in nontrivial geometries, computing a flow with various models and approximations, propagating a complex wavefunction or solving Maxwell equations, will be brought to the computer and studied there numerically, with emphasis on notions such as stability and convergence. This module will also provide a first experience with research-type problems involving the student's own analysis and judgement, to direct the most promising directions for further exploration.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:numerical-methods-level5.png|350px|Comparisons of various numerical methods.]]</center><br />
<br />
= Optional Third Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Sandwich Placement (5AP008) ==<br />
<br />
You have the opportunity to make a sandwich placement, somewhere in industry, a corporation, R&D center, hospital (medical Physics) or basically any place where you will be able to exercise your Physics skills and acquire new tricks, develop your network of contacts and prepare yourself a great future on the job market. This is optional. If you go through this route, you'll graduate after Level 6 on the fourth year.<br />
<br />
= Third Year (Level 6) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Modern Physics (6AP010) ===<br />
<br />
Modern Physics refers to the branches of physics that developed in the 20th century and beyond, extending the classical topics of mechanics and electromagnetism to the extreme conditions of very small sizes and/or high energies. The first breakup with classical physics was Einstein's theory of special relativity, that gave a new meaning to space and time. A first chapter of the module studies this pillar of modern physics, culminating with relativistic kinematics. The other breakup, that came with quantum theory, was so widespread and far-reaching that its material is studied independently in previous models of the course (quantum mechanics and quantum physics). This module focuses instead on its recent developments for the theory of information and towards technological applications. A success of modern physics is to describe all known particles in a unified, so-called standard model, that is overviewed at a phenomenological level, from elementary particles up to the nuclear model, presenting the two remaining forces of nature (weak and strong forces). A final chapter on general relativity, and how the curvature of spacetime describes gravitation, with some applications for cosmology, concludes this succinct picture of modern Physics. The module will allow students to get a good grip of the modern landscape of Physics as well as to be armed towards pursuing specialized Physics topics at a Master level in a broad variety of topics.<br />
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<center>[[File:black-hole.png|275px|First observation of a black hole.]]</center><br />
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=== Computational Physics (6AP002)===<br />
<br />
The mathematical and computational aspects of physics will be brought together in a single module to provide the tools required for the student to develop their own capacity in identifying and solving problems. Topics in Mathematics will include Fourier and Laplace analysis, variational calculus, Green functions, and Optimization. More computer-oriented topics will introduce students to the field that sits at the boundary of Physics and Mathematics and Computer Science and that emerges as a discipline of its own: known as "numerical experiments" (or "simulation experiment"). Topics in this subject will include Monte Carlo methods, theory of algorithms and some notion of complexity and information theory, as well as an introduction to parallel and distributed programming. Emphasis will be given to computational analysis of the systems studied in Condensed Matter physics module (6AP001).<br />
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<center>[[File:g2-monte-carlos.png|350px|A result of a computer experiment with photo-detection and its fit to theory.]]</center><br />
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=== Research 1 (6AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will prepare the level 6 student to undertake, under supervision, autonomous work in a University environment to produce original research. This will aid future employability, opening up the possibility to apply for a masters course or to join the most dynamic areas of the employment market place. This module will bring together all the skills developed and perfected up till now, including literature review, rapid understanding and distilling of considerable amounts of complex information, as well as a capacity to identify the required tools to tackle a problem. This first-semester module will present students with a set of problems, with various levels of laboratory, computer, and theory-based content (in most cases with a blend of all these). These problems will be discussed with a personal research-active tutor, so as to agree on a topic of mutual interest and the direction to explore. In this first stage, students will undertake a literature review and produce a scientific poster and written reports relating to research undertaken. The poster will be presented to the rest of the Physics students (including level 4 & 5 students), who will provide feedback and comments.<br />
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<center>[[File:Quiet-zone-400x296.jpg|300px|A popular place with Researchers.]]</center><br />
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== Semester 2 ==<br />
=== Condensed Matter Physics (6AP001) ===<br />
<br />
Condensed matter physics describes the wide variety of condensed phases of matter, including, but not limited to, the most familiar forms that are the liquid and solid states, whose dedicated study makes a topic of its own. Indeed, condensed matter extends to more exotic phases such as glasses, liquid crystals, quasi-crystals, plasmas, (anti)ferromagnets or non-Newtonian fluids (that change their viscosity or flow behaviour under stress), to name a few. Condensed matter also describes fundamental states of matter ruled by quantum phenomena, including Bose-Einstein condensates, superconductors that conduct electricity without losses, and superfluids that flow without resistance. As such, condensed matter relies extensively on a combination of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics. It is an advanced topic that requires a firm understanding of all these disciplines, that, when brought together, give rise to the emergence of new concepts, following Anderson's credo: "More is different". The module will cover such important modern notions of contemporary physics, including broken symmetries, order parameters and topology.<br />
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<center>[[File:giant-magnetoresistance.png|350px|Measurement of giant magnetoresistance.]]</center><br />
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=== Electrodynamics (6AP012) ===<br />
<br />
Electrodynamics is the science of the interaction between light and matter. This module brings together all the ingredients studied in details throughout the course, to give the final picture of how objects interact at the most fundamental level. The material starts in the wake of Electromagnetism II with radiation theory, or how accelerating charges produce electromagnetic fields. Then the classical theory of Maxwell equations is revisited from the point of view of special relativity, showing how the magnetic field emerges as a relativistic effect. In the second part of the module, we turn to the quantization of the electromagnetic field and its interaction with matter. We first complete the picture of the hydrogen atom from the Quantum Physics module, by studying its hyperfine structure and spontaneous emission. We then overview both the low and high-energy regimes of electrodynamics, with Dirac's equation for the electron and the Feynman diagrammatic rules on the one hand, and a study of the basic models of light-matter interactions that are resonance fluorescence, Rabi oscillations and the Jaynes-Cummings model, on the other hand.<br />
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<center>[[File:photoelectric.png|350px|One of our setup to detect single photons.]]</center><br />
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=== Research 2 (6AP009)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the "Research 1" module (6AP003), engaging students in active research related to an identified problem. A weekly meeting will bring together the student and their personal research-active tutor, and/or the rest of the class, to describe progress, ideas, problems and difficulties and, if applicable, results. At the end of the module, the student will provide i) a 15 minutes oral presentation in conference style, in front of a panel of referees who will ask questions on the research results, and a ii) written report in the form and style of a research article. In case of valuable results in a nontrivial problem, the latter will be submitted for publication and evaluated by research peers beyond the walls of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:prl-2017.png|300px|The portal of Phys. Rev. Lett.]]</center></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_BSc&diff=1241Physics BSc2019-11-27T13:39:28Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Semester 2 */</p>
<hr />
<div>:''All science is either Physics or stamp collecting.'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford Ernest Rutherford].<br />
<br />
We are studying the Universe in Wolverhampton, at all the levels. It starts with our B.Sc Physics course, where we learn about Mechanics&mdash;both classical and quantum&mdash;optics and the language of the firmament: Mathematics. We then proceed to the most beautiful equations, that of Maxwell, that describe light, tame computers and carry on to understand everything else, from the physics of a superconductor to black holes. This page will give you a short overview of the main features of our course. While most of the fastly moving, dynamically changing things happen in Canvas on a lecture per lecture basis, this webspace hosts the slower action that takes place at the deeper level, involving all the courses together. You should be pointed to it whenever your visit will be needed, but feel free to come back any time to consult any item of interest or see if things happen unnoticed.<br />
<br />
Useful links:<br />
<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/Academic_Calendar_2018-19.pdf Academic calendar 2018-19].<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/ Timetables for modules] (or directly to [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/module_1.asp?previous=0 the modules]).<br />
* [https://www.wlv.ac.uk/current-students/examinations--timetabling-/university-rooms/ Rooms].<br />
<br />
= Teaching Staff =<br />
<br />
Prof. [[Fabrice|Fabrice Laussy]] is the Director of Studies for Physics at the University, with responsibility for the success and well-being of all the enrolled students. Dr. [[Elena|Del Valle]] and [[Anton|Nalitov]] are lecturers of Quantum Optics and Condensed-Matter, respectively. Dr. [[Andrew|Gascoyne]] is a Lecturer of Mathematics. Dr. [[Camilo|{{lopezcarreno}}]] is a teaching assistant.<br />
<br />
<gallery perrow=3><br />
File:picture-fabrice.jpeg|Prof. Dr. Fabrice Laussy<br>[https://goo.gl/yYRqJK web] - [mailto:fabrice.laussy@gmail.com mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2270'''<br><small>Mathematics for Physics<br>Quantum Physics</small><br />
File:Elena-del-Valle-2019.jpg|Dr. Elena del Valle<br> - [mailto:e.delvalle@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2458'''<br><small>Electromagnetism I<br>Electromagnetism II<br>Foundation Year</small><br />
File:AntonNalitov.jpg|Dr. Anton Nalitov<br> - [mailto:A.Nalitov@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''1178'''<br><small>Optics<br>Thermal Physics</small><br />
File:Gascoyne_profile_photo2.jpg|Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br>[https://goo.gl/hFf752 web] - [mailto:A.D.Gascoyne@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 51'''8576'''<br><small>Mechanics<br>Scientific computing<br>Numerical Methods</small><br />
File:camilo-portrait-squared.jpg|Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}<br>[https://tinyurl.com/y5tlysgh web] - [mailto:J.LopezCarreno@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2187'''<br><small>Solid State<br>Quantum Mechanics</small><br />
File:SanaKhalid.jpeg|Sana Khalid<br>- [mailto:S.Khalid@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br><small>Mathematics<br>Quantum Mechanics</small> <br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
Our Academic Coach is Holly Herzberg – [mailto:Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk]. Please contact Sarah for support with problems which do not have a physics flavour.<br />
<br />
= Lectures =<br />
== Level 3 ==<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/16787 Foundation Year Physics] by Dr. del Valle, Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures) & Elouise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
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== Level 4 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17299 Optics] by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* Mechanics by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne (Lectures & labs) & Eloise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17704 Mathematics for Physicists] by Prof. Fabrice Laussy (Lectures) and Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism I] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) and Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/14620 Quantum mechanics] by Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Lectures) & Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/9395 Scientific computing] by Prof. F.P. Laussy, E. del Valle, A. Nalitov and J. C. {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
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== Level 5 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism II] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) & Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18065 Solid State Physics] by Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
* Mathematical Methods by Dr. Liam Naughton.<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18067 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics], by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18068 Quantum Physics], by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lecture) & Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua (Tutorials).<br />
* Numerical Methods, by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br />
<br />
= Academic calendar =<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:University-of-Wolverhampton---Academic-Calendar-2019.20.png|600px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Timetable =<br />
<br />
[[File:timetable-2019-20-v1.png|750px]]<br />
<br />
= Cohorts =<br />
<br />
Each cohort of Physicists in Wolverhampton gets named after an important physicist who changed his field, despite an off-the-beaten-track academic trajectory, in line with our own objectives and aspirations.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
<gallery heights=200px><br />
File:hanbury-brown.jpg|[[Hanbury Brown cohort]] (2017-2019)|link=[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]<br />
File:Jaynes.jpg|[[Jaynes cohort]]<br> (2018-2021)|link=[[Jaynes cohort]]<br />
File:Mollow.png|[[Mollow cohort]]<br> (2019-2022)|link=[[Mollow cohort]]<br />
</gallery><br />
</center><br />
<br />
Our first generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]''', named after the least conventional, most brilliant and greatest outsider physicist of the 20th century, in line with our seminal Physics course that is making a pioneering journey into a new branch of the University.<br />
<br />
Our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Jaynes cohort]]''', named after the out-of-the-box thinking theorist who challenged the Copenhagen interpretation with his celebrated Jaynes-Cumming model. Also a passionate university teacher, our tribute reminds us of our mission to bring together the best Physics in the classroom and in the literature.<br />
<br />
Our third generation of Wulfrunian Physicists is the '''[[Mollow cohort]]''', named after the maverick theorist who provided the first correct description of resonance fluorescence, i.e., the emission from an atom irradiated coherently at the frequency of its transition. This simple-looking problem is at the heart of quantum optics. The answer is, by the way, a triplet, known as the Mollow triplet.<br />
<br />
= Our Approach =<br />
<br />
Our approach strongly relies on modern pedagogical philosophy, based on active learning. More specifically, we echo at the local scale of our school the structure of science as it unravels at the top level. That is to say, we value notions such as collaborations (peer-teaching), various types of dissemination (oral and written, posters, short presentations), all to be archived as a scientific journal would do of its original content. In particular, we use research-led and research-based teaching, getting up to the standard of professional science right from the beginning and involving elements of ongoing research, to keep our students at the edges of things, at the same time as we bring them there from the very beginning of any standard high education, that is to say, from textbook material and the conventional academic content (Newtonian mechanics, optics, programming languages, etc.) As they explore these classics, the students apply research methods of self-examination, critical queries, actively working with the topics, rather than undertaking a passive exposure and working out exercises that usually consists in repeating a particular case. In the peer-teaching approach, students critically evaluate each other's works. All these approaches, always in some dose along others, are monitored to contribute to the state of the art of pedagogical research in physics education.<br />
<br />
The syllabus of the overall course reads as follow. You can find more course-specific content on [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/ Canvas] (you need to complete your module registration on [https://smsweb.wlv.ac.uk/urd/sits.urd/run/siw_lgn e:Vision] to access them).<br />
<br />
= Zeroth Year (Level 3) =<br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Physics (Foundation Year 3AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is the science of understanding, interpreting and engineering the physical universe. To do so, it relies on a broad set of other disciplines: from pure mathematics which describes fundamental physical laws - to experimental physics, providing both tests of the theory and further insights by systematic explorations or merely trials and errors. This module will first establish the foundations of the discipline, including scientific notations, physical units and dimensional analysis and a survey of mathematical representations of the physical world. It will then introduce the various tools, methods and ways of thinking of a physicist through a combined in-class/laboratory investigation of two of the key notions of physics, namely, oscillations and waves, and forces and energies. These will be illustrated from their manifestation in a range of disciplines, including optics, mechanics and electromagnetism. The emphasis will be on the phenomenology rather than on abstract and sophisticated models. The course is a good introduction to important notions used throughout the scientific spectrum and will provide adequate preparation for more in-depth studies, including for the BSc (Hons) Applied Physics.<br />
<br />
= First Year (Level 4) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
<br />
=== Optics (4AP001)===<br />
<br />
Optics is the Science of light. As our most privileged human contact with the surrounding world is through the eye, optics has always been a central topic in our description of the observable universe. Light is also one of the key technological resources with practical applications found in a variety of technologies and everyday objects, including mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, lasers and fibre optics. Because light is a particular type of electromagnetic waves (with frequencies close to those visible to the naked eye), optical phenomena are just a branch of classical electromagnetism. The full theory is so large however and this particular type is so important that it comes as topic of its own. The module will study two aspects of light: as rays (geometrical optics) and as waves (physical optics). The emphasis will be on geometrical optics with detailed study of optical instrumentation and their applications (magnifiers, cameras, microscope and telescopes, including human vision) in both the classroom and through laboratory sessions. The most important notions of physical optics that provide a more general framework to optical phenomena and prepare more advanced applications, such as interferometry, polarization and diffractive-optics, will be studied at a more introductory level. The module will also survey some advanced notions of photonics in the modern applications of light: the use of lasers, optical detectors, waveguides, fibers and devices for imaging, display and storage, to complete this first outlook on light.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:interferometer.jpg|350px|One of our interferometers, to study Michelson interferences.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematics (4MM011) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is an exact science and is articulated, even in its most applied and experimental aspects, through mathematics of various types and levels. Mathematics will therefore be a topic that will be studied in all years of the BSc (Hons) Physics course, to develop skills to enter employment fully armed with modern mathematical and numerical methods. The first year will refresh previous knowledge, in particular of calculus (of real and complex numbers), and move on from there to introduce basic real analysis (functions of one variable, trigonometry) assuring a working knowledge of integration and derivation. The bulk of the module will be on i) the theory of ordinary differential equations and ii) linear algebra. Both will be studied with practical considerations in mind but algebra will also be introduced as the study of abstract mathematical structures, with the study of sets, groups and vector spaces. The emphasis will remain on vector calculus and computation with matrices and tensors. Finally, rudimentary notions of probability will be studied, with statistics being covered in laboratory sessions. The module will conclude by introducing functions of several variables & their partial derivatives, to be revisited again on next year.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:markov-chain.png|300px|A matrix equation (for Markov chains)]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mechanics (4MM012) ===<br />
<br />
Mechanics is the epitome of physics: it describes and explains the behaviour of physical objects around us, from falling apples to orbiting planets. The first great achievement of Physics as a Science was Newton's understanding that the same laws describe both. The wide range of physical phenomena that can be explained from the laws of classical mechanics makes it a pillar of virtually all other scientific fields. This makes this topic one of the oldest and largest subjects in science, engineering and technology. The module will concentrate on Newtonian mechanics as an introduction to the methods and thinking of a physicist. It will also expand on this classical material to introduce more advanced ideas and concepts of Mechanics, including fluid mechanics, applied mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics. The other branch of mechanics, quantum mechanics, will be studied in a different module. The module will thus focus on the study of the motion of classical bodies and teach how to calculate in various reference frames their position, velocity and acceleration as a function of time under the action of applied forces, with applications to projectiles, astronomical bodies and macroscopic rigid bodies. Important concepts such as conservation laws and symmetry are introduced and studied in a plethora of variations. The dynamics of oscillators, in particular the harmonic oscillator, will be studied in great detail, with emphasis of how various terms in the equation correspond to various scenarios describing a physical object, with basic concepts such as driving and dissipation. The value and interest of exact (closed-form) solutions as compared to approximations will be highlighted.<br />
<br />
Laboratory sessions will be conducted to develop a firm grasp of Physics as an experimental and applied science, focusing on fundamentals such as the study of pendulums and springs, and reproducing pioneering experiments such as the free-falling objects of Galileo. Along with a traditional pen-and-paper approach, an introduction to fully automatised, computer-assisted modern laboratories will be given through a dynamic wireless smart-cart system.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:mini-launcher.jpg|250px|One of our mini launchers, to study the dynamics of falling bodies.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2==<br />
<br />
=== Quantum Mechanics (4AP003)===<br />
<br />
Quantum mechanics describes objects at small scales and low energies. Since our technology relies heavily on miniaturisation, quantum effects become increasingly important in the applied and engineering branches of physics. Every field of physics has its "quantum counterpart". Furthermore, quantum physics is so counter-intuitive that it makes a complete break with so-called "classical physics", even though the latter includes modern developments such as relativity that revolutionised our understanding of the nature of time and space. Being familiar with quantum concepts is not only important from the scientific viewpoint but also from cultural and philosophical point of views: from the quantum Zeno effect to Schrödinger's cat. Quantum physics is so pivotal in modern physics that some aspects of it will be studied in at all three levels of study in the BSc (Hons) Physics course.<br />
<br />
This level 4 module will introduce the problems with classical physics and the need for a paradigm change, how this was made through the concept of a wavefunction and its associated Schrödinger equation. Solving the latter on elementary cases with time-independent Hamiltonian will allow to delve into the interpretation and meaning of the theory. Its axiomatic formulation in an Hilbert space will introduce the formal and abstract aspects. The concept of quantum correlations will be introduced and contrasted to classical physics, with an introduction to the concepts leading to Bell's inequalities. Special emphasis will be given to applications of quantum physics and how it promises another technology revolution for the coming decades. The module will conclude on the two-body problem in quantum mechanics, introducing the notion of bosons and fermions.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:wavefunction.png|350px|The quantum wavefunction.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electromagnetism 1 (4AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is a Science of "unification", striving to find general fundamental principles that explain the largest possible extent of observed phenomena with the simplest set of physical laws. In this respect, electromagnetism is the standard theory that led to the unification of two important branches of physics: electricity and magnetism. Its further extension led to the "standard model" of particle physics. This level 4 module will bring us toward the culmination of the theory, namely Maxwell's equations, through preparatory study of vector calculus and in-depth separate analyses of the electric and magnetic fields. This will create familiarity with the respective phenomenology that are of considerable importance for the subject of applied physics. These phenomenon fall under the denomination of electrostatic (the science of electric charges) and magnetostatic (the science of magnets). Special emphasis will be given to electronic circuits as an applied illustration of important concepts of electrodynamics, and to support the laboratory sessions that will focus on these aspects.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:electrostatics.png|350px|One of our electrostatic kit, including a giant capacitor and Faraday ice pail.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Scientific Computing (4AP006)===<br />
<br />
With the advent and generalisation of computers, Science has taken a new turn. It is now possible to make breakthrough discoveries or reach record-breaking calculations with a standard home computer. Whilst this influences all of the Sciences, Physics is particularly affected since a physical problem is often reduced to solving an equation, which can usually be done numerically. The unique skillsets of Physicists in adapting computer resources to the wide variety of their problems make them highly sought in numerous areas extraneous to their speciality, such as in finance and banking, where they have proven to be the most versatile, resourceful and able users of computer simulations. Since numerical methods are a considerable resource, that will prove useful whatever the future occupation of any physicist will be, the topic will be studied throughout the course. <br />
<br />
This module will first introduce the use of computer resources in networking systems. The unix/linux-based scientific computing environment will be introduced for its scripting features, data processing tools as well as for the standard scientific document typesetting system (LaTeX). This environment will contribute to applications for the Enterprise and Employability Award through content-based rather than look-focused approach in setting up a resume, motivation letter and writting an application, and later for the preparation of Research-level scientific reports for the laboratory experiments. <br />
The module will then introduce basic algorithms and teach elementary numerical methods such as solving sets of linear equations, methods of interpolation, finding roots of nonlinear equations, evaluating integrals and will introduce direct methods for solving ordinary differential equations. The modules will be intensively based on laboratory sessions and practical work and will also teach the necessary programming skills. To endow the student with modern and powerful tools, the course will be taught in the Python programming language, which is a high-level language fairly easy to learn and affording great code readability. This will form a good starting point for development of other programming languages that will be needed on the professional market (where Python is also highly sought). It allows for interacting programming through ipython and Jupyter that is of great pedagogical value. All of these resources are open sources so students can study and apply their knowledge outside of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:ipynb_flat.png|350px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Second Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Electromagnetism 2 (5AP001)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the material studied in the 4AP004-Electromagnetism I, which concluded with the presentation of Maxwell's equations, brought together by separate studies of electric and magnetic phenomena. This level 5 module combines the equations, adding the one final piece brought by Maxwell, and show how this complete description of the time-and-space varying electromagnetic field opens a whole new realm of physical phenomena and applications. The module will show in particular how light emerges out of the equations and, remarkably, how the speed of light in a vacuum arises as a universal constant that is dependent only on the electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space. It will study light's propagation subsequent to its radiation by a source, a problem known as "electrodynamics". The study of light's interaction with matter will allow to revisit one's knowledge of optics from a more fundamental point of view and better appreciate the hierarchy of the subfields of physics. Intensive laboratory sessions will provide insights through a variety of microwave experiments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:microwave-setup.png|350px|One of our kits to explore microwaves.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Solid State Physics (5AP002)===<br />
<br />
Solid state physics is an introduction to condensed matter physics, within which you will study the particular topic of widest interest: that of rigid matter. This topic is both better understood and of greatest practical use for technology and industry, the bulk of which relies on a particular types of solids—semiconductors—that provide the bulk material for electronic devices. Solid state physics considers how large-scale properties of solids arise from fundamental phenomena taking place in crystalline ordering of densely packed atoms. It is a rich and fruitful field that illustrates how simple ideas lead to extremely complex behaviours when involving many-body physics. It also brings together various subfields of physics, from classical to quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistics, to this playground and considers how various phenomena have different origins or, in contrast, stem from a combination of several disciplines. This develops the ability to explain something out of a simple model. Solid state physics focuses on the mechanical (e.g., hardness and elasticity), thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of crystals. This module will describe all these aspects in details with a joint theoretical description in class and laboratory experimentation, contrasting different types of solids as probed through these various characteristics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:diamagnetism.png|300px|Diamagnetism.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematical Methods (5AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will strengthen the mathematical apparatus required to support the increasing knowledge and depth of description of the physical phenomena, now extending to functions of several variables and their associated partial differential equations. Calculus of vector field will also be covered in parallel through the Electromagnism II module. Complex analysis will extend calculus to the case of complex functions of complex variables, showing the stronger notion of derivatives through the CauchyRiemann's theorem and the notion of analycity. The module will then starts a paradigm shift towards providing the "Mathematical Methods" which are useful in physics, that consist of specialized techniques and tools from a given Mathematical discipline, that the physicist does not usually need to know in its entirety. Finally, the study of dynamical systems will be studied with some emphasis on applications for Physics (bistability and hysteresis of nonlinear oscillators, laser thresholds, Liénard systems, relaxation oscillations, etc.) <br />
<br />
<center>[[File:duffing-attractor.png|300px|The Duffing attractor, an example of a dynamical system.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics (5AP004) ===<br />
<br />
The unit to measure the "number of things", the mole, is unfathomably large, of the order of $10^{23}$ objects. In such conditions, describing a mole of, say, a gas, seems a daunting task, given the sheer amount of underlying constituents that interact between each other. It is one insight of thermodynamics and statistical physics that such complex objects can however be described, essentially completely and exactly with only a few variables. In fact, the larger the number of objects, the more accurate the description. An important illustration is the case of thermodynamics, the science of heat-flow and its relation to work, that is such a macroscopic consequence of statistical (and quantum) mechanics. An understanding of thermal physics is crucial, not only to modern physics, but also to chemistry, biology, computer science and, of course, several subfields of engineering. The module introduces key notions of statistical mechanics, with a strong emphasis on thermodynamics, but surveying also the other fields of interest for Physics, namely, solid state physics, optics and also complex systems.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:blackbody-radiation.png|350px|Our setup to measure blackbody radiation.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Quantum Physics (5AP005) ===<br />
<br />
This level 5 module on quantum mechanics will first extend the theory to a three-dimensional setting, taking advantage of a now better familiarity with more advanced mathematical tools, and then turn to applications of the theory to various cases and concepts of applied interest, including the description of the fundamental, and most common, atom in the universe: hydrogen. It will be shown how quantum mechanics explains the empirically observed spectroscopic lines of this and other chemical compounds. The physics of spin will be studied in detail, considering problems such as the dynamics of an electron in a magnetic field, already studied in the electromagnetism modules, being revisited here by the quantum theory. The addition of angular momenta will provide an opportunity to play with quantum algebra and see how quantum numbers behave in an unfamiliar fashion that requires much practice to be acquainted with. Useful and important computational techniques will be studied, such as perturbation theory, to provide a finer description of the hydrogen atom, or the variational principle, to study the molecule of Helium. Other techniques, such as the WKB approximation, adiabatic approximation, etc., will prepare the student for advanced use of the quantum theory in the description and understanding of the most contemporary systems and problems of modern physics, to be fully unravelled at level 6.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:sphericalharmonics.jpg|420px|Spherical harmonics describing the hydrogen atom.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Numerical Methods (5AP006)===<br />
<br />
This module will, in line with the expertise now acquired in the other disciplines of Physics, provide the tools to solve numerical problems that are time-dependent, in particular those involving fields. Concrete problems that arise from other modules, such as solving the heat equation in nontrivial geometries, computing a flow with various models and approximations, propagating a complex wavefunction or solving Maxwell equations, will be brought to the computer and studied there numerically, with emphasis on notions such as stability and convergence. This module will also provide a first experience with research-type problems involving the student's own analysis and judgement, to direct the most promising directions for further exploration.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:numerical-methods-level5.png|350px|Comparisons of various numerical methods.]]</center><br />
<br />
= Optional Third Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Sandwich Placement (5AP008) ==<br />
<br />
You have the opportunity to make a sandwich placement, somewhere in industry, a corporation, R&D center, hospital (medical Physics) or basically any place where you will be able to exercise your Physics skills and acquire new tricks, develop your network of contacts and prepare yourself a great future on the job market. This is optional. If you go through this route, you'll graduate after Level 6 on the fourth year.<br />
<br />
= Third Year (Level 6) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Modern Physics (6AP010) ===<br />
<br />
Modern Physics refers to the branches of physics that developed in the 20th century and beyond, extending the classical topics of mechanics and electromagnetism to the extreme conditions of very small sizes and/or high energies. The first breakup with classical physics was Einstein's theory of special relativity, that gave a new meaning to space and time. A first chapter of the module studies this pillar of modern physics, culminating with relativistic kinematics. The other breakup, that came with quantum theory, was so widespread and far-reaching that its material is studied independently in previous models of the course (quantum mechanics and quantum physics). This module focuses instead on its recent developments for the theory of information and towards technological applications. A success of modern physics is to describe all known particles in a unified, so-called standard model, that is overviewed at a phenomenological level, from elementary particles up to the nuclear model, presenting the two remaining forces of nature (weak and strong forces). A final chapter on general relativity, and how the curvature of spacetime describes gravitation, with some applications for cosmology, concludes this succinct picture of modern Physics. The module will allow students to get a good grip of the modern landscape of Physics as well as to be armed towards pursuing specialized Physics topics at a Master level in a broad variety of topics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:black-hole.png|275px|First observation of a black hole.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Computational Physics (6AP002)===<br />
<br />
The mathematical and computational aspects of physics will be brought together in a single module to provide the tools required for the student to develop their own capacity in identifying and solving problems. Topics in Mathematics will include Fourier and Laplace analysis, variational calculus, Green functions, and Optimization. More computer-oriented topics will introduce students to the field that sits at the boundary of Physics and Mathematics and Computer Science and that emerges as a discipline of its own: known as "numerical experiments" (or "simulation experiment"). Topics in this subject will include Monte Carlo methods, theory of algorithms and some notion of complexity and information theory, as well as an introduction to parallel and distributed programming. Emphasis will be given to computational analysis of the systems studied in Condensed Matter physics module (6AP001).<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:g2-monte-carlos.png|350px|A result of a computer experiment with photo-detection and its fit to theory.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 1 (6AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will prepare the level 6 student to undertake, under supervision, autonomous work in a University environment to produce original research. This will aid future employability, opening up the possibility to apply for a masters course or to join the most dynamic areas of the employment market place. This module will bring together all the skills developed and perfected up till now, including literature review, rapid understanding and distilling of considerable amounts of complex information, as well as a capacity to identify the required tools to tackle a problem. This first-semester module will present students with a set of problems, with various levels of laboratory, computer, and theory-based content (in most cases with a blend of all these). These problems will be discussed with a personal research-active tutor, so as to agree on a topic of mutual interest and the direction to explore. In this first stage, students will undertake a literature review and produce a scientific poster and written reports relating to research undertaken. The poster will be presented to the rest of the Physics students (including level 4 & 5 students), who will provide feedback and comments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:Quiet-zone-400x296.jpg|300px|A popular place with Researchers.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
=== Condensed Matter Physics (6AP001) ===<br />
<br />
Condensed matter physics describes the wide variety of condensed phases of matter, including, but not limited to, the most familiar forms that are the liquid and solid states, whose dedicated study makes a topic of its own. Indeed, condensed matter extends to more exotic phases such as glasses, liquid crystals, quasi-crystals, plasmas, (anti)ferromagnets or non-Newtonian fluids (that change their viscosity or flow behaviour under stress), to name a few. Condensed matter also describes fundamental states of matter ruled by quantum phenomena, including Bose-Einstein condensates, superconductors that conduct electricity without losses, and superfluids that flow without resistance. As such, condensed matter relies extensively on a combination of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics. It is an advanced topic that requires a firm understanding of all these disciplines, that, when brought together, give rise to the emergence of new concepts, following Anderson's credo: "More is different". The module will cover such important modern notions of contemporary physics, including broken symmetries, order parameters and topology.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:giant-magnetoresistance.png|350px|Measurement of giant magnetoresistance.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electrodynamics (6AP012) ===<br />
<br />
Electrodynamics is the science of the interaction between light and matter. This module brings together all the ingredients studied in details throughout the course, to give the final picture of how objects interact at the most fundamental level. The material starts in the wake of Electromagnetism II with radiation theory, or how accelerating charges produce electromagnetic fields. Then the classical theory of Maxwell equations is revisited from the point of view of special relativity, showing how the magnetic field emerges as a relativistic effect. In the second part of the module, we turn to the quantization of the electromagnetic field and its interaction with matter. We first complete the picture of the hydrogen atom from the Quantum Physics module, by studying its hyperfine structure and spontaneous emission. We then overview both the low and high-energy regimes of electrodynamics, with Dirac's equation for the electron and the Feynman diagrammatic rules on the one hand, and a study of the basic models of light-matter interactions that are resonance fluorescence, Rabi oscillations and the Jaynes-Cummings model, on the other hand.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photoelectric.png|350px|One of our setup to detect single photons.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 2 (6AP009)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the "Research 1" module (6AP003), engaging students in active research related to an identified problem. A weekly meeting will bring together the student and their personal research-active tutor, and/or the rest of the class, to describe progress, ideas, problems and difficulties and, if applicable, results. At the end of the module, the student will provide i) a 15 minutes oral presentation in conference style, in front of a panel of referees who will ask questions on the research results, and a ii) written report in the form and style of a research article. In case of valuable results in a nontrivial problem, the latter will be submitted for publication and evaluated by research peers beyond the walls of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:prl-2017.png|300px|The portal of Phys. Rev. Lett.]]</center></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_BSc&diff=1240Physics BSc2019-11-25T00:02:11Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Semester 1 */</p>
<hr />
<div>:''All science is either Physics or stamp collecting.'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford Ernest Rutherford].<br />
<br />
We are studying the Universe in Wolverhampton, at all the levels. It starts with our B.Sc Physics course, where we learn about Mechanics&mdash;both classical and quantum&mdash;optics and the language of the firmament: Mathematics. We then proceed to the most beautiful equations, that of Maxwell, that describe light, tame computers and carry on to understand everything else, from the physics of a superconductor to black holes. This page will give you a short overview of the main features of our course. While most of the fastly moving, dynamically changing things happen in Canvas on a lecture per lecture basis, this webspace hosts the slower action that takes place at the deeper level, involving all the courses together. You should be pointed to it whenever your visit will be needed, but feel free to come back any time to consult any item of interest or see if things happen unnoticed.<br />
<br />
Useful links:<br />
<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/Academic_Calendar_2018-19.pdf Academic calendar 2018-19].<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/ Timetables for modules] (or directly to [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/module_1.asp?previous=0 the modules]).<br />
* [https://www.wlv.ac.uk/current-students/examinations--timetabling-/university-rooms/ Rooms].<br />
<br />
= Teaching Staff =<br />
<br />
Prof. [[Fabrice|Fabrice Laussy]] is the Director of Studies for Physics at the University, with responsibility for the success and well-being of all the enrolled students. Dr. [[Elena|Del Valle]] and [[Anton|Nalitov]] are lecturers of Quantum Optics and Condensed-Matter, respectively. Dr. [[Andrew|Gascoyne]] is a Lecturer of Mathematics. Dr. [[Camilo|{{lopezcarreno}}]] is a teaching assistant.<br />
<br />
<gallery perrow=3><br />
File:picture-fabrice.jpeg|Prof. Dr. Fabrice Laussy<br>[https://goo.gl/yYRqJK web] - [mailto:fabrice.laussy@gmail.com mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2270'''<br><small>Mathematics for Physics<br>Quantum Physics</small><br />
File:Elena-del-Valle-2019.jpg|Dr. Elena del Valle<br> - [mailto:e.delvalle@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2458'''<br><small>Electromagnetism I<br>Electromagnetism II<br>Foundation Year</small><br />
File:AntonNalitov.jpg|Dr. Anton Nalitov<br> - [mailto:A.Nalitov@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''1178'''<br><small>Optics<br>Thermal Physics</small><br />
File:Gascoyne_profile_photo2.jpg|Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br>[https://goo.gl/hFf752 web] - [mailto:A.D.Gascoyne@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 51'''8576'''<br><small>Mechanics<br>Scientific computing<br>Numerical Methods</small><br />
File:camilo-portrait-squared.jpg|Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}<br>[https://tinyurl.com/y5tlysgh web] - [mailto:J.LopezCarreno@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2187'''<br><small>Solid State<br>Quantum Mechanics</small><br />
File:SanaKhalid.jpeg|Sana Khalid<br>- [mailto:S.Khalid@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br><small>Mathematics<br>Quantum Mechanics</small> <br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
Our Academic Coach is Holly Herzberg – [mailto:Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk]. Please contact Sarah for support with problems which do not have a physics flavour.<br />
<br />
= Lectures =<br />
== Level 3 ==<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/16787 Foundation Year Physics] by Dr. del Valle, Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures) & Elouise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
<br />
== Level 4 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17299 Optics] by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* Mechanics by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne (Lectures & labs) & Eloise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17704 Mathematics for Physicists] by Prof. Fabrice Laussy (Lectures) and Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism I] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) and Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/14620 Quantum mechanics] by Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Lectures) & Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/9395 Scientific computing] by Prof. F.P. Laussy, E. del Valle, A. Nalitov and J. C. {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
<br />
== Level 5 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism II] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) & Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18065 Solid State Physics] by Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
* Mathematical Methods by Dr. Liam Naughton.<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18067 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics], by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18068 Quantum Physics], by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lecture) & Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua (Tutorials).<br />
* Numerical Methods, by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br />
<br />
= Academic calendar =<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:University-of-Wolverhampton---Academic-Calendar-2019.20.png|600px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Timetable =<br />
<br />
[[File:timetable-2019-20-v1.png|750px]]<br />
<br />
= Cohorts =<br />
<br />
Each cohort of Physicists in Wolverhampton gets named after an important physicist who changed his field, despite an off-the-beaten-track academic trajectory, in line with our own objectives and aspirations.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
<gallery heights=200px><br />
File:hanbury-brown.jpg|[[Hanbury Brown cohort]] (2017-2019)|link=[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]<br />
File:Jaynes.jpg|[[Jaynes cohort]]<br> (2018-2021)|link=[[Jaynes cohort]]<br />
File:Mollow.png|[[Mollow cohort]]<br> (2019-2022)|link=[[Mollow cohort]]<br />
</gallery><br />
</center><br />
<br />
Our first generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]''', named after the least conventional, most brilliant and greatest outsider physicist of the 20th century, in line with our seminal Physics course that is making a pioneering journey into a new branch of the University.<br />
<br />
Our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Jaynes cohort]]''', named after the out-of-the-box thinking theorist who challenged the Copenhagen interpretation with his celebrated Jaynes-Cumming model. Also a passionate university teacher, our tribute reminds us of our mission to bring together the best Physics in the classroom and in the literature.<br />
<br />
Our third generation of Wulfrunian Physicists is the '''[[Mollow cohort]]''', named after the maverick theorist who provided the first correct description of resonance fluorescence, i.e., the emission from an atom irradiated coherently at the frequency of its transition. This simple-looking problem is at the heart of quantum optics. The answer is, by the way, a triplet, known as the Mollow triplet.<br />
<br />
= Our Approach =<br />
<br />
Our approach strongly relies on modern pedagogical philosophy, based on active learning. More specifically, we echo at the local scale of our school the structure of science as it unravels at the top level. That is to say, we value notions such as collaborations (peer-teaching), various types of dissemination (oral and written, posters, short presentations), all to be archived as a scientific journal would do of its original content. In particular, we use research-led and research-based teaching, getting up to the standard of professional science right from the beginning and involving elements of ongoing research, to keep our students at the edges of things, at the same time as we bring them there from the very beginning of any standard high education, that is to say, from textbook material and the conventional academic content (Newtonian mechanics, optics, programming languages, etc.) As they explore these classics, the students apply research methods of self-examination, critical queries, actively working with the topics, rather than undertaking a passive exposure and working out exercises that usually consists in repeating a particular case. In the peer-teaching approach, students critically evaluate each other's works. All these approaches, always in some dose along others, are monitored to contribute to the state of the art of pedagogical research in physics education.<br />
<br />
The syllabus of the overall course reads as follow. You can find more course-specific content on [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/ Canvas] (you need to complete your module registration on [https://smsweb.wlv.ac.uk/urd/sits.urd/run/siw_lgn e:Vision] to access them).<br />
<br />
= Zeroth Year (Level 3) =<br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Physics (Foundation Year 3AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is the science of understanding, interpreting and engineering the physical universe. To do so, it relies on a broad set of other disciplines: from pure mathematics which describes fundamental physical laws - to experimental physics, providing both tests of the theory and further insights by systematic explorations or merely trials and errors. This module will first establish the foundations of the discipline, including scientific notations, physical units and dimensional analysis and a survey of mathematical representations of the physical world. It will then introduce the various tools, methods and ways of thinking of a physicist through a combined in-class/laboratory investigation of two of the key notions of physics, namely, oscillations and waves, and forces and energies. These will be illustrated from their manifestation in a range of disciplines, including optics, mechanics and electromagnetism. The emphasis will be on the phenomenology rather than on abstract and sophisticated models. The course is a good introduction to important notions used throughout the scientific spectrum and will provide adequate preparation for more in-depth studies, including for the BSc (Hons) Applied Physics.<br />
<br />
= First Year (Level 4) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
<br />
=== Optics (4AP001)===<br />
<br />
Optics is the Science of light. As our most privileged human contact with the surrounding world is through the eye, optics has always been a central topic in our description of the observable universe. Light is also one of the key technological resources with practical applications found in a variety of technologies and everyday objects, including mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, lasers and fibre optics. Because light is a particular type of electromagnetic waves (with frequencies close to those visible to the naked eye), optical phenomena are just a branch of classical electromagnetism. The full theory is so large however and this particular type is so important that it comes as topic of its own. The module will study two aspects of light: as rays (geometrical optics) and as waves (physical optics). The emphasis will be on geometrical optics with detailed study of optical instrumentation and their applications (magnifiers, cameras, microscope and telescopes, including human vision) in both the classroom and through laboratory sessions. The most important notions of physical optics that provide a more general framework to optical phenomena and prepare more advanced applications, such as interferometry, polarization and diffractive-optics, will be studied at a more introductory level. The module will also survey some advanced notions of photonics in the modern applications of light: the use of lasers, optical detectors, waveguides, fibers and devices for imaging, display and storage, to complete this first outlook on light.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:interferometer.jpg|350px|One of our interferometers, to study Michelson interferences.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematics (4MM011) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is an exact science and is articulated, even in its most applied and experimental aspects, through mathematics of various types and levels. Mathematics will therefore be a topic that will be studied in all years of the BSc (Hons) Physics course, to develop skills to enter employment fully armed with modern mathematical and numerical methods. The first year will refresh previous knowledge, in particular of calculus (of real and complex numbers), and move on from there to introduce basic real analysis (functions of one variable, trigonometry) assuring a working knowledge of integration and derivation. The bulk of the module will be on i) the theory of ordinary differential equations and ii) linear algebra. Both will be studied with practical considerations in mind but algebra will also be introduced as the study of abstract mathematical structures, with the study of sets, groups and vector spaces. The emphasis will remain on vector calculus and computation with matrices and tensors. Finally, rudimentary notions of probability will be studied, with statistics being covered in laboratory sessions. The module will conclude by introducing functions of several variables & their partial derivatives, to be revisited again on next year.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:markov-chain.png|300px|A matrix equation (for Markov chains)]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mechanics (4MM012) ===<br />
<br />
Mechanics is the epitome of physics: it describes and explains the behaviour of physical objects around us, from falling apples to orbiting planets. The first great achievement of Physics as a Science was Newton's understanding that the same laws describe both. The wide range of physical phenomena that can be explained from the laws of classical mechanics makes it a pillar of virtually all other scientific fields. This makes this topic one of the oldest and largest subjects in science, engineering and technology. The module will concentrate on Newtonian mechanics as an introduction to the methods and thinking of a physicist. It will also expand on this classical material to introduce more advanced ideas and concepts of Mechanics, including fluid mechanics, applied mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics. The other branch of mechanics, quantum mechanics, will be studied in a different module. The module will thus focus on the study of the motion of classical bodies and teach how to calculate in various reference frames their position, velocity and acceleration as a function of time under the action of applied forces, with applications to projectiles, astronomical bodies and macroscopic rigid bodies. Important concepts such as conservation laws and symmetry are introduced and studied in a plethora of variations. The dynamics of oscillators, in particular the harmonic oscillator, will be studied in great detail, with emphasis of how various terms in the equation correspond to various scenarios describing a physical object, with basic concepts such as driving and dissipation. The value and interest of exact (closed-form) solutions as compared to approximations will be highlighted.<br />
<br />
Laboratory sessions will be conducted to develop a firm grasp of Physics as an experimental and applied science, focusing on fundamentals such as the study of pendulums and springs, and reproducing pioneering experiments such as the free-falling objects of Galileo. Along with a traditional pen-and-paper approach, an introduction to fully automatised, computer-assisted modern laboratories will be given through a dynamic wireless smart-cart system.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:mini-launcher.jpg|250px|One of our mini launchers, to study the dynamics of falling bodies.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2==<br />
<br />
=== Quantum Mechanics (4AP003)===<br />
<br />
Quantum mechanics describes objects at small scales and low energies. Since our technology relies heavily on miniaturisation, quantum effects become increasingly important in the applied and engineering branches of physics. Every field of physics has its "quantum counterpart". Furthermore, quantum physics is so counter-intuitive that it makes a complete break with so-called "classical physics", even though the latter includes modern developments such as relativity that revolutionised our understanding of the nature of time and space. Being familiar with quantum concepts is not only important from the scientific viewpoint but also from cultural and philosophical point of views: from the quantum Zeno effect to Schrödinger's cat. Quantum physics is so pivotal in modern physics that some aspects of it will be studied in at all three levels of study in the BSc (Hons) Physics course.<br />
<br />
This level 4 module will introduce the problems with classical physics and the need for a paradigm change, how this was made through the concept of a wavefunction and its associated Schrödinger equation. Solving the latter on elementary cases with time-independent Hamiltonian will allow to delve into the interpretation and meaning of the theory. Its axiomatic formulation in an Hilbert space will introduce the formal and abstract aspects. The concept of quantum correlations will be introduced and contrasted to classical physics, with an introduction to the concepts leading to Bell's inequalities. Special emphasis will be given to applications of quantum physics and how it promises another technology revolution for the coming decades. The module will conclude on the two-body problem in quantum mechanics, introducing the notion of bosons and fermions.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:wavefunction.png|350px|The quantum wavefunction.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electromagnetism 1 (4AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is a Science of "unification", striving to find general fundamental principles that explain the largest possible extent of observed phenomena with the simplest set of physical laws. In this respect, electromagnetism is the standard theory that led to the unification of two important branches of physics: electricity and magnetism. Its further extension led to the "standard model" of particle physics. This level 4 module will bring us toward the culmination of the theory, namely Maxwell's equations, through preparatory study of vector calculus and in-depth separate analyses of the electric and magnetic fields. This will create familiarity with the respective phenomenology that are of considerable importance for the subject of applied physics. These phenomenon fall under the denomination of electrostatic (the science of electric charges) and magnetostatic (the science of magnets). Special emphasis will be given to electronic circuits as an applied illustration of important concepts of electrodynamics, and to support the laboratory sessions that will focus on these aspects.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:electrostatics.png|350px|One of our electrostatic kit, including a giant capacitor and Faraday ice pail.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Scientific Computing (4AP006)===<br />
<br />
With the advent and generalisation of computers, Science has taken a new turn. It is now possible to make breakthrough discoveries or reach record-breaking calculations with a standard home computer. Whilst this influences all of the Sciences, Physics is particularly affected since a physical problem is often reduced to solving an equation, which can usually be done numerically. The unique skillsets of Physicists in adapting computer resources to the wide variety of their problems make them highly sought in numerous areas extraneous to their speciality, such as in finance and banking, where they have proven to be the most versatile, resourceful and able users of computer simulations. Since numerical methods are a considerable resource, that will prove useful whatever the future occupation of any physicist will be, the topic will be studied throughout the course. <br />
<br />
This module will first introduce the use of computer resources in networking systems. The unix/linux-based scientific computing environment will be introduced for its scripting features, data processing tools as well as for the standard scientific document typesetting system (LaTeX). This environment will contribute to applications for the Enterprise and Employability Award through content-based rather than look-focused approach in setting up a resume, motivation letter and writting an application, and later for the preparation of Research-level scientific reports for the laboratory experiments. <br />
The module will then introduce basic algorithms and teach elementary numerical methods such as solving sets of linear equations, methods of interpolation, finding roots of nonlinear equations, evaluating integrals and will introduce direct methods for solving ordinary differential equations. The modules will be intensively based on laboratory sessions and practical work and will also teach the necessary programming skills. To endow the student with modern and powerful tools, the course will be taught in the Python programming language, which is a high-level language fairly easy to learn and affording great code readability. This will form a good starting point for development of other programming languages that will be needed on the professional market (where Python is also highly sought). It allows for interacting programming through ipython and Jupyter that is of great pedagogical value. All of these resources are open sources so students can study and apply their knowledge outside of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:ipynb_flat.png|350px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Second Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Electromagnetism 2 (5AP001)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the material studied in the 4AP004-Electromagnetism I, which concluded with the presentation of Maxwell's equations, brought together by separate studies of electric and magnetic phenomena. This level 5 module combines the equations, adding the one final piece brought by Maxwell, and show how this complete description of the time-and-space varying electromagnetic field opens a whole new realm of physical phenomena and applications. The module will show in particular how light emerges out of the equations and, remarkably, how the speed of light in a vacuum arises as a universal constant that is dependent only on the electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space. It will study light's propagation subsequent to its radiation by a source, a problem known as "electrodynamics". The study of light's interaction with matter will allow to revisit one's knowledge of optics from a more fundamental point of view and better appreciate the hierarchy of the subfields of physics. Intensive laboratory sessions will provide insights through a variety of microwave experiments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:microwave-setup.png|350px|One of our kits to explore microwaves.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Solid State Physics (5AP002)===<br />
<br />
Solid state physics is an introduction to condensed matter physics, within which you will study the particular topic of widest interest: that of rigid matter. This topic is both better understood and of greatest practical use for technology and industry, the bulk of which relies on a particular types of solids—semiconductors—that provide the bulk material for electronic devices. Solid state physics considers how large-scale properties of solids arise from fundamental phenomena taking place in crystalline ordering of densely packed atoms. It is a rich and fruitful field that illustrates how simple ideas lead to extremely complex behaviours when involving many-body physics. It also brings together various subfields of physics, from classical to quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistics, to this playground and considers how various phenomena have different origins or, in contrast, stem from a combination of several disciplines. This develops the ability to explain something out of a simple model. Solid state physics focuses on the mechanical (e.g., hardness and elasticity), thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of crystals. This module will describe all these aspects in details with a joint theoretical description in class and laboratory experimentation, contrasting different types of solids as probed through these various characteristics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:diamagnetism.png|300px|Diamagnetism.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematical Methods (5AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will strengthen the mathematical apparatus required to support the increasing knowledge and depth of description of the physical phenomena, now extending to functions of several variables and their associated partial differential equations. Calculus of vector field will also be covered in parallel through the Electromagnism II module. Complex analysis will extend calculus to the case of complex functions of complex variables, showing the stronger notion of derivatives through the CauchyRiemann's theorem and the notion of analycity. The module will then starts a paradigm shift towards providing the "Mathematical Methods" which are useful in physics, that consist of specialized techniques and tools from a given Mathematical discipline, that the physicist does not usually need to know in its entirety. Finally, the study of dynamical systems will be studied with some emphasis on applications for Physics (bistability and hysteresis of nonlinear oscillators, laser thresholds, Liénard systems, relaxation oscillations, etc.) <br />
<br />
<center>[[File:duffing-attractor.png|300px|The Duffing attractor, an example of a dynamical system.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics (5AP004) ===<br />
<br />
The unit to measure the "number of things", the mole, is unfathomably large, of the order of $10^{23}$ objects. In such conditions, describing a mole of, say, a gas, seems a daunting task, given the sheer amount of underlying constituents that interact between each other. It is one insight of thermodynamics and statistical physics that such complex objects can however be described, essentially completely and exactly with only a few variables. In fact, the larger the number of objects, the more accurate the description. An important illustration is the case of thermodynamics, the science of heat-flow and its relation to work, that is such a macroscopic consequence of statistical (and quantum) mechanics. An understanding of thermal physics is crucial, not only to modern physics, but also to chemistry, biology, computer science and, of course, several subfields of engineering. The module introduces key notions of statistical mechanics, with a strong emphasis on thermodynamics, but surveying also the other fields of interest for Physics, namely, solid state physics, optics and also complex systems.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:blackbody-radiation.png|350px|Our setup to measure blackbody radiation.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Quantum Physics (5AP005) ===<br />
<br />
This level 5 module on quantum mechanics will first extend the theory to a three-dimensional setting, taking advantage of a now better familiarity with more advanced mathematical tools, and then turn to applications of the theory to various cases and concepts of applied interest, including the description of the fundamental, and most common, atom in the universe: hydrogen. It will be shown how quantum mechanics explains the empirically observed spectroscopic lines of this and other chemical compounds. The physics of spin will be studied in detail, considering problems such as the dynamics of an electron in a magnetic field, already studied in the electromagnetism modules, being revisited here by the quantum theory. The addition of angular momenta will provide an opportunity to play with quantum algebra and see how quantum numbers behave in an unfamiliar fashion that requires much practice to be acquainted with. Useful and important computational techniques will be studied, such as perturbation theory, to provide a finer description of the hydrogen atom, or the variational principle, to study the molecule of Helium. Other techniques, such as the WKB approximation, adiabatic approximation, etc., will prepare the student for advanced use of the quantum theory in the description and understanding of the most contemporary systems and problems of modern physics, to be fully unravelled at level 6.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:sphericalharmonics.jpg|420px|Spherical harmonics describing the hydrogen atom.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Numerical Methods (5AP006)===<br />
<br />
This module will, in line with the expertise now acquired in the other disciplines of Physics, provide the tools to solve numerical problems that are time-dependent, in particular those involving fields. Concrete problems that arise from other modules, such as solving the heat equation in nontrivial geometries, computing a flow with various models and approximations, propagating a complex wavefunction or solving Maxwell equations, will be brought to the computer and studied there numerically, with emphasis on notions such as stability and convergence. This module will also provide a first experience with research-type problems involving the student's own analysis and judgement, to direct the most promising directions for further exploration.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:numerical-methods-level5.png|350px|Comparisons of various numerical methods.]]</center><br />
<br />
= Optional Third Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Sandwich Placement (5AP008) ==<br />
<br />
You have the opportunity to make a sandwich placement, somewhere in industry, a corporation, R&D center, hospital (medical Physics) or basically any place where you will be able to exercise your Physics skills and acquire new tricks, develop your network of contacts and prepare yourself a great future on the job market. This is optional. If you go through this route, you'll graduate after Level 6 on the fourth year.<br />
<br />
= Third Year (Level 6) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Modern Physics (6AP010) ===<br />
<br />
Modern Physics refers to the branches of physics that developed in the 20th century and beyond, extending the classical topics of mechanics and electromagnetism to the extreme conditions of very small sizes and/or high energies. The first breakup with classical physics was Einstein's theory of special relativity, that gave a new meaning to space and time. A first chapter of the module studies this pillar of modern physics, culminating with relativistic kinematics. The other breakup, that came with quantum theory, was so widespread and far-reaching that its material is studied independently in previous models of the course (quantum mechanics and quantum physics). This module focuses instead on its recent developments for the theory of information and towards technological applications. A success of modern physics is to describe all known particles in a unified, so-called standard model, that is overviewed at a phenomenological level, from elementary particles up to the nuclear model, presenting the two remaining forces of nature (weak and strong forces). A final chapter on general relativity, and how the curvature of spacetime describes gravitation, with some applications for cosmology, concludes this succinct picture of modern Physics. The module will allow students to get a good grip of the modern landscape of Physics as well as to be armed towards pursuing specialized Physics topics at a Master level in a broad variety of topics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:black-hole.png|275px|First observation of a black hole.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Computational Physics (6AP002)===<br />
<br />
The mathematical and computational aspects of physics will be brought together in a single module to provide the tools required for the student to develop their own capacity in identifying and solving problems. Topics in Mathematics will include Fourier and Laplace analysis, variational calculus, Green functions, and Optimization. More computer-oriented topics will introduce students to the field that sits at the boundary of Physics and Mathematics and Computer Science and that emerges as a discipline of its own: known as "numerical experiments" (or "simulation experiment"). Topics in this subject will include Monte Carlo methods, theory of algorithms and some notion of complexity and information theory, as well as an introduction to parallel and distributed programming. Emphasis will be given to computational analysis of the systems studied in Condensed Matter physics module (6AP001).<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:g2-monte-carlos.png|350px|A result of a computer experiment with photo-detection and its fit to theory.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 1 (6AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will prepare the level 6 student to undertake, under supervision, autonomous work in a University environment to produce original research. This will aid future employability, opening up the possibility to apply for a masters course or to join the most dynamic areas of the employment market place. This module will bring together all the skills developed and perfected up till now, including literature review, rapid understanding and distilling of considerable amounts of complex information, as well as a capacity to identify the required tools to tackle a problem. This first-semester module will present students with a set of problems, with various levels of laboratory, computer, and theory-based content (in most cases with a blend of all these). These problems will be discussed with a personal research-active tutor, so as to agree on a topic of mutual interest and the direction to explore. In this first stage, students will undertake a literature review and produce a scientific poster and written reports relating to research undertaken. The poster will be presented to the rest of the Physics students (including level 4 & 5 students), who will provide feedback and comments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:Quiet-zone-400x296.jpg|300px|A popular place with Researchers.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
=== Condensed Matter Physics (6AP001) ===<br />
<br />
Condensed matter physics describes the wide variety of condensed phases of matter, including, but not limited to, the most familiar forms that are the liquid and solid states, whose dedicated study makes a topic of its own. Indeed, condensed matter extends to more exotic phases such as glasses, liquid crystals, quasi-crystals, plasmas, (anti)ferromagnets or non-Newtonian fluids (that change their viscosity or flow behaviour under stress), to name a few. Condensed matter also describes fundamental states of matter ruled by quantum phenomena, including Bose-Einstein condensates, superconductors that conduct electricity without losses, and superfluids that flow without resistance. As such, condensed matter relies extensively on a combination of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics. It is an advanced topic that requires a firm understanding of all these disciplines, that, when brought together, give rise to the emergence of new concepts, following Anderson's credo: "More is different". The module will cover such important modern notions of contemporary physics, including broken symmetries, order parameters and topology.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:giant-magnetoresistance.png|350px|Measurement of giant magnetoresistance.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electrodynamics (6AP012) ===<br />
<br />
Electrodynamics is the science of the interaction between light and matter. This module brings together all the ingredients studied in details throughout the course, to give the final picture of how objects interact at the most fundamental level. The material starts in the wake of Electromagnetism II with radiation theory, or how accelerating charges produce electromagnetic fields. Then the classical theory of Maxwell equations is revisited from the point of view of special relativity, showing how the magnetic field emerges as a relativistic effect. In the second part of the module, we turn to the quantization of the electromagnetic field and its interaction with matter. We first complete the picture of the hydrogen atom from the Quantum Physics module, by studying its hyperfine structure and spontaneous emission. We then overview both the low and high-energy regimes of electrodynamics, with Dirac's equation for the electron and the Feynman diagrammatic rules on the one hand, and a study of the basic models of light-matter interactions that are resonance fluorescence, Rabi oscillations and the Jaynes-Cummings model, on the other hand.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photoelectric.png|350px|One of our setup to detect single photons.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 2 (6AP009)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the "Research 1" module (6AP003), engaging students in active research related to an identified problem. A weekly meeting will bring together the student and their personal research-active tutor, and/or the rest of the class, to describe progress, ideas, problems and difficulties and, if applicable, results. At the end of the module, the student will provide i) a 15 minutes oral presentation in conference style, in front of a panel of referees who will ask questions on the research results, and a ii) written report in the form and style of a research article. In case of valuable results in a nontrivial problem, the latter will be submitted for publication and evaluated by research peers beyond the walls of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:prl-2017.png|300px|The portal of Phys. Rev. Lett.]]</center></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_BSc&diff=1239Physics BSc2019-11-25T00:01:45Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Semester 1 */</p>
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<div>:''All science is either Physics or stamp collecting.'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford Ernest Rutherford].<br />
<br />
We are studying the Universe in Wolverhampton, at all the levels. It starts with our B.Sc Physics course, where we learn about Mechanics&mdash;both classical and quantum&mdash;optics and the language of the firmament: Mathematics. We then proceed to the most beautiful equations, that of Maxwell, that describe light, tame computers and carry on to understand everything else, from the physics of a superconductor to black holes. This page will give you a short overview of the main features of our course. While most of the fastly moving, dynamically changing things happen in Canvas on a lecture per lecture basis, this webspace hosts the slower action that takes place at the deeper level, involving all the courses together. You should be pointed to it whenever your visit will be needed, but feel free to come back any time to consult any item of interest or see if things happen unnoticed.<br />
<br />
Useful links:<br />
<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/Academic_Calendar_2018-19.pdf Academic calendar 2018-19].<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/ Timetables for modules] (or directly to [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/module_1.asp?previous=0 the modules]).<br />
* [https://www.wlv.ac.uk/current-students/examinations--timetabling-/university-rooms/ Rooms].<br />
<br />
= Teaching Staff =<br />
<br />
Prof. [[Fabrice|Fabrice Laussy]] is the Director of Studies for Physics at the University, with responsibility for the success and well-being of all the enrolled students. Dr. [[Elena|Del Valle]] and [[Anton|Nalitov]] are lecturers of Quantum Optics and Condensed-Matter, respectively. Dr. [[Andrew|Gascoyne]] is a Lecturer of Mathematics. Dr. [[Camilo|{{lopezcarreno}}]] is a teaching assistant.<br />
<br />
<gallery perrow=3><br />
File:picture-fabrice.jpeg|Prof. Dr. Fabrice Laussy<br>[https://goo.gl/yYRqJK web] - [mailto:fabrice.laussy@gmail.com mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2270'''<br><small>Mathematics for Physics<br>Quantum Physics</small><br />
File:Elena-del-Valle-2019.jpg|Dr. Elena del Valle<br> - [mailto:e.delvalle@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2458'''<br><small>Electromagnetism I<br>Electromagnetism II<br>Foundation Year</small><br />
File:AntonNalitov.jpg|Dr. Anton Nalitov<br> - [mailto:A.Nalitov@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''1178'''<br><small>Optics<br>Thermal Physics</small><br />
File:Gascoyne_profile_photo2.jpg|Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br>[https://goo.gl/hFf752 web] - [mailto:A.D.Gascoyne@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 51'''8576'''<br><small>Mechanics<br>Scientific computing<br>Numerical Methods</small><br />
File:camilo-portrait-squared.jpg|Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}<br>[https://tinyurl.com/y5tlysgh web] - [mailto:J.LopezCarreno@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2187'''<br><small>Solid State<br>Quantum Mechanics</small><br />
File:SanaKhalid.jpeg|Sana Khalid<br>- [mailto:S.Khalid@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br><small>Mathematics<br>Quantum Mechanics</small> <br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
Our Academic Coach is Holly Herzberg – [mailto:Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk]. Please contact Sarah for support with problems which do not have a physics flavour.<br />
<br />
= Lectures =<br />
== Level 3 ==<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/16787 Foundation Year Physics] by Dr. del Valle, Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures) & Elouise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
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== Level 4 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
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* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17299 Optics] by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* Mechanics by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne (Lectures & labs) & Eloise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17704 Mathematics for Physicists] by Prof. Fabrice Laussy (Lectures) and Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism I] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) and Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/14620 Quantum mechanics] by Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Lectures) & Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/9395 Scientific computing] by Prof. F.P. Laussy, E. del Valle, A. Nalitov and J. C. {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
<br />
== Level 5 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism II] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) & Dr. {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18065 Solid State Physics] by Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
* Mathematical Methods by Dr. Liam Naughton.<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18067 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics], by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18068 Quantum Physics], by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lecture) & Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua (Tutorials).<br />
* Numerical Methods, by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br />
<br />
= Academic calendar =<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:University-of-Wolverhampton---Academic-Calendar-2019.20.png|600px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Timetable =<br />
<br />
[[File:timetable-2019-20-v1.png|750px]]<br />
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= Cohorts =<br />
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Each cohort of Physicists in Wolverhampton gets named after an important physicist who changed his field, despite an off-the-beaten-track academic trajectory, in line with our own objectives and aspirations.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
<gallery heights=200px><br />
File:hanbury-brown.jpg|[[Hanbury Brown cohort]] (2017-2019)|link=[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]<br />
File:Jaynes.jpg|[[Jaynes cohort]]<br> (2018-2021)|link=[[Jaynes cohort]]<br />
File:Mollow.png|[[Mollow cohort]]<br> (2019-2022)|link=[[Mollow cohort]]<br />
</gallery><br />
</center><br />
<br />
Our first generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]''', named after the least conventional, most brilliant and greatest outsider physicist of the 20th century, in line with our seminal Physics course that is making a pioneering journey into a new branch of the University.<br />
<br />
Our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Jaynes cohort]]''', named after the out-of-the-box thinking theorist who challenged the Copenhagen interpretation with his celebrated Jaynes-Cumming model. Also a passionate university teacher, our tribute reminds us of our mission to bring together the best Physics in the classroom and in the literature.<br />
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Our third generation of Wulfrunian Physicists is the '''[[Mollow cohort]]''', named after the maverick theorist who provided the first correct description of resonance fluorescence, i.e., the emission from an atom irradiated coherently at the frequency of its transition. This simple-looking problem is at the heart of quantum optics. The answer is, by the way, a triplet, known as the Mollow triplet.<br />
<br />
= Our Approach =<br />
<br />
Our approach strongly relies on modern pedagogical philosophy, based on active learning. More specifically, we echo at the local scale of our school the structure of science as it unravels at the top level. That is to say, we value notions such as collaborations (peer-teaching), various types of dissemination (oral and written, posters, short presentations), all to be archived as a scientific journal would do of its original content. In particular, we use research-led and research-based teaching, getting up to the standard of professional science right from the beginning and involving elements of ongoing research, to keep our students at the edges of things, at the same time as we bring them there from the very beginning of any standard high education, that is to say, from textbook material and the conventional academic content (Newtonian mechanics, optics, programming languages, etc.) As they explore these classics, the students apply research methods of self-examination, critical queries, actively working with the topics, rather than undertaking a passive exposure and working out exercises that usually consists in repeating a particular case. In the peer-teaching approach, students critically evaluate each other's works. All these approaches, always in some dose along others, are monitored to contribute to the state of the art of pedagogical research in physics education.<br />
<br />
The syllabus of the overall course reads as follow. You can find more course-specific content on [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/ Canvas] (you need to complete your module registration on [https://smsweb.wlv.ac.uk/urd/sits.urd/run/siw_lgn e:Vision] to access them).<br />
<br />
= Zeroth Year (Level 3) =<br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Physics (Foundation Year 3AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is the science of understanding, interpreting and engineering the physical universe. To do so, it relies on a broad set of other disciplines: from pure mathematics which describes fundamental physical laws - to experimental physics, providing both tests of the theory and further insights by systematic explorations or merely trials and errors. This module will first establish the foundations of the discipline, including scientific notations, physical units and dimensional analysis and a survey of mathematical representations of the physical world. It will then introduce the various tools, methods and ways of thinking of a physicist through a combined in-class/laboratory investigation of two of the key notions of physics, namely, oscillations and waves, and forces and energies. These will be illustrated from their manifestation in a range of disciplines, including optics, mechanics and electromagnetism. The emphasis will be on the phenomenology rather than on abstract and sophisticated models. The course is a good introduction to important notions used throughout the scientific spectrum and will provide adequate preparation for more in-depth studies, including for the BSc (Hons) Applied Physics.<br />
<br />
= First Year (Level 4) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
<br />
=== Optics (4AP001)===<br />
<br />
Optics is the Science of light. As our most privileged human contact with the surrounding world is through the eye, optics has always been a central topic in our description of the observable universe. Light is also one of the key technological resources with practical applications found in a variety of technologies and everyday objects, including mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, lasers and fibre optics. Because light is a particular type of electromagnetic waves (with frequencies close to those visible to the naked eye), optical phenomena are just a branch of classical electromagnetism. The full theory is so large however and this particular type is so important that it comes as topic of its own. The module will study two aspects of light: as rays (geometrical optics) and as waves (physical optics). The emphasis will be on geometrical optics with detailed study of optical instrumentation and their applications (magnifiers, cameras, microscope and telescopes, including human vision) in both the classroom and through laboratory sessions. The most important notions of physical optics that provide a more general framework to optical phenomena and prepare more advanced applications, such as interferometry, polarization and diffractive-optics, will be studied at a more introductory level. The module will also survey some advanced notions of photonics in the modern applications of light: the use of lasers, optical detectors, waveguides, fibers and devices for imaging, display and storage, to complete this first outlook on light.<br />
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<center>[[File:interferometer.jpg|350px|One of our interferometers, to study Michelson interferences.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematics (4MM011) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is an exact science and is articulated, even in its most applied and experimental aspects, through mathematics of various types and levels. Mathematics will therefore be a topic that will be studied in all years of the BSc (Hons) Physics course, to develop skills to enter employment fully armed with modern mathematical and numerical methods. The first year will refresh previous knowledge, in particular of calculus (of real and complex numbers), and move on from there to introduce basic real analysis (functions of one variable, trigonometry) assuring a working knowledge of integration and derivation. The bulk of the module will be on i) the theory of ordinary differential equations and ii) linear algebra. Both will be studied with practical considerations in mind but algebra will also be introduced as the study of abstract mathematical structures, with the study of sets, groups and vector spaces. The emphasis will remain on vector calculus and computation with matrices and tensors. Finally, rudimentary notions of probability will be studied, with statistics being covered in laboratory sessions. The module will conclude by introducing functions of several variables & their partial derivatives, to be revisited again on next year.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:markov-chain.png|300px|A matrix equation (for Markov chains)]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mechanics (4MM012) ===<br />
<br />
Mechanics is the epitome of physics: it describes and explains the behaviour of physical objects around us, from falling apples to orbiting planets. The first great achievement of Physics as a Science was Newton's understanding that the same laws describe both. The wide range of physical phenomena that can be explained from the laws of classical mechanics makes it a pillar of virtually all other scientific fields. This makes this topic one of the oldest and largest subjects in science, engineering and technology. The module will concentrate on Newtonian mechanics as an introduction to the methods and thinking of a physicist. It will also expand on this classical material to introduce more advanced ideas and concepts of Mechanics, including fluid mechanics, applied mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics. The other branch of mechanics, quantum mechanics, will be studied in a different module. The module will thus focus on the study of the motion of classical bodies and teach how to calculate in various reference frames their position, velocity and acceleration as a function of time under the action of applied forces, with applications to projectiles, astronomical bodies and macroscopic rigid bodies. Important concepts such as conservation laws and symmetry are introduced and studied in a plethora of variations. The dynamics of oscillators, in particular the harmonic oscillator, will be studied in great detail, with emphasis of how various terms in the equation correspond to various scenarios describing a physical object, with basic concepts such as driving and dissipation. The value and interest of exact (closed-form) solutions as compared to approximations will be highlighted.<br />
<br />
Laboratory sessions will be conducted to develop a firm grasp of Physics as an experimental and applied science, focusing on fundamentals such as the study of pendulums and springs, and reproducing pioneering experiments such as the free-falling objects of Galileo. Along with a traditional pen-and-paper approach, an introduction to fully automatised, computer-assisted modern laboratories will be given through a dynamic wireless smart-cart system.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:mini-launcher.jpg|250px|One of our mini launchers, to study the dynamics of falling bodies.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2==<br />
<br />
=== Quantum Mechanics (4AP003)===<br />
<br />
Quantum mechanics describes objects at small scales and low energies. Since our technology relies heavily on miniaturisation, quantum effects become increasingly important in the applied and engineering branches of physics. Every field of physics has its "quantum counterpart". Furthermore, quantum physics is so counter-intuitive that it makes a complete break with so-called "classical physics", even though the latter includes modern developments such as relativity that revolutionised our understanding of the nature of time and space. Being familiar with quantum concepts is not only important from the scientific viewpoint but also from cultural and philosophical point of views: from the quantum Zeno effect to Schrödinger's cat. Quantum physics is so pivotal in modern physics that some aspects of it will be studied in at all three levels of study in the BSc (Hons) Physics course.<br />
<br />
This level 4 module will introduce the problems with classical physics and the need for a paradigm change, how this was made through the concept of a wavefunction and its associated Schrödinger equation. Solving the latter on elementary cases with time-independent Hamiltonian will allow to delve into the interpretation and meaning of the theory. Its axiomatic formulation in an Hilbert space will introduce the formal and abstract aspects. The concept of quantum correlations will be introduced and contrasted to classical physics, with an introduction to the concepts leading to Bell's inequalities. Special emphasis will be given to applications of quantum physics and how it promises another technology revolution for the coming decades. The module will conclude on the two-body problem in quantum mechanics, introducing the notion of bosons and fermions.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:wavefunction.png|350px|The quantum wavefunction.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electromagnetism 1 (4AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is a Science of "unification", striving to find general fundamental principles that explain the largest possible extent of observed phenomena with the simplest set of physical laws. In this respect, electromagnetism is the standard theory that led to the unification of two important branches of physics: electricity and magnetism. Its further extension led to the "standard model" of particle physics. This level 4 module will bring us toward the culmination of the theory, namely Maxwell's equations, through preparatory study of vector calculus and in-depth separate analyses of the electric and magnetic fields. This will create familiarity with the respective phenomenology that are of considerable importance for the subject of applied physics. These phenomenon fall under the denomination of electrostatic (the science of electric charges) and magnetostatic (the science of magnets). Special emphasis will be given to electronic circuits as an applied illustration of important concepts of electrodynamics, and to support the laboratory sessions that will focus on these aspects.<br />
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<center>[[File:electrostatics.png|350px|One of our electrostatic kit, including a giant capacitor and Faraday ice pail.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Scientific Computing (4AP006)===<br />
<br />
With the advent and generalisation of computers, Science has taken a new turn. It is now possible to make breakthrough discoveries or reach record-breaking calculations with a standard home computer. Whilst this influences all of the Sciences, Physics is particularly affected since a physical problem is often reduced to solving an equation, which can usually be done numerically. The unique skillsets of Physicists in adapting computer resources to the wide variety of their problems make them highly sought in numerous areas extraneous to their speciality, such as in finance and banking, where they have proven to be the most versatile, resourceful and able users of computer simulations. Since numerical methods are a considerable resource, that will prove useful whatever the future occupation of any physicist will be, the topic will be studied throughout the course. <br />
<br />
This module will first introduce the use of computer resources in networking systems. The unix/linux-based scientific computing environment will be introduced for its scripting features, data processing tools as well as for the standard scientific document typesetting system (LaTeX). This environment will contribute to applications for the Enterprise and Employability Award through content-based rather than look-focused approach in setting up a resume, motivation letter and writting an application, and later for the preparation of Research-level scientific reports for the laboratory experiments. <br />
The module will then introduce basic algorithms and teach elementary numerical methods such as solving sets of linear equations, methods of interpolation, finding roots of nonlinear equations, evaluating integrals and will introduce direct methods for solving ordinary differential equations. The modules will be intensively based on laboratory sessions and practical work and will also teach the necessary programming skills. To endow the student with modern and powerful tools, the course will be taught in the Python programming language, which is a high-level language fairly easy to learn and affording great code readability. This will form a good starting point for development of other programming languages that will be needed on the professional market (where Python is also highly sought). It allows for interacting programming through ipython and Jupyter that is of great pedagogical value. All of these resources are open sources so students can study and apply their knowledge outside of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:ipynb_flat.png|350px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Second Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Electromagnetism 2 (5AP001)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the material studied in the 4AP004-Electromagnetism I, which concluded with the presentation of Maxwell's equations, brought together by separate studies of electric and magnetic phenomena. This level 5 module combines the equations, adding the one final piece brought by Maxwell, and show how this complete description of the time-and-space varying electromagnetic field opens a whole new realm of physical phenomena and applications. The module will show in particular how light emerges out of the equations and, remarkably, how the speed of light in a vacuum arises as a universal constant that is dependent only on the electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space. It will study light's propagation subsequent to its radiation by a source, a problem known as "electrodynamics". The study of light's interaction with matter will allow to revisit one's knowledge of optics from a more fundamental point of view and better appreciate the hierarchy of the subfields of physics. Intensive laboratory sessions will provide insights through a variety of microwave experiments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:microwave-setup.png|350px|One of our kits to explore microwaves.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Solid State Physics (5AP002)===<br />
<br />
Solid state physics is an introduction to condensed matter physics, within which you will study the particular topic of widest interest: that of rigid matter. This topic is both better understood and of greatest practical use for technology and industry, the bulk of which relies on a particular types of solids—semiconductors—that provide the bulk material for electronic devices. Solid state physics considers how large-scale properties of solids arise from fundamental phenomena taking place in crystalline ordering of densely packed atoms. It is a rich and fruitful field that illustrates how simple ideas lead to extremely complex behaviours when involving many-body physics. It also brings together various subfields of physics, from classical to quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistics, to this playground and considers how various phenomena have different origins or, in contrast, stem from a combination of several disciplines. This develops the ability to explain something out of a simple model. Solid state physics focuses on the mechanical (e.g., hardness and elasticity), thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of crystals. This module will describe all these aspects in details with a joint theoretical description in class and laboratory experimentation, contrasting different types of solids as probed through these various characteristics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:diamagnetism.png|300px|Diamagnetism.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematical Methods (5AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will strengthen the mathematical apparatus required to support the increasing knowledge and depth of description of the physical phenomena, now extending to functions of several variables and their associated partial differential equations. Calculus of vector field will also be covered in parallel through the Electromagnism II module. Complex analysis will extend calculus to the case of complex functions of complex variables, showing the stronger notion of derivatives through the CauchyRiemann's theorem and the notion of analycity. The module will then starts a paradigm shift towards providing the "Mathematical Methods" which are useful in physics, that consist of specialized techniques and tools from a given Mathematical discipline, that the physicist does not usually need to know in its entirety. Finally, the study of dynamical systems will be studied with some emphasis on applications for Physics (bistability and hysteresis of nonlinear oscillators, laser thresholds, Liénard systems, relaxation oscillations, etc.) <br />
<br />
<center>[[File:duffing-attractor.png|300px|The Duffing attractor, an example of a dynamical system.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics (5AP004) ===<br />
<br />
The unit to measure the "number of things", the mole, is unfathomably large, of the order of $10^{23}$ objects. In such conditions, describing a mole of, say, a gas, seems a daunting task, given the sheer amount of underlying constituents that interact between each other. It is one insight of thermodynamics and statistical physics that such complex objects can however be described, essentially completely and exactly with only a few variables. In fact, the larger the number of objects, the more accurate the description. An important illustration is the case of thermodynamics, the science of heat-flow and its relation to work, that is such a macroscopic consequence of statistical (and quantum) mechanics. An understanding of thermal physics is crucial, not only to modern physics, but also to chemistry, biology, computer science and, of course, several subfields of engineering. The module introduces key notions of statistical mechanics, with a strong emphasis on thermodynamics, but surveying also the other fields of interest for Physics, namely, solid state physics, optics and also complex systems.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:blackbody-radiation.png|350px|Our setup to measure blackbody radiation.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Quantum Physics (5AP005) ===<br />
<br />
This level 5 module on quantum mechanics will first extend the theory to a three-dimensional setting, taking advantage of a now better familiarity with more advanced mathematical tools, and then turn to applications of the theory to various cases and concepts of applied interest, including the description of the fundamental, and most common, atom in the universe: hydrogen. It will be shown how quantum mechanics explains the empirically observed spectroscopic lines of this and other chemical compounds. The physics of spin will be studied in detail, considering problems such as the dynamics of an electron in a magnetic field, already studied in the electromagnetism modules, being revisited here by the quantum theory. The addition of angular momenta will provide an opportunity to play with quantum algebra and see how quantum numbers behave in an unfamiliar fashion that requires much practice to be acquainted with. Useful and important computational techniques will be studied, such as perturbation theory, to provide a finer description of the hydrogen atom, or the variational principle, to study the molecule of Helium. Other techniques, such as the WKB approximation, adiabatic approximation, etc., will prepare the student for advanced use of the quantum theory in the description and understanding of the most contemporary systems and problems of modern physics, to be fully unravelled at level 6.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:sphericalharmonics.jpg|420px|Spherical harmonics describing the hydrogen atom.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Numerical Methods (5AP006)===<br />
<br />
This module will, in line with the expertise now acquired in the other disciplines of Physics, provide the tools to solve numerical problems that are time-dependent, in particular those involving fields. Concrete problems that arise from other modules, such as solving the heat equation in nontrivial geometries, computing a flow with various models and approximations, propagating a complex wavefunction or solving Maxwell equations, will be brought to the computer and studied there numerically, with emphasis on notions such as stability and convergence. This module will also provide a first experience with research-type problems involving the student's own analysis and judgement, to direct the most promising directions for further exploration.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:numerical-methods-level5.png|350px|Comparisons of various numerical methods.]]</center><br />
<br />
= Optional Third Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Sandwich Placement (5AP008) ==<br />
<br />
You have the opportunity to make a sandwich placement, somewhere in industry, a corporation, R&D center, hospital (medical Physics) or basically any place where you will be able to exercise your Physics skills and acquire new tricks, develop your network of contacts and prepare yourself a great future on the job market. This is optional. If you go through this route, you'll graduate after Level 6 on the fourth year.<br />
<br />
= Third Year (Level 6) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Modern Physics (6AP010) ===<br />
<br />
Modern Physics refers to the branches of physics that developed in the 20th century and beyond, extending the classical topics of mechanics and electromagnetism to the extreme conditions of very small sizes and/or high energies. The first breakup with classical physics was Einstein's theory of special relativity, that gave a new meaning to space and time. A first chapter of the module studies this pillar of modern physics, culminating with relativistic kinematics. The other breakup, that came with quantum theory, was so widespread and far-reaching that its material is studied independently in previous models of the course (quantum mechanics and quantum physics). This module focuses instead on its recent developments for the theory of information and towards technological applications. A success of modern physics is to describe all known particles in a unified, so-called standard model, that is overviewed at a phenomenological level, from elementary particles up to the nuclear model, presenting the two remaining forces of nature (weak and strong forces). A final chapter on general relativity, and how the curvature of spacetime describes gravitation, with some applications for cosmology, concludes this succinct picture of modern Physics. The module will allow students to get a good grip of the modern landscape of Physics as well as to be armed towards pursuing specialized Physics topics at a Master level in a broad variety of topics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:black-hole.png|275px|First observation of a black hole.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Computational Physics (6AP002)===<br />
<br />
The mathematical and computational aspects of physics will be brought together in a single module to provide the tools required for the student to develop their own capacity in identifying and solving problems. Topics in Mathematics will include Fourier and Laplace analysis, variational calculus, Green functions, and Optimization. More computer-oriented topics will introduce students to the field that sits at the boundary of Physics and Mathematics and Computer Science and that emerges as a discipline of its own: known as "numerical experiments" (or "simulation experiment"). Topics in this subject will include Monte Carlo methods, theory of algorithms and some notion of complexity and information theory, as well as an introduction to parallel and distributed programming. Emphasis will be given to computational analysis of the systems studied in Condensed Matter physics module (6AP001).<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:g2-monte-carlos.png|350px|A result of a computer experiment with photo-detection and its fit to theory.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 1 (6AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will prepare the level 6 student to undertake, under supervision, autonomous work in a University environment to produce original research. This will aid future employability, opening up the possibility to apply for a masters course or to join the most dynamic areas of the employment market place. This module will bring together all the skills developed and perfected up till now, including literature review, rapid understanding and distilling of considerable amounts of complex information, as well as a capacity to identify the required tools to tackle a problem. This first-semester module will present students with a set of problems, with various levels of laboratory, computer, and theory-based content (in most cases with a blend of all these). These problems will be discussed with a personal research-active tutor, so as to agree on a topic of mutual interest and the direction to explore. In this first stage, students will undertake a literature review and produce a scientific poster and written reports relating to research undertaken. The poster will be presented to the rest of the Physics students (including level 4 & 5 students), who will provide feedback and comments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:Quiet-zone-400x296.jpg|300px|A popular place with Researchers.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
=== Condensed Matter Physics (6AP001) ===<br />
<br />
Condensed matter physics describes the wide variety of condensed phases of matter, including, but not limited to, the most familiar forms that are the liquid and solid states, whose dedicated study makes a topic of its own. Indeed, condensed matter extends to more exotic phases such as glasses, liquid crystals, quasi-crystals, plasmas, (anti)ferromagnets or non-Newtonian fluids (that change their viscosity or flow behaviour under stress), to name a few. Condensed matter also describes fundamental states of matter ruled by quantum phenomena, including Bose-Einstein condensates, superconductors that conduct electricity without losses, and superfluids that flow without resistance. As such, condensed matter relies extensively on a combination of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics. It is an advanced topic that requires a firm understanding of all these disciplines, that, when brought together, give rise to the emergence of new concepts, following Anderson's credo: "More is different". The module will cover such important modern notions of contemporary physics, including broken symmetries, order parameters and topology.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:giant-magnetoresistance.png|350px|Measurement of giant magnetoresistance.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electrodynamics (6AP012) ===<br />
<br />
Electrodynamics is the science of the interaction between light and matter. This module brings together all the ingredients studied in details throughout the course, to give the final picture of how objects interact at the most fundamental level. The material starts in the wake of Electromagnetism II with radiation theory, or how accelerating charges produce electromagnetic fields. Then the classical theory of Maxwell equations is revisited from the point of view of special relativity, showing how the magnetic field emerges as a relativistic effect. In the second part of the module, we turn to the quantization of the electromagnetic field and its interaction with matter. We first complete the picture of the hydrogen atom from the Quantum Physics module, by studying its hyperfine structure and spontaneous emission. We then overview both the low and high-energy regimes of electrodynamics, with Dirac's equation for the electron and the Feynman diagrammatic rules on the one hand, and a study of the basic models of light-matter interactions that are resonance fluorescence, Rabi oscillations and the Jaynes-Cummings model, on the other hand.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photoelectric.png|350px|One of our setup to detect single photons.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 2 (6AP009)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the "Research 1" module (6AP003), engaging students in active research related to an identified problem. A weekly meeting will bring together the student and their personal research-active tutor, and/or the rest of the class, to describe progress, ideas, problems and difficulties and, if applicable, results. At the end of the module, the student will provide i) a 15 minutes oral presentation in conference style, in front of a panel of referees who will ask questions on the research results, and a ii) written report in the form and style of a research article. In case of valuable results in a nontrivial problem, the latter will be submitted for publication and evaluated by research peers beyond the walls of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:prl-2017.png|300px|The portal of Phys. Rev. Lett.]]</center></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_BSc&diff=1238Physics BSc2019-11-25T00:01:21Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Semester 2 */</p>
<hr />
<div>:''All science is either Physics or stamp collecting.'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford Ernest Rutherford].<br />
<br />
We are studying the Universe in Wolverhampton, at all the levels. It starts with our B.Sc Physics course, where we learn about Mechanics&mdash;both classical and quantum&mdash;optics and the language of the firmament: Mathematics. We then proceed to the most beautiful equations, that of Maxwell, that describe light, tame computers and carry on to understand everything else, from the physics of a superconductor to black holes. This page will give you a short overview of the main features of our course. While most of the fastly moving, dynamically changing things happen in Canvas on a lecture per lecture basis, this webspace hosts the slower action that takes place at the deeper level, involving all the courses together. You should be pointed to it whenever your visit will be needed, but feel free to come back any time to consult any item of interest or see if things happen unnoticed.<br />
<br />
Useful links:<br />
<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/Academic_Calendar_2018-19.pdf Academic calendar 2018-19].<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/ Timetables for modules] (or directly to [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/module_1.asp?previous=0 the modules]).<br />
* [https://www.wlv.ac.uk/current-students/examinations--timetabling-/university-rooms/ Rooms].<br />
<br />
= Teaching Staff =<br />
<br />
Prof. [[Fabrice|Fabrice Laussy]] is the Director of Studies for Physics at the University, with responsibility for the success and well-being of all the enrolled students. Dr. [[Elena|Del Valle]] and [[Anton|Nalitov]] are lecturers of Quantum Optics and Condensed-Matter, respectively. Dr. [[Andrew|Gascoyne]] is a Lecturer of Mathematics. Dr. [[Camilo|{{lopezcarreno}}]] is a teaching assistant.<br />
<br />
<gallery perrow=3><br />
File:picture-fabrice.jpeg|Prof. Dr. Fabrice Laussy<br>[https://goo.gl/yYRqJK web] - [mailto:fabrice.laussy@gmail.com mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2270'''<br><small>Mathematics for Physics<br>Quantum Physics</small><br />
File:Elena-del-Valle-2019.jpg|Dr. Elena del Valle<br> - [mailto:e.delvalle@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2458'''<br><small>Electromagnetism I<br>Electromagnetism II<br>Foundation Year</small><br />
File:AntonNalitov.jpg|Dr. Anton Nalitov<br> - [mailto:A.Nalitov@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''1178'''<br><small>Optics<br>Thermal Physics</small><br />
File:Gascoyne_profile_photo2.jpg|Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br>[https://goo.gl/hFf752 web] - [mailto:A.D.Gascoyne@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 51'''8576'''<br><small>Mechanics<br>Scientific computing<br>Numerical Methods</small><br />
File:camilo-portrait-squared.jpg|Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}<br>[https://tinyurl.com/y5tlysgh web] - [mailto:J.LopezCarreno@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2187'''<br><small>Solid State<br>Quantum Mechanics</small><br />
File:SanaKhalid.jpeg|Sana Khalid<br>- [mailto:S.Khalid@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br><small>Mathematics<br>Quantum Mechanics</small> <br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
Our Academic Coach is Holly Herzberg – [mailto:Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk]. Please contact Sarah for support with problems which do not have a physics flavour.<br />
<br />
= Lectures =<br />
== Level 3 ==<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/16787 Foundation Year Physics] by Dr. del Valle, Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures) & Elouise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
<br />
== Level 4 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17299 Optics] by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* Mechanics by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne (Lectures & labs) & Eloise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17704 Mathematics for Physicists] by Prof. Fabrice Laussy (Lectures) and Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism I] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) and Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/14620 Quantum mechanics] by Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Lectures) & Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/9395 Scientific computing] by Prof. F.P. Laussy, E. del Valle, A. Nalitov and J. C. {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
<br />
== Level 5 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism II] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) & {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18065 Solid State Physics] by Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
* Mathematical Methods by Dr. Liam Naughton.<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18067 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics], by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18068 Quantum Physics], by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lecture) & Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua (Tutorials).<br />
* Numerical Methods, by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br />
<br />
= Academic calendar =<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:University-of-Wolverhampton---Academic-Calendar-2019.20.png|600px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Timetable =<br />
<br />
[[File:timetable-2019-20-v1.png|750px]]<br />
<br />
= Cohorts =<br />
<br />
Each cohort of Physicists in Wolverhampton gets named after an important physicist who changed his field, despite an off-the-beaten-track academic trajectory, in line with our own objectives and aspirations.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
<gallery heights=200px><br />
File:hanbury-brown.jpg|[[Hanbury Brown cohort]] (2017-2019)|link=[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]<br />
File:Jaynes.jpg|[[Jaynes cohort]]<br> (2018-2021)|link=[[Jaynes cohort]]<br />
File:Mollow.png|[[Mollow cohort]]<br> (2019-2022)|link=[[Mollow cohort]]<br />
</gallery><br />
</center><br />
<br />
Our first generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]''', named after the least conventional, most brilliant and greatest outsider physicist of the 20th century, in line with our seminal Physics course that is making a pioneering journey into a new branch of the University.<br />
<br />
Our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Jaynes cohort]]''', named after the out-of-the-box thinking theorist who challenged the Copenhagen interpretation with his celebrated Jaynes-Cumming model. Also a passionate university teacher, our tribute reminds us of our mission to bring together the best Physics in the classroom and in the literature.<br />
<br />
Our third generation of Wulfrunian Physicists is the '''[[Mollow cohort]]''', named after the maverick theorist who provided the first correct description of resonance fluorescence, i.e., the emission from an atom irradiated coherently at the frequency of its transition. This simple-looking problem is at the heart of quantum optics. The answer is, by the way, a triplet, known as the Mollow triplet.<br />
<br />
= Our Approach =<br />
<br />
Our approach strongly relies on modern pedagogical philosophy, based on active learning. More specifically, we echo at the local scale of our school the structure of science as it unravels at the top level. That is to say, we value notions such as collaborations (peer-teaching), various types of dissemination (oral and written, posters, short presentations), all to be archived as a scientific journal would do of its original content. In particular, we use research-led and research-based teaching, getting up to the standard of professional science right from the beginning and involving elements of ongoing research, to keep our students at the edges of things, at the same time as we bring them there from the very beginning of any standard high education, that is to say, from textbook material and the conventional academic content (Newtonian mechanics, optics, programming languages, etc.) As they explore these classics, the students apply research methods of self-examination, critical queries, actively working with the topics, rather than undertaking a passive exposure and working out exercises that usually consists in repeating a particular case. In the peer-teaching approach, students critically evaluate each other's works. All these approaches, always in some dose along others, are monitored to contribute to the state of the art of pedagogical research in physics education.<br />
<br />
The syllabus of the overall course reads as follow. You can find more course-specific content on [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/ Canvas] (you need to complete your module registration on [https://smsweb.wlv.ac.uk/urd/sits.urd/run/siw_lgn e:Vision] to access them).<br />
<br />
= Zeroth Year (Level 3) =<br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Physics (Foundation Year 3AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is the science of understanding, interpreting and engineering the physical universe. To do so, it relies on a broad set of other disciplines: from pure mathematics which describes fundamental physical laws - to experimental physics, providing both tests of the theory and further insights by systematic explorations or merely trials and errors. This module will first establish the foundations of the discipline, including scientific notations, physical units and dimensional analysis and a survey of mathematical representations of the physical world. It will then introduce the various tools, methods and ways of thinking of a physicist through a combined in-class/laboratory investigation of two of the key notions of physics, namely, oscillations and waves, and forces and energies. These will be illustrated from their manifestation in a range of disciplines, including optics, mechanics and electromagnetism. The emphasis will be on the phenomenology rather than on abstract and sophisticated models. The course is a good introduction to important notions used throughout the scientific spectrum and will provide adequate preparation for more in-depth studies, including for the BSc (Hons) Applied Physics.<br />
<br />
= First Year (Level 4) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
<br />
=== Optics (4AP001)===<br />
<br />
Optics is the Science of light. As our most privileged human contact with the surrounding world is through the eye, optics has always been a central topic in our description of the observable universe. Light is also one of the key technological resources with practical applications found in a variety of technologies and everyday objects, including mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, lasers and fibre optics. Because light is a particular type of electromagnetic waves (with frequencies close to those visible to the naked eye), optical phenomena are just a branch of classical electromagnetism. The full theory is so large however and this particular type is so important that it comes as topic of its own. The module will study two aspects of light: as rays (geometrical optics) and as waves (physical optics). The emphasis will be on geometrical optics with detailed study of optical instrumentation and their applications (magnifiers, cameras, microscope and telescopes, including human vision) in both the classroom and through laboratory sessions. The most important notions of physical optics that provide a more general framework to optical phenomena and prepare more advanced applications, such as interferometry, polarization and diffractive-optics, will be studied at a more introductory level. The module will also survey some advanced notions of photonics in the modern applications of light: the use of lasers, optical detectors, waveguides, fibers and devices for imaging, display and storage, to complete this first outlook on light.<br />
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<center>[[File:interferometer.jpg|350px|One of our interferometers, to study Michelson interferences.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematics (4MM011) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is an exact science and is articulated, even in its most applied and experimental aspects, through mathematics of various types and levels. Mathematics will therefore be a topic that will be studied in all years of the BSc (Hons) Physics course, to develop skills to enter employment fully armed with modern mathematical and numerical methods. The first year will refresh previous knowledge, in particular of calculus (of real and complex numbers), and move on from there to introduce basic real analysis (functions of one variable, trigonometry) assuring a working knowledge of integration and derivation. The bulk of the module will be on i) the theory of ordinary differential equations and ii) linear algebra. Both will be studied with practical considerations in mind but algebra will also be introduced as the study of abstract mathematical structures, with the study of sets, groups and vector spaces. The emphasis will remain on vector calculus and computation with matrices and tensors. Finally, rudimentary notions of probability will be studied, with statistics being covered in laboratory sessions. The module will conclude by introducing functions of several variables & their partial derivatives, to be revisited again on next year.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:markov-chain.png|300px|A matrix equation (for Markov chains)]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mechanics (4MM012) ===<br />
<br />
Mechanics is the epitome of physics: it describes and explains the behaviour of physical objects around us, from falling apples to orbiting planets. The first great achievement of Physics as a Science was Newton's understanding that the same laws describe both. The wide range of physical phenomena that can be explained from the laws of classical mechanics makes it a pillar of virtually all other scientific fields. This makes this topic one of the oldest and largest subjects in science, engineering and technology. The module will concentrate on Newtonian mechanics as an introduction to the methods and thinking of a physicist. It will also expand on this classical material to introduce more advanced ideas and concepts of Mechanics, including fluid mechanics, applied mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics. The other branch of mechanics, quantum mechanics, will be studied in a different module. The module will thus focus on the study of the motion of classical bodies and teach how to calculate in various reference frames their position, velocity and acceleration as a function of time under the action of applied forces, with applications to projectiles, astronomical bodies and macroscopic rigid bodies. Important concepts such as conservation laws and symmetry are introduced and studied in a plethora of variations. The dynamics of oscillators, in particular the harmonic oscillator, will be studied in great detail, with emphasis of how various terms in the equation correspond to various scenarios describing a physical object, with basic concepts such as driving and dissipation. The value and interest of exact (closed-form) solutions as compared to approximations will be highlighted.<br />
<br />
Laboratory sessions will be conducted to develop a firm grasp of Physics as an experimental and applied science, focusing on fundamentals such as the study of pendulums and springs, and reproducing pioneering experiments such as the free-falling objects of Galileo. Along with a traditional pen-and-paper approach, an introduction to fully automatised, computer-assisted modern laboratories will be given through a dynamic wireless smart-cart system.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:mini-launcher.jpg|250px|One of our mini launchers, to study the dynamics of falling bodies.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2==<br />
<br />
=== Quantum Mechanics (4AP003)===<br />
<br />
Quantum mechanics describes objects at small scales and low energies. Since our technology relies heavily on miniaturisation, quantum effects become increasingly important in the applied and engineering branches of physics. Every field of physics has its "quantum counterpart". Furthermore, quantum physics is so counter-intuitive that it makes a complete break with so-called "classical physics", even though the latter includes modern developments such as relativity that revolutionised our understanding of the nature of time and space. Being familiar with quantum concepts is not only important from the scientific viewpoint but also from cultural and philosophical point of views: from the quantum Zeno effect to Schrödinger's cat. Quantum physics is so pivotal in modern physics that some aspects of it will be studied in at all three levels of study in the BSc (Hons) Physics course.<br />
<br />
This level 4 module will introduce the problems with classical physics and the need for a paradigm change, how this was made through the concept of a wavefunction and its associated Schrödinger equation. Solving the latter on elementary cases with time-independent Hamiltonian will allow to delve into the interpretation and meaning of the theory. Its axiomatic formulation in an Hilbert space will introduce the formal and abstract aspects. The concept of quantum correlations will be introduced and contrasted to classical physics, with an introduction to the concepts leading to Bell's inequalities. Special emphasis will be given to applications of quantum physics and how it promises another technology revolution for the coming decades. The module will conclude on the two-body problem in quantum mechanics, introducing the notion of bosons and fermions.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:wavefunction.png|350px|The quantum wavefunction.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electromagnetism 1 (4AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is a Science of "unification", striving to find general fundamental principles that explain the largest possible extent of observed phenomena with the simplest set of physical laws. In this respect, electromagnetism is the standard theory that led to the unification of two important branches of physics: electricity and magnetism. Its further extension led to the "standard model" of particle physics. This level 4 module will bring us toward the culmination of the theory, namely Maxwell's equations, through preparatory study of vector calculus and in-depth separate analyses of the electric and magnetic fields. This will create familiarity with the respective phenomenology that are of considerable importance for the subject of applied physics. These phenomenon fall under the denomination of electrostatic (the science of electric charges) and magnetostatic (the science of magnets). Special emphasis will be given to electronic circuits as an applied illustration of important concepts of electrodynamics, and to support the laboratory sessions that will focus on these aspects.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:electrostatics.png|350px|One of our electrostatic kit, including a giant capacitor and Faraday ice pail.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Scientific Computing (4AP006)===<br />
<br />
With the advent and generalisation of computers, Science has taken a new turn. It is now possible to make breakthrough discoveries or reach record-breaking calculations with a standard home computer. Whilst this influences all of the Sciences, Physics is particularly affected since a physical problem is often reduced to solving an equation, which can usually be done numerically. The unique skillsets of Physicists in adapting computer resources to the wide variety of their problems make them highly sought in numerous areas extraneous to their speciality, such as in finance and banking, where they have proven to be the most versatile, resourceful and able users of computer simulations. Since numerical methods are a considerable resource, that will prove useful whatever the future occupation of any physicist will be, the topic will be studied throughout the course. <br />
<br />
This module will first introduce the use of computer resources in networking systems. The unix/linux-based scientific computing environment will be introduced for its scripting features, data processing tools as well as for the standard scientific document typesetting system (LaTeX). This environment will contribute to applications for the Enterprise and Employability Award through content-based rather than look-focused approach in setting up a resume, motivation letter and writting an application, and later for the preparation of Research-level scientific reports for the laboratory experiments. <br />
The module will then introduce basic algorithms and teach elementary numerical methods such as solving sets of linear equations, methods of interpolation, finding roots of nonlinear equations, evaluating integrals and will introduce direct methods for solving ordinary differential equations. The modules will be intensively based on laboratory sessions and practical work and will also teach the necessary programming skills. To endow the student with modern and powerful tools, the course will be taught in the Python programming language, which is a high-level language fairly easy to learn and affording great code readability. This will form a good starting point for development of other programming languages that will be needed on the professional market (where Python is also highly sought). It allows for interacting programming through ipython and Jupyter that is of great pedagogical value. All of these resources are open sources so students can study and apply their knowledge outside of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:ipynb_flat.png|350px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Second Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Electromagnetism 2 (5AP001)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the material studied in the 4AP004-Electromagnetism I, which concluded with the presentation of Maxwell's equations, brought together by separate studies of electric and magnetic phenomena. This level 5 module combines the equations, adding the one final piece brought by Maxwell, and show how this complete description of the time-and-space varying electromagnetic field opens a whole new realm of physical phenomena and applications. The module will show in particular how light emerges out of the equations and, remarkably, how the speed of light in a vacuum arises as a universal constant that is dependent only on the electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space. It will study light's propagation subsequent to its radiation by a source, a problem known as "electrodynamics". The study of light's interaction with matter will allow to revisit one's knowledge of optics from a more fundamental point of view and better appreciate the hierarchy of the subfields of physics. Intensive laboratory sessions will provide insights through a variety of microwave experiments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:microwave-setup.png|350px|One of our kits to explore microwaves.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Solid State Physics (5AP002)===<br />
<br />
Solid state physics is an introduction to condensed matter physics, within which you will study the particular topic of widest interest: that of rigid matter. This topic is both better understood and of greatest practical use for technology and industry, the bulk of which relies on a particular types of solids—semiconductors—that provide the bulk material for electronic devices. Solid state physics considers how large-scale properties of solids arise from fundamental phenomena taking place in crystalline ordering of densely packed atoms. It is a rich and fruitful field that illustrates how simple ideas lead to extremely complex behaviours when involving many-body physics. It also brings together various subfields of physics, from classical to quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistics, to this playground and considers how various phenomena have different origins or, in contrast, stem from a combination of several disciplines. This develops the ability to explain something out of a simple model. Solid state physics focuses on the mechanical (e.g., hardness and elasticity), thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of crystals. This module will describe all these aspects in details with a joint theoretical description in class and laboratory experimentation, contrasting different types of solids as probed through these various characteristics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:diamagnetism.png|300px|Diamagnetism.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematical Methods (5AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will strengthen the mathematical apparatus required to support the increasing knowledge and depth of description of the physical phenomena, now extending to functions of several variables and their associated partial differential equations. Calculus of vector field will also be covered in parallel through the Electromagnism II module. Complex analysis will extend calculus to the case of complex functions of complex variables, showing the stronger notion of derivatives through the CauchyRiemann's theorem and the notion of analycity. The module will then starts a paradigm shift towards providing the "Mathematical Methods" which are useful in physics, that consist of specialized techniques and tools from a given Mathematical discipline, that the physicist does not usually need to know in its entirety. Finally, the study of dynamical systems will be studied with some emphasis on applications for Physics (bistability and hysteresis of nonlinear oscillators, laser thresholds, Liénard systems, relaxation oscillations, etc.) <br />
<br />
<center>[[File:duffing-attractor.png|300px|The Duffing attractor, an example of a dynamical system.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics (5AP004) ===<br />
<br />
The unit to measure the "number of things", the mole, is unfathomably large, of the order of $10^{23}$ objects. In such conditions, describing a mole of, say, a gas, seems a daunting task, given the sheer amount of underlying constituents that interact between each other. It is one insight of thermodynamics and statistical physics that such complex objects can however be described, essentially completely and exactly with only a few variables. In fact, the larger the number of objects, the more accurate the description. An important illustration is the case of thermodynamics, the science of heat-flow and its relation to work, that is such a macroscopic consequence of statistical (and quantum) mechanics. An understanding of thermal physics is crucial, not only to modern physics, but also to chemistry, biology, computer science and, of course, several subfields of engineering. The module introduces key notions of statistical mechanics, with a strong emphasis on thermodynamics, but surveying also the other fields of interest for Physics, namely, solid state physics, optics and also complex systems.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:blackbody-radiation.png|350px|Our setup to measure blackbody radiation.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Quantum Physics (5AP005) ===<br />
<br />
This level 5 module on quantum mechanics will first extend the theory to a three-dimensional setting, taking advantage of a now better familiarity with more advanced mathematical tools, and then turn to applications of the theory to various cases and concepts of applied interest, including the description of the fundamental, and most common, atom in the universe: hydrogen. It will be shown how quantum mechanics explains the empirically observed spectroscopic lines of this and other chemical compounds. The physics of spin will be studied in detail, considering problems such as the dynamics of an electron in a magnetic field, already studied in the electromagnetism modules, being revisited here by the quantum theory. The addition of angular momenta will provide an opportunity to play with quantum algebra and see how quantum numbers behave in an unfamiliar fashion that requires much practice to be acquainted with. Useful and important computational techniques will be studied, such as perturbation theory, to provide a finer description of the hydrogen atom, or the variational principle, to study the molecule of Helium. Other techniques, such as the WKB approximation, adiabatic approximation, etc., will prepare the student for advanced use of the quantum theory in the description and understanding of the most contemporary systems and problems of modern physics, to be fully unravelled at level 6.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:sphericalharmonics.jpg|420px|Spherical harmonics describing the hydrogen atom.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Numerical Methods (5AP006)===<br />
<br />
This module will, in line with the expertise now acquired in the other disciplines of Physics, provide the tools to solve numerical problems that are time-dependent, in particular those involving fields. Concrete problems that arise from other modules, such as solving the heat equation in nontrivial geometries, computing a flow with various models and approximations, propagating a complex wavefunction or solving Maxwell equations, will be brought to the computer and studied there numerically, with emphasis on notions such as stability and convergence. This module will also provide a first experience with research-type problems involving the student's own analysis and judgement, to direct the most promising directions for further exploration.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:numerical-methods-level5.png|350px|Comparisons of various numerical methods.]]</center><br />
<br />
= Optional Third Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Sandwich Placement (5AP008) ==<br />
<br />
You have the opportunity to make a sandwich placement, somewhere in industry, a corporation, R&D center, hospital (medical Physics) or basically any place where you will be able to exercise your Physics skills and acquire new tricks, develop your network of contacts and prepare yourself a great future on the job market. This is optional. If you go through this route, you'll graduate after Level 6 on the fourth year.<br />
<br />
= Third Year (Level 6) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Modern Physics (6AP010) ===<br />
<br />
Modern Physics refers to the branches of physics that developed in the 20th century and beyond, extending the classical topics of mechanics and electromagnetism to the extreme conditions of very small sizes and/or high energies. The first breakup with classical physics was Einstein's theory of special relativity, that gave a new meaning to space and time. A first chapter of the module studies this pillar of modern physics, culminating with relativistic kinematics. The other breakup, that came with quantum theory, was so widespread and far-reaching that its material is studied independently in previous models of the course (quantum mechanics and quantum physics). This module focuses instead on its recent developments for the theory of information and towards technological applications. A success of modern physics is to describe all known particles in a unified, so-called standard model, that is overviewed at a phenomenological level, from elementary particles up to the nuclear model, presenting the two remaining forces of nature (weak and strong forces). A final chapter on general relativity, and how the curvature of spacetime describes gravitation, with some applications for cosmology, concludes this succinct picture of modern Physics. The module will allow students to get a good grip of the modern landscape of Physics as well as to be armed towards pursuing specialized Physics topics at a Master level in a broad variety of topics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:black-hole.png|275px|First observation of a black hole.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Computational Physics (6AP002)===<br />
<br />
The mathematical and computational aspects of physics will be brought together in a single module to provide the tools required for the student to develop their own capacity in identifying and solving problems. Topics in Mathematics will include Fourier and Laplace analysis, variational calculus, Green functions, and Optimization. More computer-oriented topics will introduce students to the field that sits at the boundary of Physics and Mathematics and Computer Science and that emerges as a discipline of its own: known as "numerical experiments" (or "simulation experiment"). Topics in this subject will include Monte Carlo methods, theory of algorithms and some notion of complexity and information theory, as well as an introduction to parallel and distributed programming. Emphasis will be given to computational analysis of the systems studied in Condensed Matter physics module (6AP001).<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:g2-monte-carlos.png|350px|A result of a computer experiment with photo-detection and its fit to theory.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 1 (6AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will prepare the level 6 student to undertake, under supervision, autonomous work in a University environment to produce original research. This will aid future employability, opening up the possibility to apply for a masters course or to join the most dynamic areas of the employment market place. This module will bring together all the skills developed and perfected up till now, including literature review, rapid understanding and distilling of considerable amounts of complex information, as well as a capacity to identify the required tools to tackle a problem. This first-semester module will present students with a set of problems, with various levels of laboratory, computer, and theory-based content (in most cases with a blend of all these). These problems will be discussed with a personal research-active tutor, so as to agree on a topic of mutual interest and the direction to explore. In this first stage, students will undertake a literature review and produce a scientific poster and written reports relating to research undertaken. The poster will be presented to the rest of the Physics students (including level 4 & 5 students), who will provide feedback and comments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:Quiet-zone-400x296.jpg|300px|A popular place with Researchers.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
=== Condensed Matter Physics (6AP001) ===<br />
<br />
Condensed matter physics describes the wide variety of condensed phases of matter, including, but not limited to, the most familiar forms that are the liquid and solid states, whose dedicated study makes a topic of its own. Indeed, condensed matter extends to more exotic phases such as glasses, liquid crystals, quasi-crystals, plasmas, (anti)ferromagnets or non-Newtonian fluids (that change their viscosity or flow behaviour under stress), to name a few. Condensed matter also describes fundamental states of matter ruled by quantum phenomena, including Bose-Einstein condensates, superconductors that conduct electricity without losses, and superfluids that flow without resistance. As such, condensed matter relies extensively on a combination of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics. It is an advanced topic that requires a firm understanding of all these disciplines, that, when brought together, give rise to the emergence of new concepts, following Anderson's credo: "More is different". The module will cover such important modern notions of contemporary physics, including broken symmetries, order parameters and topology.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:giant-magnetoresistance.png|350px|Measurement of giant magnetoresistance.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electrodynamics (6AP012) ===<br />
<br />
Electrodynamics is the science of the interaction between light and matter. This module brings together all the ingredients studied in details throughout the course, to give the final picture of how objects interact at the most fundamental level. The material starts in the wake of Electromagnetism II with radiation theory, or how accelerating charges produce electromagnetic fields. Then the classical theory of Maxwell equations is revisited from the point of view of special relativity, showing how the magnetic field emerges as a relativistic effect. In the second part of the module, we turn to the quantization of the electromagnetic field and its interaction with matter. We first complete the picture of the hydrogen atom from the Quantum Physics module, by studying its hyperfine structure and spontaneous emission. We then overview both the low and high-energy regimes of electrodynamics, with Dirac's equation for the electron and the Feynman diagrammatic rules on the one hand, and a study of the basic models of light-matter interactions that are resonance fluorescence, Rabi oscillations and the Jaynes-Cummings model, on the other hand.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photoelectric.png|350px|One of our setup to detect single photons.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 2 (6AP009)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the "Research 1" module (6AP003), engaging students in active research related to an identified problem. A weekly meeting will bring together the student and their personal research-active tutor, and/or the rest of the class, to describe progress, ideas, problems and difficulties and, if applicable, results. At the end of the module, the student will provide i) a 15 minutes oral presentation in conference style, in front of a panel of referees who will ask questions on the research results, and a ii) written report in the form and style of a research article. In case of valuable results in a nontrivial problem, the latter will be submitted for publication and evaluated by research peers beyond the walls of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:prl-2017.png|300px|The portal of Phys. Rev. Lett.]]</center></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_BSc&diff=1237Physics BSc2019-11-24T23:50:03Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Teaching Staff */</p>
<hr />
<div>:''All science is either Physics or stamp collecting.'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford Ernest Rutherford].<br />
<br />
We are studying the Universe in Wolverhampton, at all the levels. It starts with our B.Sc Physics course, where we learn about Mechanics&mdash;both classical and quantum&mdash;optics and the language of the firmament: Mathematics. We then proceed to the most beautiful equations, that of Maxwell, that describe light, tame computers and carry on to understand everything else, from the physics of a superconductor to black holes. This page will give you a short overview of the main features of our course. While most of the fastly moving, dynamically changing things happen in Canvas on a lecture per lecture basis, this webspace hosts the slower action that takes place at the deeper level, involving all the courses together. You should be pointed to it whenever your visit will be needed, but feel free to come back any time to consult any item of interest or see if things happen unnoticed.<br />
<br />
Useful links:<br />
<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/Academic_Calendar_2018-19.pdf Academic calendar 2018-19].<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/ Timetables for modules] (or directly to [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/module_1.asp?previous=0 the modules]).<br />
* [https://www.wlv.ac.uk/current-students/examinations--timetabling-/university-rooms/ Rooms].<br />
<br />
= Teaching Staff =<br />
<br />
Prof. [[Fabrice|Fabrice Laussy]] is the Director of Studies for Physics at the University, with responsibility for the success and well-being of all the enrolled students. Dr. [[Elena|Del Valle]] and [[Anton|Nalitov]] are lecturers of Quantum Optics and Condensed-Matter, respectively. Dr. [[Andrew|Gascoyne]] is a Lecturer of Mathematics. Dr. [[Camilo|{{lopezcarreno}}]] is a teaching assistant.<br />
<br />
<gallery perrow=3><br />
File:picture-fabrice.jpeg|Prof. Dr. Fabrice Laussy<br>[https://goo.gl/yYRqJK web] - [mailto:fabrice.laussy@gmail.com mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2270'''<br><small>Mathematics for Physics<br>Quantum Physics</small><br />
File:Elena-del-Valle-2019.jpg|Dr. Elena del Valle<br> - [mailto:e.delvalle@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2458'''<br><small>Electromagnetism I<br>Electromagnetism II<br>Foundation Year</small><br />
File:AntonNalitov.jpg|Dr. Anton Nalitov<br> - [mailto:A.Nalitov@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''1178'''<br><small>Optics<br>Thermal Physics</small><br />
File:Gascoyne_profile_photo2.jpg|Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br>[https://goo.gl/hFf752 web] - [mailto:A.D.Gascoyne@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 51'''8576'''<br><small>Mechanics<br>Scientific computing<br>Numerical Methods</small><br />
File:camilo-portrait-squared.jpg|Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}<br>[https://tinyurl.com/y5tlysgh web] - [mailto:J.LopezCarreno@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2187'''<br><small>Solid State<br>Quantum Mechanics</small><br />
File:SanaKhalid.jpeg|Sana Khalid<br>- [mailto:S.Khalid@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br><small>Mathematics<br>Quantum Mechanics</small> <br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
Our Academic Coach is Holly Herzberg – [mailto:Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk]. Please contact Sarah for support with problems which do not have a physics flavour.<br />
<br />
= Lectures =<br />
== Level 3 ==<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/16787 Foundation Year Physics] by Dr. del Valle, Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures) & Elouise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
<br />
== Level 4 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17299 Optics] by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* Mechanics by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne (Lectures & labs) & Eloise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17704 Mathematics for Physicists] by Prof. Fabrice Laussy (Lectures) and Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism I] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) and Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/14620 Quantum mechanics] by Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Lectures) & Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/9395 Scientific computing] by Prof. F.P. Laussy, E. del Valle, A. Nalitov and J. C. {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
<br />
== Level 5 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism II] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) & {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18065 Solid State Physics] by Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
* Mathematical Methods by Dr. Liam Naughton.<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18067 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics], by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18068 Quantum Physics], by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lecture) & Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua (Tutorials).<br />
* Numerical Methods, by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br />
<br />
= Academic calendar =<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:University-of-Wolverhampton---Academic-Calendar-2019.20.png|600px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Timetable =<br />
<br />
[[File:timetable-2019-20-v1.png|750px]]<br />
<br />
= Cohorts =<br />
<br />
Each cohort of Physicists in Wolverhampton gets named after an important physicist who changed his field, despite an off-the-beaten-track academic trajectory, in line with our own objectives and aspirations.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
<gallery heights=200px><br />
File:hanbury-brown.jpg|[[Hanbury Brown cohort]] (2017-2019)|link=[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]<br />
File:Jaynes.jpg|[[Jaynes cohort]]<br> (2018-2021)|link=[[Jaynes cohort]]<br />
File:Mollow.png|[[Mollow cohort]]<br> (2019-2022)|link=[[Mollow cohort]]<br />
</gallery><br />
</center><br />
<br />
Our first generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]''', named after the least conventional, most brilliant and greatest outsider physicist of the 20th century, in line with our seminal Physics course that is making a pioneering journey into a new branch of the University.<br />
<br />
Our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Jaynes cohort]]''', named after the out-of-the-box thinking theorist who challenged the Copenhagen interpretation with his celebrated Jaynes-Cumming model. Also a passionate university teacher, our tribute reminds us of our mission to bring together the best Physics in the classroom and in the literature.<br />
<br />
Our third generation of Wulfrunian Physicists is the '''[[Mollow cohort]]''', named after the maverick theorist who provided the first correct description of resonance fluorescence, i.e., the emission from an atom irradiated coherently at the frequency of its transition. This simple-looking problem is at the heart of quantum optics. The answer is, by the way, a triplet, known as the Mollow triplet.<br />
<br />
= Our Approach =<br />
<br />
Our approach strongly relies on modern pedagogical philosophy, based on active learning. More specifically, we echo at the local scale of our school the structure of science as it unravels at the top level. That is to say, we value notions such as collaborations (peer-teaching), various types of dissemination (oral and written, posters, short presentations), all to be archived as a scientific journal would do of its original content. In particular, we use research-led and research-based teaching, getting up to the standard of professional science right from the beginning and involving elements of ongoing research, to keep our students at the edges of things, at the same time as we bring them there from the very beginning of any standard high education, that is to say, from textbook material and the conventional academic content (Newtonian mechanics, optics, programming languages, etc.) As they explore these classics, the students apply research methods of self-examination, critical queries, actively working with the topics, rather than undertaking a passive exposure and working out exercises that usually consists in repeating a particular case. In the peer-teaching approach, students critically evaluate each other's works. All these approaches, always in some dose along others, are monitored to contribute to the state of the art of pedagogical research in physics education.<br />
<br />
The syllabus of the overall course reads as follow. You can find more course-specific content on [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/ Canvas] (you need to complete your module registration on [https://smsweb.wlv.ac.uk/urd/sits.urd/run/siw_lgn e:Vision] to access them).<br />
<br />
= Zeroth Year (Level 3) =<br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Physics (Foundation Year 3AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is the science of understanding, interpreting and engineering the physical universe. To do so, it relies on a broad set of other disciplines: from pure mathematics which describes fundamental physical laws - to experimental physics, providing both tests of the theory and further insights by systematic explorations or merely trials and errors. This module will first establish the foundations of the discipline, including scientific notations, physical units and dimensional analysis and a survey of mathematical representations of the physical world. It will then introduce the various tools, methods and ways of thinking of a physicist through a combined in-class/laboratory investigation of two of the key notions of physics, namely, oscillations and waves, and forces and energies. These will be illustrated from their manifestation in a range of disciplines, including optics, mechanics and electromagnetism. The emphasis will be on the phenomenology rather than on abstract and sophisticated models. The course is a good introduction to important notions used throughout the scientific spectrum and will provide adequate preparation for more in-depth studies, including for the BSc (Hons) Applied Physics.<br />
<br />
= First Year (Level 4) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
<br />
=== Optics (4AP001)===<br />
<br />
Optics is the Science of light. As our most privileged human contact with the surrounding world is through the eye, optics has always been a central topic in our description of the observable universe. Light is also one of the key technological resources with practical applications found in a variety of technologies and everyday objects, including mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, lasers and fibre optics. Because light is a particular type of electromagnetic waves (with frequencies close to those visible to the naked eye), optical phenomena are just a branch of classical electromagnetism. The full theory is so large however and this particular type is so important that it comes as topic of its own. The module will study two aspects of light: as rays (geometrical optics) and as waves (physical optics). The emphasis will be on geometrical optics with detailed study of optical instrumentation and their applications (magnifiers, cameras, microscope and telescopes, including human vision) in both the classroom and through laboratory sessions. The most important notions of physical optics that provide a more general framework to optical phenomena and prepare more advanced applications, such as interferometry, polarization and diffractive-optics, will be studied at a more introductory level. The module will also survey some advanced notions of photonics in the modern applications of light: the use of lasers, optical detectors, waveguides, fibers and devices for imaging, display and storage, to complete this first outlook on light.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:interferometer.jpg|350px|One of our interferometers, to study Michelson interferences.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematics (4MM011) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is an exact science and is articulated, even in its most applied and experimental aspects, through mathematics of various types and levels. Mathematics will therefore be a topic that will be studied in all years of the BSc (Hons) Physics course, to develop skills to enter employment fully armed with modern mathematical and numerical methods. The first year will refresh previous knowledge, in particular of calculus (of real and complex numbers), and move on from there to introduce basic real analysis (functions of one variable, trigonometry) assuring a working knowledge of integration and derivation. The bulk of the module will be on i) the theory of ordinary differential equations and ii) linear algebra. Both will be studied with practical considerations in mind but algebra will also be introduced as the study of abstract mathematical structures, with the study of sets, groups and vector spaces. The emphasis will remain on vector calculus and computation with matrices and tensors. Finally, rudimentary notions of probability will be studied, with statistics being covered in laboratory sessions. The module will conclude by introducing functions of several variables & their partial derivatives, to be revisited again on next year.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:markov-chain.png|300px|A matrix equation (for Markov chains)]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mechanics (4MM012) ===<br />
<br />
Mechanics is the epitome of physics: it describes and explains the behaviour of physical objects around us, from falling apples to orbiting planets. The first great achievement of Physics as a Science was Newton's understanding that the same laws describe both. The wide range of physical phenomena that can be explained from the laws of classical mechanics makes it a pillar of virtually all other scientific fields. This makes this topic one of the oldest and largest subjects in science, engineering and technology. The module will concentrate on Newtonian mechanics as an introduction to the methods and thinking of a physicist. It will also expand on this classical material to introduce more advanced ideas and concepts of Mechanics, including fluid mechanics, applied mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics. The other branch of mechanics, quantum mechanics, will be studied in a different module. The module will thus focus on the study of the motion of classical bodies and teach how to calculate in various reference frames their position, velocity and acceleration as a function of time under the action of applied forces, with applications to projectiles, astronomical bodies and macroscopic rigid bodies. Important concepts such as conservation laws and symmetry are introduced and studied in a plethora of variations. The dynamics of oscillators, in particular the harmonic oscillator, will be studied in great detail, with emphasis of how various terms in the equation correspond to various scenarios describing a physical object, with basic concepts such as driving and dissipation. The value and interest of exact (closed-form) solutions as compared to approximations will be highlighted.<br />
<br />
Laboratory sessions will be conducted to develop a firm grasp of Physics as an experimental and applied science, focusing on fundamentals such as the study of pendulums and springs, and reproducing pioneering experiments such as the free-falling objects of Galileo. Along with a traditional pen-and-paper approach, an introduction to fully automatised, computer-assisted modern laboratories will be given through a dynamic wireless smart-cart system.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:mini-launcher.jpg|250px|One of our mini launchers, to study the dynamics of falling bodies.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2==<br />
<br />
=== Quantum Mechanics (4AP003)===<br />
<br />
Quantum mechanics describes objects at small scales and low energies. Since our technology relies heavily on miniaturisation, quantum effects become increasingly important in the applied and engineering branches of physics. Every field of physics has its "quantum counterpart". Furthermore, quantum physics is so counter-intuitive that it makes a complete break with so-called "classical physics", even though the latter includes modern developments such as relativity that revolutionised our understanding of the nature of time and space. Being familiar with quantum concepts is not only important from the scientific viewpoint but also from cultural and philosophical point of views: from the quantum Zeno effect to Schrödinger's cat. Quantum physics is so pivotal in modern physics that some aspects of it will be studied in at all three levels of study in the BSc (Hons) Physics course.<br />
<br />
This level 4 module will introduce the problems with classical physics and the need for a paradigm change, how this was made through the concept of a wavefunction and its associated Schrödinger equation. Solving the latter on elementary cases with time-independent Hamiltonian will allow to delve into the interpretation and meaning of the theory. Its axiomatic formulation in an Hilbert space will introduce the formal and abstract aspects. The concept of quantum correlations will be introduced and contrasted to classical physics, with an introduction to the concepts leading to Bell's inequalities. Special emphasis will be given to applications of quantum physics and how it promises another technology revolution for the coming decades. The module will conclude on the two-body problem in quantum mechanics, introducing the notion of bosons and fermions.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:wavefunction.png|350px|The quantum wavefunction.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electromagnetism 1 (4AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is a Science of "unification", striving to find general fundamental principles that explain the largest possible extent of observed phenomena with the simplest set of physical laws. In this respect, electromagnetism is the standard theory that led to the unification of two important branches of physics: electricity and magnetism. Its further extension led to the "standard model" of particle physics. This level 4 module will bring us toward the culmination of the theory, namely Maxwell's equations, through preparatory study of vector calculus and in-depth separate analyses of the electric and magnetic fields. This will create familiarity with the respective phenomenology that are of considerable importance for the subject of applied physics. These phenomenon fall under the denomination of electrostatic (the science of electric charges) and magnetostatic (the science of magnets). Special emphasis will be given to electronic circuits as an applied illustration of important concepts of electrodynamics, and to support the laboratory sessions that will focus on these aspects.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:electrostatics.png|350px|One of our electrostatic kit, including a giant capacitor and Faraday ice pail.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Scientific Computing (4AP006)===<br />
<br />
With the advent and generalisation of computers, Science has taken a new turn. It is now possible to make breakthrough discoveries or reach record-breaking calculations with a standard home computer. Whilst this influences all of the Sciences, Physics is particularly affected since a physical problem is often reduced to solving an equation, which can usually be done numerically. The unique skillsets of Physicists in adapting computer resources to the wide variety of their problems make them highly sought in numerous areas extraneous to their speciality, such as in finance and banking, where they have proven to be the most versatile, resourceful and able users of computer simulations. Since numerical methods are a considerable resource, that will prove useful whatever the future occupation of any physicist will be, the topic will be studied throughout the course. <br />
<br />
This module will first introduce the use of computer resources in networking systems. The unix/linux-based scientific computing environment will be introduced for its scripting features, data processing tools as well as for the standard scientific document typesetting system (LaTeX). This environment will contribute to applications for the Enterprise and Employability Award through content-based rather than look-focused approach in setting up a resume, motivation letter and writting an application, and later for the preparation of Research-level scientific reports for the laboratory experiments. <br />
The module will then introduce basic algorithms and teach elementary numerical methods such as solving sets of linear equations, methods of interpolation, finding roots of nonlinear equations, evaluating integrals and will introduce direct methods for solving ordinary differential equations. The modules will be intensively based on laboratory sessions and practical work and will also teach the necessary programming skills. To endow the student with modern and powerful tools, the course will be taught in the Python programming language, which is a high-level language fairly easy to learn and affording great code readability. This will form a good starting point for development of other programming languages that will be needed on the professional market (where Python is also highly sought). It allows for interacting programming through ipython and Jupyter that is of great pedagogical value. All of these resources are open sources so students can study and apply their knowledge outside of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:ipynb_flat.png|350px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Second Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Electromagnetism 2 (5AP001)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the material studied in the 4AP004-Electromagnetism I, which concluded with the presentation of Maxwell's equations, brought together by separate studies of electric and magnetic phenomena. This level 5 module combines the equations, adding the one final piece brought by Maxwell, and show how this complete description of the time-and-space varying electromagnetic field opens a whole new realm of physical phenomena and applications. The module will show in particular how light emerges out of the equations and, remarkably, how the speed of light in a vacuum arises as a universal constant that is dependent only on the electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space. It will study light's propagation subsequent to its radiation by a source, a problem known as "electrodynamics". The study of light's interaction with matter will allow to revisit one's knowledge of optics from a more fundamental point of view and better appreciate the hierarchy of the subfields of physics. Intensive laboratory sessions will provide insights through a variety of microwave experiments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:microwave-setup.png|350px|One of our kits to explore microwaves.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Solid State Physics (5AP002)===<br />
<br />
Solid state physics is an introduction to condensed matter physics, within which you will study the particular topic of widest interest: that of rigid matter. This topic is both better understood and of greatest practical use for technology and industry, the bulk of which relies on a particular types of solids—semiconductors—that provide the bulk material for electronic devices. Solid state physics considers how large-scale properties of solids arise from fundamental phenomena taking place in crystalline ordering of densely packed atoms. It is a rich and fruitful field that illustrates how simple ideas lead to extremely complex behaviours when involving many-body physics. It also brings together various subfields of physics, from classical to quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistics, to this playground and considers how various phenomena have different origins or, in contrast, stem from a combination of several disciplines. This develops the ability to explain something out of a simple model. Solid state physics focuses on the mechanical (e.g., hardness and elasticity), thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of crystals. This module will describe all these aspects in details with a joint theoretical description in class and laboratory experimentation, contrasting different types of solids as probed through these various characteristics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:diamagnetism.png|300px|Diamagnetism.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematical Methods (5AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will strengthen the mathematical apparatus required to support the increasing knowledge and depth of description of the physical phenomena, now extending to functions of several variables and their associated partial differential equations. Calculus of vector field will also be covered in parallel through the Electromagnism II module. Complex analysis will extend calculus to the case of complex functions of complex variables, showing the stronger notion of derivatives through the CauchyRiemann's theorem and the notion of analycity. The module will then starts a paradigm shift towards providing the "Mathematical Methods" which are useful in physics, that consist of specialized techniques and tools from a given Mathematical discipline, that the physicist does not usually need to know in its entirety. Finally, the study of dynamical systems will be studied with some emphasis on applications for Physics (bistability and hysteresis of nonlinear oscillators, laser thresholds, Liénard systems, relaxation oscillations, etc.) <br />
<br />
<center>[[File:duffing-attractor.png|300px|The Duffing attractor, an example of a dynamical system.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics (5AP004) ===<br />
<br />
The unit to measure the "number of things", the mole, is unfathomably large, of the order of $10^{23}$ objects. In such conditions, describing a mole of, say, a gas, seems a daunting task, given the sheer amount of underlying constituents that interact between each other. It is one insight of thermodynamics and statistical physics that such complex objects can however be described, essentially completely and exactly with only a few variables. In fact, the larger the number of objects, the more accurate the description. An important illustration is the case of thermodynamics, the science of heat-flow and its relation to work, that is such a macroscopic consequence of statistical (and quantum) mechanics. An understanding of thermal physics is crucial, not only to modern physics, but also to chemistry, biology, computer science and, of course, several subfields of engineering. The module introduces key notions of statistical mechanics, with a strong emphasis on thermodynamics, but surveying also the other fields of interest for Physics, namely, solid state physics, optics and also complex systems.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:blackbody-radiation.png|350px|Our setup to measure blackbody radiation.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Quantum Physics (5AP005) ===<br />
<br />
This level 5 module on quantum mechanics will first extend the theory to a three-dimensional setting, taking advantage of a now better familiarity with more advanced mathematical tools, and then turn to applications of the theory to various cases and concepts of applied interest, including the description of the fundamental, and most common, atom in the universe: hydrogen. It will be shown how quantum mechanics explains the empirically observed spectroscopic lines of this and other chemical compounds. The physics of spin will be studied in detail, considering problems such as the dynamics of an electron in a magnetic field, already studied in the electromagnetism modules, being revisited here by the quantum theory. The addition of angular momenta will provide an opportunity to play with quantum algebra and see how quantum numbers behave in an unfamiliar fashion that requires much practice to be acquainted with. Useful and important computational techniques will be studied, such as perturbation theory, to provide a finer description of the hydrogen atom, or the variational principle, to study the molecule of Helium. Other techniques, such as the WKB approximation, adiabatic approximation, etc., will prepare the student for advanced use of the quantum theory in the description and understanding of the most contemporary systems and problems of modern physics, to be fully unravelled at level 6.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:sphericalharmonics.jpg|420px|Spherical harmonics describing the hydrogen atom.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Numerical Methods (5AP006)===<br />
<br />
This module will, in line with the expertise now acquired in the other disciplines of Physics, provide the tools to solve numerical problems that are time-dependent, in particular those involving fields. Concrete problems that arise from other modules, such as solving the heat equation in nontrivial geometries, computing a flow with various models and approximations, propagating a complex wavefunction or solving Maxwell equations, will be brought to the computer and studied there numerically, with emphasis on notions such as stability and convergence. This module will also provide a first experience with research-type problems involving the student's own analysis and judgement, to direct the most promising directions for further exploration.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:numerical-methods-level5.png|350px|Comparisons of various numerical methods.]]</center><br />
<br />
= Optional Third Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Sandwich Placement (5AP008) ==<br />
<br />
You have the opportunity to make a sandwich placement, somewhere in industry, a corporation, R&D center, hospital (medical Physics) or basically any place where you will be able to exercise your Physics skills and acquire new tricks, develop your network of contacts and prepare yourself a great future on the job market. This is optional. If you go through this route, you'll graduate after Level 6 on the fourth year.<br />
<br />
= Third Year (Level 6) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Modern Physics (6AP010) ===<br />
<br />
Modern Physics refers to the branches of physics that developed in the 20th century and beyond, extending the classical topics of mechanics and electromagnetism to the extreme conditions of very small sizes and/or high energies. The first breakup with classical physics was Einstein's theory of special relativity, that gave a new meaning to space and time. A first chapter of the module studies this pillar of modern physics, culminating with relativistic kinematics. The other breakup, that came with quantum theory, was so widespread and far-reaching that its material is studied independently in previous models of the course (quantum mechanics and quantum physics). This module focuses instead on its recent developments for the theory of information and towards technological applications. A success of modern physics is to describe all known particles in a unified, so-called standard model, that is overviewed at a phenomenological level, from elementary particles up to the nuclear model, presenting the two remaining forces of nature (weak and strong forces). A final chapter on general relativity, and how the curvature of spacetime describes gravitation, with some applications for cosmology, concludes this succinct picture of modern Physics. The module will allow students to get a good grip of the modern landscape of Physics as well as to be armed towards pursuing specialized Physics topics at a Master level in a broad variety of topics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:black-hole.png|275px|First observation of a black hole.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Computational Physics (6AP002)===<br />
<br />
The mathematical and computational aspects of physics will be brought together in a single module to provide the tools required for the student to develop their own capacity in identifying and solving problems. Topics in Mathematics will include Fourier and Laplace analysis, variational calculus, Green functions, and Optimization. More computer-oriented topics will introduce students to the field that sits at the boundary of Physics and Mathematics and Computer Science and that emerges as a discipline of its own: known as "numerical experiments" (or "simulation experiment"). Topics in this subject will include Monte Carlo methods, theory of algorithms and some notion of complexity and information theory, as well as an introduction to parallel and distributed programming. Emphasis will be given to computational analysis of the systems studied in Condensed Matter physics module (6AP001).<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:g2-monte-carlos.png|350px|A result of a computer experiment with photo-detection and its fit to theory.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 1 (6AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will prepare the level 6 student to undertake, under supervision, autonomous work in a University environment to produce original research. This will aid future employability, opening up the possibility to apply for a masters course or to join the most dynamic areas of the employment market place. This module will bring together all the skills developed and perfected up till now, including literature review, rapid understanding and distilling of considerable amounts of complex information, as well as a capacity to identify the required tools to tackle a problem. This first-semester module will present students with a set of problems, with various levels of laboratory, computer, and theory-based content (in most cases with a blend of all these). These problems will be discussed with a personal research-active tutor, so as to agree on a topic of mutual interest and the direction to explore. In this first stage, students will undertake a literature review and produce a scientific poster and written reports relating to research undertaken. The poster will be presented to the rest of the Physics students (including level 4 & 5 students), who will provide feedback and comments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:Quiet-zone-400x296.jpg|300px|A popular place with Researchers.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
=== Condensed Matter Physics (6AP001) ===<br />
<br />
Condensed matter physics describes the wide variety of condensed phases of matter, including, but not limited to, the most familiar forms that are the liquid and solid states, whose dedicated study makes a topic of its own. Indeed, condensed matter extends to more exotic phases such as glasses, liquid crystals, quasi-crystals, plasmas, (anti)ferromagnets or non-Newtonian fluids (that change their viscosity or flow behaviour under stress), to name a few. Condensed matter also describes fundamental states of matter ruled by quantum phenomena, including Bose-Einstein condensates, superconductors that conduct electricity without losses, and superfluids that flow without resistance. As such, condensed matter relies extensively on a combination of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics. It is an advanced topic that requires a firm understanding of all these disciplines, that, when brought together, give rise to the emergence of new concepts, following Anderson's credo: "More is different". The module will cover such important modern notions of contemporary physics, including broken symmetries, order parameters and topology.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:giant-magnetoresistance.png|350px|Measurement of giant magnetoresistance.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electrodynamics (6AP012) ===<br />
<br />
Electrodynamics is the science of the interaction between light and matter. This module brings together all the ingredients studied in details throughout the course, to give the final picture of how objects interact at the most fundamental level. The material starts in the wake of Electromagnetism II with radiation theory, or how accelerating charges produce electromagnetic fields. Then the classical theory of Maxwell equations is revisited from the point of view of special relativity, showing how the magnetic field emerges as a relativistic effect. In the second part of the module, we turn to the quantization of the electromagnetic field and its interaction with matter. We first complete the picture of the hydrogen atom from the Quantum Physics module, by studying its hyperfine structure and spontaneous emission. We then overview both the low and high-energy regimes of electrodynamics, with Dirac's equation for the electron and the Feynman diagrammatic rules on the one hand, and a study of the basic models of light-matter interactions that are resonance fluorescence, Rabi oscillations and the Jaynes-Cummings model, on the other hand.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photoelectric.png|350px|One of our setup to detect single photons.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 2 (6AP009)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the "Research 1" module (6AP003), engaging students in active research related to an identified problem. A weekly meeting will bring together the student and their personal research-active tutor, and/or the rest of the class, to describe progress, ideas, problems and difficulties and, if applicable, results. At the end of the module, the student will provide i) a 15 minutes oral presentation in conference style, in front of a panel of referees who will ask questions on the research results, and a ii) written report in the form and style of a research article. In case of valuable results in a nontrivial problem, the latter will be submitted for publication and evaluated by research peers beyond the walls of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:prl-2017.png|300px|The portal of Phys. Rev. Lett.]]</center></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_BSc&diff=1236Physics BSc2019-11-24T23:49:29Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Teaching Staff */</p>
<hr />
<div>:''All science is either Physics or stamp collecting.'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford Ernest Rutherford].<br />
<br />
We are studying the Universe in Wolverhampton, at all the levels. It starts with our B.Sc Physics course, where we learn about Mechanics&mdash;both classical and quantum&mdash;optics and the language of the firmament: Mathematics. We then proceed to the most beautiful equations, that of Maxwell, that describe light, tame computers and carry on to understand everything else, from the physics of a superconductor to black holes. This page will give you a short overview of the main features of our course. While most of the fastly moving, dynamically changing things happen in Canvas on a lecture per lecture basis, this webspace hosts the slower action that takes place at the deeper level, involving all the courses together. You should be pointed to it whenever your visit will be needed, but feel free to come back any time to consult any item of interest or see if things happen unnoticed.<br />
<br />
Useful links:<br />
<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/Academic_Calendar_2018-19.pdf Academic calendar 2018-19].<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/ Timetables for modules] (or directly to [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/module_1.asp?previous=0 the modules]).<br />
* [https://www.wlv.ac.uk/current-students/examinations--timetabling-/university-rooms/ Rooms].<br />
<br />
= Teaching Staff =<br />
<br />
Prof. [[Fabrice|Fabrice Laussy]] is the Director of Studies for Physics at the University, with responsibility for the success and well-being of all the enrolled students. Dr. [[Elena|Del Valle]] and [[Anton|Nalitov]] are lecturers of Quantum Optics and Condensed-Matter, respectively. Dr. [[Andrew|Gascoyne]] is a Lecturer of Mathematics. Dr. J. Camilo [[Camilo|{{lopezcarreno}}]] is teaching assistant.<br />
<br />
<gallery perrow=3><br />
File:picture-fabrice.jpeg|Prof. Dr. Fabrice Laussy<br>[https://goo.gl/yYRqJK web] - [mailto:fabrice.laussy@gmail.com mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2270'''<br><small>Mathematics for Physics<br>Quantum Physics</small><br />
File:Elena-del-Valle-2019.jpg|Dr. Elena del Valle<br> - [mailto:e.delvalle@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2458'''<br><small>Electromagnetism I<br>Electromagnetism II<br>Foundation Year</small><br />
File:AntonNalitov.jpg|Dr. Anton Nalitov<br> - [mailto:A.Nalitov@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''1178'''<br><small>Optics<br>Thermal Physics</small><br />
File:Gascoyne_profile_photo2.jpg|Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br>[https://goo.gl/hFf752 web] - [mailto:A.D.Gascoyne@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 51'''8576'''<br><small>Mechanics<br>Scientific computing<br>Numerical Methods</small><br />
File:camilo-portrait-squared.jpg|Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}<br>[https://tinyurl.com/y5tlysgh web] - [mailto:J.LopezCarreno@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2187'''<br><small>Solid State<br>Quantum Mechanics</small><br />
File:SanaKhalid.jpeg|Sana Khalid<br>- [mailto:S.Khalid@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br><small>Mathematics<br>Quantum Mechanics</small> <br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
Our Academic Coach is Holly Herzberg – [mailto:Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk]. Please contact Sarah for support with problems which do not have a physics flavour.<br />
<br />
= Lectures =<br />
== Level 3 ==<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/16787 Foundation Year Physics] by Dr. del Valle, Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures) & Elouise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
<br />
== Level 4 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17299 Optics] by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* Mechanics by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne (Lectures & labs) & Eloise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17704 Mathematics for Physicists] by Prof. Fabrice Laussy (Lectures) and Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism I] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) and Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/14620 Quantum mechanics] by Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Lectures) & Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/9395 Scientific computing] by Prof. F.P. Laussy, E. del Valle, A. Nalitov and J. C. {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
<br />
== Level 5 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism II] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) & {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18065 Solid State Physics] by Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
* Mathematical Methods by Dr. Liam Naughton.<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18067 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics], by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18068 Quantum Physics], by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lecture) & Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua (Tutorials).<br />
* Numerical Methods, by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br />
<br />
= Academic calendar =<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:University-of-Wolverhampton---Academic-Calendar-2019.20.png|600px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Timetable =<br />
<br />
[[File:timetable-2019-20-v1.png|750px]]<br />
<br />
= Cohorts =<br />
<br />
Each cohort of Physicists in Wolverhampton gets named after an important physicist who changed his field, despite an off-the-beaten-track academic trajectory, in line with our own objectives and aspirations.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
<gallery heights=200px><br />
File:hanbury-brown.jpg|[[Hanbury Brown cohort]] (2017-2019)|link=[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]<br />
File:Jaynes.jpg|[[Jaynes cohort]]<br> (2018-2021)|link=[[Jaynes cohort]]<br />
File:Mollow.png|[[Mollow cohort]]<br> (2019-2022)|link=[[Mollow cohort]]<br />
</gallery><br />
</center><br />
<br />
Our first generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]''', named after the least conventional, most brilliant and greatest outsider physicist of the 20th century, in line with our seminal Physics course that is making a pioneering journey into a new branch of the University.<br />
<br />
Our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Jaynes cohort]]''', named after the out-of-the-box thinking theorist who challenged the Copenhagen interpretation with his celebrated Jaynes-Cumming model. Also a passionate university teacher, our tribute reminds us of our mission to bring together the best Physics in the classroom and in the literature.<br />
<br />
Our third generation of Wulfrunian Physicists is the '''[[Mollow cohort]]''', named after the maverick theorist who provided the first correct description of resonance fluorescence, i.e., the emission from an atom irradiated coherently at the frequency of its transition. This simple-looking problem is at the heart of quantum optics. The answer is, by the way, a triplet, known as the Mollow triplet.<br />
<br />
= Our Approach =<br />
<br />
Our approach strongly relies on modern pedagogical philosophy, based on active learning. More specifically, we echo at the local scale of our school the structure of science as it unravels at the top level. That is to say, we value notions such as collaborations (peer-teaching), various types of dissemination (oral and written, posters, short presentations), all to be archived as a scientific journal would do of its original content. In particular, we use research-led and research-based teaching, getting up to the standard of professional science right from the beginning and involving elements of ongoing research, to keep our students at the edges of things, at the same time as we bring them there from the very beginning of any standard high education, that is to say, from textbook material and the conventional academic content (Newtonian mechanics, optics, programming languages, etc.) As they explore these classics, the students apply research methods of self-examination, critical queries, actively working with the topics, rather than undertaking a passive exposure and working out exercises that usually consists in repeating a particular case. In the peer-teaching approach, students critically evaluate each other's works. All these approaches, always in some dose along others, are monitored to contribute to the state of the art of pedagogical research in physics education.<br />
<br />
The syllabus of the overall course reads as follow. You can find more course-specific content on [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/ Canvas] (you need to complete your module registration on [https://smsweb.wlv.ac.uk/urd/sits.urd/run/siw_lgn e:Vision] to access them).<br />
<br />
= Zeroth Year (Level 3) =<br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Physics (Foundation Year 3AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is the science of understanding, interpreting and engineering the physical universe. To do so, it relies on a broad set of other disciplines: from pure mathematics which describes fundamental physical laws - to experimental physics, providing both tests of the theory and further insights by systematic explorations or merely trials and errors. This module will first establish the foundations of the discipline, including scientific notations, physical units and dimensional analysis and a survey of mathematical representations of the physical world. It will then introduce the various tools, methods and ways of thinking of a physicist through a combined in-class/laboratory investigation of two of the key notions of physics, namely, oscillations and waves, and forces and energies. These will be illustrated from their manifestation in a range of disciplines, including optics, mechanics and electromagnetism. The emphasis will be on the phenomenology rather than on abstract and sophisticated models. The course is a good introduction to important notions used throughout the scientific spectrum and will provide adequate preparation for more in-depth studies, including for the BSc (Hons) Applied Physics.<br />
<br />
= First Year (Level 4) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
<br />
=== Optics (4AP001)===<br />
<br />
Optics is the Science of light. As our most privileged human contact with the surrounding world is through the eye, optics has always been a central topic in our description of the observable universe. Light is also one of the key technological resources with practical applications found in a variety of technologies and everyday objects, including mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, lasers and fibre optics. Because light is a particular type of electromagnetic waves (with frequencies close to those visible to the naked eye), optical phenomena are just a branch of classical electromagnetism. The full theory is so large however and this particular type is so important that it comes as topic of its own. The module will study two aspects of light: as rays (geometrical optics) and as waves (physical optics). The emphasis will be on geometrical optics with detailed study of optical instrumentation and their applications (magnifiers, cameras, microscope and telescopes, including human vision) in both the classroom and through laboratory sessions. The most important notions of physical optics that provide a more general framework to optical phenomena and prepare more advanced applications, such as interferometry, polarization and diffractive-optics, will be studied at a more introductory level. The module will also survey some advanced notions of photonics in the modern applications of light: the use of lasers, optical detectors, waveguides, fibers and devices for imaging, display and storage, to complete this first outlook on light.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:interferometer.jpg|350px|One of our interferometers, to study Michelson interferences.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematics (4MM011) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is an exact science and is articulated, even in its most applied and experimental aspects, through mathematics of various types and levels. Mathematics will therefore be a topic that will be studied in all years of the BSc (Hons) Physics course, to develop skills to enter employment fully armed with modern mathematical and numerical methods. The first year will refresh previous knowledge, in particular of calculus (of real and complex numbers), and move on from there to introduce basic real analysis (functions of one variable, trigonometry) assuring a working knowledge of integration and derivation. The bulk of the module will be on i) the theory of ordinary differential equations and ii) linear algebra. Both will be studied with practical considerations in mind but algebra will also be introduced as the study of abstract mathematical structures, with the study of sets, groups and vector spaces. The emphasis will remain on vector calculus and computation with matrices and tensors. Finally, rudimentary notions of probability will be studied, with statistics being covered in laboratory sessions. The module will conclude by introducing functions of several variables & their partial derivatives, to be revisited again on next year.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:markov-chain.png|300px|A matrix equation (for Markov chains)]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mechanics (4MM012) ===<br />
<br />
Mechanics is the epitome of physics: it describes and explains the behaviour of physical objects around us, from falling apples to orbiting planets. The first great achievement of Physics as a Science was Newton's understanding that the same laws describe both. The wide range of physical phenomena that can be explained from the laws of classical mechanics makes it a pillar of virtually all other scientific fields. This makes this topic one of the oldest and largest subjects in science, engineering and technology. The module will concentrate on Newtonian mechanics as an introduction to the methods and thinking of a physicist. It will also expand on this classical material to introduce more advanced ideas and concepts of Mechanics, including fluid mechanics, applied mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics. The other branch of mechanics, quantum mechanics, will be studied in a different module. The module will thus focus on the study of the motion of classical bodies and teach how to calculate in various reference frames their position, velocity and acceleration as a function of time under the action of applied forces, with applications to projectiles, astronomical bodies and macroscopic rigid bodies. Important concepts such as conservation laws and symmetry are introduced and studied in a plethora of variations. The dynamics of oscillators, in particular the harmonic oscillator, will be studied in great detail, with emphasis of how various terms in the equation correspond to various scenarios describing a physical object, with basic concepts such as driving and dissipation. The value and interest of exact (closed-form) solutions as compared to approximations will be highlighted.<br />
<br />
Laboratory sessions will be conducted to develop a firm grasp of Physics as an experimental and applied science, focusing on fundamentals such as the study of pendulums and springs, and reproducing pioneering experiments such as the free-falling objects of Galileo. Along with a traditional pen-and-paper approach, an introduction to fully automatised, computer-assisted modern laboratories will be given through a dynamic wireless smart-cart system.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:mini-launcher.jpg|250px|One of our mini launchers, to study the dynamics of falling bodies.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2==<br />
<br />
=== Quantum Mechanics (4AP003)===<br />
<br />
Quantum mechanics describes objects at small scales and low energies. Since our technology relies heavily on miniaturisation, quantum effects become increasingly important in the applied and engineering branches of physics. Every field of physics has its "quantum counterpart". Furthermore, quantum physics is so counter-intuitive that it makes a complete break with so-called "classical physics", even though the latter includes modern developments such as relativity that revolutionised our understanding of the nature of time and space. Being familiar with quantum concepts is not only important from the scientific viewpoint but also from cultural and philosophical point of views: from the quantum Zeno effect to Schrödinger's cat. Quantum physics is so pivotal in modern physics that some aspects of it will be studied in at all three levels of study in the BSc (Hons) Physics course.<br />
<br />
This level 4 module will introduce the problems with classical physics and the need for a paradigm change, how this was made through the concept of a wavefunction and its associated Schrödinger equation. Solving the latter on elementary cases with time-independent Hamiltonian will allow to delve into the interpretation and meaning of the theory. Its axiomatic formulation in an Hilbert space will introduce the formal and abstract aspects. The concept of quantum correlations will be introduced and contrasted to classical physics, with an introduction to the concepts leading to Bell's inequalities. Special emphasis will be given to applications of quantum physics and how it promises another technology revolution for the coming decades. The module will conclude on the two-body problem in quantum mechanics, introducing the notion of bosons and fermions.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:wavefunction.png|350px|The quantum wavefunction.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electromagnetism 1 (4AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is a Science of "unification", striving to find general fundamental principles that explain the largest possible extent of observed phenomena with the simplest set of physical laws. In this respect, electromagnetism is the standard theory that led to the unification of two important branches of physics: electricity and magnetism. Its further extension led to the "standard model" of particle physics. This level 4 module will bring us toward the culmination of the theory, namely Maxwell's equations, through preparatory study of vector calculus and in-depth separate analyses of the electric and magnetic fields. This will create familiarity with the respective phenomenology that are of considerable importance for the subject of applied physics. These phenomenon fall under the denomination of electrostatic (the science of electric charges) and magnetostatic (the science of magnets). Special emphasis will be given to electronic circuits as an applied illustration of important concepts of electrodynamics, and to support the laboratory sessions that will focus on these aspects.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:electrostatics.png|350px|One of our electrostatic kit, including a giant capacitor and Faraday ice pail.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Scientific Computing (4AP006)===<br />
<br />
With the advent and generalisation of computers, Science has taken a new turn. It is now possible to make breakthrough discoveries or reach record-breaking calculations with a standard home computer. Whilst this influences all of the Sciences, Physics is particularly affected since a physical problem is often reduced to solving an equation, which can usually be done numerically. The unique skillsets of Physicists in adapting computer resources to the wide variety of their problems make them highly sought in numerous areas extraneous to their speciality, such as in finance and banking, where they have proven to be the most versatile, resourceful and able users of computer simulations. Since numerical methods are a considerable resource, that will prove useful whatever the future occupation of any physicist will be, the topic will be studied throughout the course. <br />
<br />
This module will first introduce the use of computer resources in networking systems. The unix/linux-based scientific computing environment will be introduced for its scripting features, data processing tools as well as for the standard scientific document typesetting system (LaTeX). This environment will contribute to applications for the Enterprise and Employability Award through content-based rather than look-focused approach in setting up a resume, motivation letter and writting an application, and later for the preparation of Research-level scientific reports for the laboratory experiments. <br />
The module will then introduce basic algorithms and teach elementary numerical methods such as solving sets of linear equations, methods of interpolation, finding roots of nonlinear equations, evaluating integrals and will introduce direct methods for solving ordinary differential equations. The modules will be intensively based on laboratory sessions and practical work and will also teach the necessary programming skills. To endow the student with modern and powerful tools, the course will be taught in the Python programming language, which is a high-level language fairly easy to learn and affording great code readability. This will form a good starting point for development of other programming languages that will be needed on the professional market (where Python is also highly sought). It allows for interacting programming through ipython and Jupyter that is of great pedagogical value. All of these resources are open sources so students can study and apply their knowledge outside of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:ipynb_flat.png|350px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Second Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Electromagnetism 2 (5AP001)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the material studied in the 4AP004-Electromagnetism I, which concluded with the presentation of Maxwell's equations, brought together by separate studies of electric and magnetic phenomena. This level 5 module combines the equations, adding the one final piece brought by Maxwell, and show how this complete description of the time-and-space varying electromagnetic field opens a whole new realm of physical phenomena and applications. The module will show in particular how light emerges out of the equations and, remarkably, how the speed of light in a vacuum arises as a universal constant that is dependent only on the electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space. It will study light's propagation subsequent to its radiation by a source, a problem known as "electrodynamics". The study of light's interaction with matter will allow to revisit one's knowledge of optics from a more fundamental point of view and better appreciate the hierarchy of the subfields of physics. Intensive laboratory sessions will provide insights through a variety of microwave experiments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:microwave-setup.png|350px|One of our kits to explore microwaves.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Solid State Physics (5AP002)===<br />
<br />
Solid state physics is an introduction to condensed matter physics, within which you will study the particular topic of widest interest: that of rigid matter. This topic is both better understood and of greatest practical use for technology and industry, the bulk of which relies on a particular types of solids—semiconductors—that provide the bulk material for electronic devices. Solid state physics considers how large-scale properties of solids arise from fundamental phenomena taking place in crystalline ordering of densely packed atoms. It is a rich and fruitful field that illustrates how simple ideas lead to extremely complex behaviours when involving many-body physics. It also brings together various subfields of physics, from classical to quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistics, to this playground and considers how various phenomena have different origins or, in contrast, stem from a combination of several disciplines. This develops the ability to explain something out of a simple model. Solid state physics focuses on the mechanical (e.g., hardness and elasticity), thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of crystals. This module will describe all these aspects in details with a joint theoretical description in class and laboratory experimentation, contrasting different types of solids as probed through these various characteristics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:diamagnetism.png|300px|Diamagnetism.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematical Methods (5AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will strengthen the mathematical apparatus required to support the increasing knowledge and depth of description of the physical phenomena, now extending to functions of several variables and their associated partial differential equations. Calculus of vector field will also be covered in parallel through the Electromagnism II module. Complex analysis will extend calculus to the case of complex functions of complex variables, showing the stronger notion of derivatives through the CauchyRiemann's theorem and the notion of analycity. The module will then starts a paradigm shift towards providing the "Mathematical Methods" which are useful in physics, that consist of specialized techniques and tools from a given Mathematical discipline, that the physicist does not usually need to know in its entirety. Finally, the study of dynamical systems will be studied with some emphasis on applications for Physics (bistability and hysteresis of nonlinear oscillators, laser thresholds, Liénard systems, relaxation oscillations, etc.) <br />
<br />
<center>[[File:duffing-attractor.png|300px|The Duffing attractor, an example of a dynamical system.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics (5AP004) ===<br />
<br />
The unit to measure the "number of things", the mole, is unfathomably large, of the order of $10^{23}$ objects. In such conditions, describing a mole of, say, a gas, seems a daunting task, given the sheer amount of underlying constituents that interact between each other. It is one insight of thermodynamics and statistical physics that such complex objects can however be described, essentially completely and exactly with only a few variables. In fact, the larger the number of objects, the more accurate the description. An important illustration is the case of thermodynamics, the science of heat-flow and its relation to work, that is such a macroscopic consequence of statistical (and quantum) mechanics. An understanding of thermal physics is crucial, not only to modern physics, but also to chemistry, biology, computer science and, of course, several subfields of engineering. The module introduces key notions of statistical mechanics, with a strong emphasis on thermodynamics, but surveying also the other fields of interest for Physics, namely, solid state physics, optics and also complex systems.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:blackbody-radiation.png|350px|Our setup to measure blackbody radiation.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Quantum Physics (5AP005) ===<br />
<br />
This level 5 module on quantum mechanics will first extend the theory to a three-dimensional setting, taking advantage of a now better familiarity with more advanced mathematical tools, and then turn to applications of the theory to various cases and concepts of applied interest, including the description of the fundamental, and most common, atom in the universe: hydrogen. It will be shown how quantum mechanics explains the empirically observed spectroscopic lines of this and other chemical compounds. The physics of spin will be studied in detail, considering problems such as the dynamics of an electron in a magnetic field, already studied in the electromagnetism modules, being revisited here by the quantum theory. The addition of angular momenta will provide an opportunity to play with quantum algebra and see how quantum numbers behave in an unfamiliar fashion that requires much practice to be acquainted with. Useful and important computational techniques will be studied, such as perturbation theory, to provide a finer description of the hydrogen atom, or the variational principle, to study the molecule of Helium. Other techniques, such as the WKB approximation, adiabatic approximation, etc., will prepare the student for advanced use of the quantum theory in the description and understanding of the most contemporary systems and problems of modern physics, to be fully unravelled at level 6.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:sphericalharmonics.jpg|420px|Spherical harmonics describing the hydrogen atom.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Numerical Methods (5AP006)===<br />
<br />
This module will, in line with the expertise now acquired in the other disciplines of Physics, provide the tools to solve numerical problems that are time-dependent, in particular those involving fields. Concrete problems that arise from other modules, such as solving the heat equation in nontrivial geometries, computing a flow with various models and approximations, propagating a complex wavefunction or solving Maxwell equations, will be brought to the computer and studied there numerically, with emphasis on notions such as stability and convergence. This module will also provide a first experience with research-type problems involving the student's own analysis and judgement, to direct the most promising directions for further exploration.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:numerical-methods-level5.png|350px|Comparisons of various numerical methods.]]</center><br />
<br />
= Optional Third Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Sandwich Placement (5AP008) ==<br />
<br />
You have the opportunity to make a sandwich placement, somewhere in industry, a corporation, R&D center, hospital (medical Physics) or basically any place where you will be able to exercise your Physics skills and acquire new tricks, develop your network of contacts and prepare yourself a great future on the job market. This is optional. If you go through this route, you'll graduate after Level 6 on the fourth year.<br />
<br />
= Third Year (Level 6) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Modern Physics (6AP010) ===<br />
<br />
Modern Physics refers to the branches of physics that developed in the 20th century and beyond, extending the classical topics of mechanics and electromagnetism to the extreme conditions of very small sizes and/or high energies. The first breakup with classical physics was Einstein's theory of special relativity, that gave a new meaning to space and time. A first chapter of the module studies this pillar of modern physics, culminating with relativistic kinematics. The other breakup, that came with quantum theory, was so widespread and far-reaching that its material is studied independently in previous models of the course (quantum mechanics and quantum physics). This module focuses instead on its recent developments for the theory of information and towards technological applications. A success of modern physics is to describe all known particles in a unified, so-called standard model, that is overviewed at a phenomenological level, from elementary particles up to the nuclear model, presenting the two remaining forces of nature (weak and strong forces). A final chapter on general relativity, and how the curvature of spacetime describes gravitation, with some applications for cosmology, concludes this succinct picture of modern Physics. The module will allow students to get a good grip of the modern landscape of Physics as well as to be armed towards pursuing specialized Physics topics at a Master level in a broad variety of topics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:black-hole.png|275px|First observation of a black hole.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Computational Physics (6AP002)===<br />
<br />
The mathematical and computational aspects of physics will be brought together in a single module to provide the tools required for the student to develop their own capacity in identifying and solving problems. Topics in Mathematics will include Fourier and Laplace analysis, variational calculus, Green functions, and Optimization. More computer-oriented topics will introduce students to the field that sits at the boundary of Physics and Mathematics and Computer Science and that emerges as a discipline of its own: known as "numerical experiments" (or "simulation experiment"). Topics in this subject will include Monte Carlo methods, theory of algorithms and some notion of complexity and information theory, as well as an introduction to parallel and distributed programming. Emphasis will be given to computational analysis of the systems studied in Condensed Matter physics module (6AP001).<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:g2-monte-carlos.png|350px|A result of a computer experiment with photo-detection and its fit to theory.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 1 (6AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will prepare the level 6 student to undertake, under supervision, autonomous work in a University environment to produce original research. This will aid future employability, opening up the possibility to apply for a masters course or to join the most dynamic areas of the employment market place. This module will bring together all the skills developed and perfected up till now, including literature review, rapid understanding and distilling of considerable amounts of complex information, as well as a capacity to identify the required tools to tackle a problem. This first-semester module will present students with a set of problems, with various levels of laboratory, computer, and theory-based content (in most cases with a blend of all these). These problems will be discussed with a personal research-active tutor, so as to agree on a topic of mutual interest and the direction to explore. In this first stage, students will undertake a literature review and produce a scientific poster and written reports relating to research undertaken. The poster will be presented to the rest of the Physics students (including level 4 & 5 students), who will provide feedback and comments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:Quiet-zone-400x296.jpg|300px|A popular place with Researchers.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
=== Condensed Matter Physics (6AP001) ===<br />
<br />
Condensed matter physics describes the wide variety of condensed phases of matter, including, but not limited to, the most familiar forms that are the liquid and solid states, whose dedicated study makes a topic of its own. Indeed, condensed matter extends to more exotic phases such as glasses, liquid crystals, quasi-crystals, plasmas, (anti)ferromagnets or non-Newtonian fluids (that change their viscosity or flow behaviour under stress), to name a few. Condensed matter also describes fundamental states of matter ruled by quantum phenomena, including Bose-Einstein condensates, superconductors that conduct electricity without losses, and superfluids that flow without resistance. As such, condensed matter relies extensively on a combination of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics. It is an advanced topic that requires a firm understanding of all these disciplines, that, when brought together, give rise to the emergence of new concepts, following Anderson's credo: "More is different". The module will cover such important modern notions of contemporary physics, including broken symmetries, order parameters and topology.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:giant-magnetoresistance.png|350px|Measurement of giant magnetoresistance.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electrodynamics (6AP012) ===<br />
<br />
Electrodynamics is the science of the interaction between light and matter. This module brings together all the ingredients studied in details throughout the course, to give the final picture of how objects interact at the most fundamental level. The material starts in the wake of Electromagnetism II with radiation theory, or how accelerating charges produce electromagnetic fields. Then the classical theory of Maxwell equations is revisited from the point of view of special relativity, showing how the magnetic field emerges as a relativistic effect. In the second part of the module, we turn to the quantization of the electromagnetic field and its interaction with matter. We first complete the picture of the hydrogen atom from the Quantum Physics module, by studying its hyperfine structure and spontaneous emission. We then overview both the low and high-energy regimes of electrodynamics, with Dirac's equation for the electron and the Feynman diagrammatic rules on the one hand, and a study of the basic models of light-matter interactions that are resonance fluorescence, Rabi oscillations and the Jaynes-Cummings model, on the other hand.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photoelectric.png|350px|One of our setup to detect single photons.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 2 (6AP009)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the "Research 1" module (6AP003), engaging students in active research related to an identified problem. A weekly meeting will bring together the student and their personal research-active tutor, and/or the rest of the class, to describe progress, ideas, problems and difficulties and, if applicable, results. At the end of the module, the student will provide i) a 15 minutes oral presentation in conference style, in front of a panel of referees who will ask questions on the research results, and a ii) written report in the form and style of a research article. In case of valuable results in a nontrivial problem, the latter will be submitted for publication and evaluated by research peers beyond the walls of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:prl-2017.png|300px|The portal of Phys. Rev. Lett.]]</center></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=People&diff=1235People2019-11-24T23:47:39Z<p>Juancamilo: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Prof. Fabrice P. Laussy (Chair) ==<br />
[[File:picture-fabrice.jpeg|left|120px]]<br />
I am a French theoretical physicist, with an interest in most topics of physics and working more specifically in the fields of quantum optics, light-matter interactions, condensed matter and solid-state physics. I obtained my Ph.D in 2005 at the Université Blaise Pascal (in France) and gained extensive post-doctoral experience throughout Europe with stays in Sheffield (UK), Madrid (Spain), Southampton (UK) & Munich (Germany), the latter as a Marie Curie Fellow. In the period 2012—2016, I built a Research Group in Madrid, Spain, as a Ramón y Cajal fellow and with the support of the ERC starting grant POLAFLOW. In 2017, I took up a position at the University of Wolverhampton where I officiate as the Director of Study for Physics, setting on foot an ambitious Physics course for this vibrant University. I am currently the chair of Light and Matter interactions there.<br />
<br />
My proudest achievements in Science include a theory of Bose-Einstein condensation based on quantum Boltzmann master equations, the theory of frequency-resolved photon correlations and the study of its applications, including the proposal for a new type of light where photons are replaced by groups (or bundles) of $N$ photons for a tunable integer $N$, and the design of a device to generate it: the ''bundler''. Recently, I also contributed to the first demonstration of a genuine quantum character of polaritons (light-matter molecules). I am co-author of the popular textbook Microcavities. My immediate goals are to i) move forward quantum technologies based on our theoretical breakthroughs and ii) build a thriving Physics branch at the UoW to implement the noble mission of the University of bringing hand in hand research and teaching, as two facets of the same coin, that of knowledge. ''Non scholæ sed vitæ''.<br />
<br />
[https://goo.gl/yYRqJK web] - [mailto:fabrice.laussy@gmail.com mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2270'''<br />
<br />
== Dr. Elena del Valle (Senior Lecturer) ==<br />
<br />
[[File:Elena-del-Valle-2019.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
I am Senior Lecturer in Quantum Optics, a theorist with expertise in open quantum systems, photon correlations and frequency filtering, for which I developed the "sensor technique" which allows their exact calculation. My skills lie in analytical methods and mathematical methods and I have a passion for teaching and develop projects with students. I completed my PhD in the Departamento Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid in March 2009. My thesis was about light-matter interaction in 2D semiconductor microcavities and quantum dots embedded in microcavities. After that, I had the great pleasure of living in the UK for a couple of years (March 2011-2013) after being awarded a Newton International Fellowship at the University of Southampton in the group of Prof. Alexey Kavokin. Between the summers 2011 and 2013, I enjoyed a Humboldt Research Fellowship for Postdoctoral Researchers and worked at the Technische Universität München (Germany) with Prof. Michael Hartmann. During 2014, I had a Marie Curie (IEF-Fellowship for career development) at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. My project was called SQUIRREL (Sensing QUantum Information coRRELations). I then became a Ramon y Cajal tenured fellow at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid until July 2019 where I joined the WLM.<br />
<br />
[mailto:e.delvalle@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2458'''<br />
<br />
== Dr. Anton Nalitov (Lecturer) ==<br />
<br />
[[File:AntonNalitov.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
I am a lecturer in condensed matter physics and a theoretical physicist working mostly in the field of polaritonics, where we study new exciting properties of liquid light. I am particularly focused on topological, nonlinear and non-Hermitian properties of polariton physics. I did my PhD in Clermont-Ferrand, France, and later continued my research as a postdoc in Southampton, UK, St Petersburg, Russia, where I am originally from, and in Reykjavik, Iceland.<br />
<br />
My most notable contribution in physics is the proposal of a polariton topological insulator, an optical analog of its electronic counterpart, which insulates electric current in the bulk, while perfectly conducting it on its surface. Now, since this theoretical prediction has been experimentally confirmed, the great goal is to develop the full quantum and nonlinear theory for topological interacting bosons. We are in a unique place to do this and our field is in a privileged position as a testing playground for this new theory.<br />
<br />
[mailto:A.Nalitov@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''1178'''<br />
<br />
== Dr. Juan Camilo López Carreño (Teaching Associate) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:camilo-portrait-squared.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
My path in Physics started in 2009 at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Bogotá&mdash;the Andean capital of Colombia. There I did the undergraduate studies of physics and after completing the five years program under the guidance of Dr.&nbsp;Herbert&nbsp;Vinck, I set sails into research on quantum optics. My journey continued in 2014, this time in Spain, at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid where I obtained the Master degree and was fortunate to become part of the group of Dr.&nbsp;Fabrice&nbsp;Laussy and Dr.&nbsp;Elena&nbsp;del&nbsp;Valle and join their efforts in the research on fundamental issues of quantum mechanics and the quantum description of polaritons.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[https://www.wlv.ac.uk/about-us/our-staff/juan-camilo-lopez-carreno/ web] -[mailto:J.LopezCarreno@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2187'''<br />
<br />
== Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua (PhD Student) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:EduardoZ.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
I finished the Physics degree in 2016 at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. That very year, I met Dr. Fabrice Laussy and Dr. Elena del Valle together with the group they led and I began to collaborate with them. From those first steps, my interest in quantum mechanics, especially quantum optics and quantum information, has grown swiftly and it keeps on rising. I continued my academic career doing a Master degree in Condensed Matter and Biological Systems at the same university. Nowadays I’m in a PhD program (in Madrid) under the supervision of Dr. Elena del Valle. We stay in touch with the Wolverhampton group with whom we share many common projects. My research is mainly focused on the generation of quantum light, unravelling its nature, understanding the underlying mechanisms and search for future applications. Always looking for the analytical way to face any problem.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[mailto:E.Zubizarretacasalengua@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''5896'''<br />
<br />
== Sana Khalid (Master Student) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:SanaKhalid.jpeg|left|120px]] <br />
I am a Mathematics graduate, currently studying my Masters degree at the University of Wolverhampton. I have a passion for Pure and Applied Maths and have a growing interest in Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Optics. I intend to continue with this passion, providing my own contributions to the field as a PhD student under the supervision of Professor Fabrice Laussy and Dr. Andrew Gascoyne.<br />
|}<br />
[mailto:S.Khalid@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br />
<br />
== Guillermo Díaz Camacho (Visiting PhD Student) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:Guillermo.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
I am a PhD student from Madrid (Spain), and I am in Wolverhampton as a visiting student in the group of Prof.&nbsp;Fabrice&nbsp;Laussy. I did my undergrad in Physics at Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and set to continue my academic path with a Master degree in Theoretical Physics at the same university. It was at this point when I got interested in quantum optics and quantum information, and in 2015 pursued a PhD program at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid under the supervision of Prof.&nbsp;Carlos&nbsp;Tejedor. My main line of research is quantum optics in semiconductor nanostructures, studying systems such as microcavity polaritons.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Katarzyna (Kasia) Sopinska (Intern) ==<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:kasia.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
I am young student of Dudley college, and I am currently doing an applied science course on level three. My interests lie on a large variety of topics, ranging from art to philosophy. However, the subjects that I am the most passionate about are mathematics and physics, both at an experimental and at theoretical level. At the University of Wolverhampton I am doing an internship, which is helping me to develop my experimental skills but also to deepen my theoretical knowledge.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[mailto:Sopinska@gmx.co.uk mail]<br />
<br />
== Grzegorz (Greg) Mroczynski (Intern) ==<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:grzegorz.jpeg|left|120px]] <br />
I am a college student in Dudley and currently going under BTEC applied science path. My<br />
work here is to assist people with their experiments and learning from it in the meantime.<br />
I&#39;m here to widen my horizons and learn more; especially about physics and mathematics<br />
and being an intern here in Wolverhampton is a great help.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[mailto:00479730@dudleylearners.ac.uk mail]<br />
<br />
== You... ==<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:you.png|left|120px]] <br />
We are starting from scratch. We need motivated people at all levels of qualification. [[Join us, if you can!]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
------<br />
<br />
= Close collaborators =<br />
<br />
== Dr. Daniele Sanvitto ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:picture-daniele.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
Daniele is the head of the [http://polaritonics.weebly.com/ advanced photonics lab] in Lecce, Italy. He is our top experimentalist collaborator with whom we are actively working on a new road toward quantum computing.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Dr. Amir Rahmani ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:picture-amir.png|left|120px]]<br />
Amir is an Iranian theorist with expertise in dealing with old-style, lengthy algebra running through scores of handwritten pages. We collaborate on light-matter dynamics in unconventional configurations and with new degrees of freedom.<br />
|}<br />
<br /><br />
<br />
== Dr. Andrew Gascoyne (Senior Lecturer) ==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gascoyne_profile_photo2.jpg|left||120px]]<br />
I am a Lecturer in mathematics and physics. I graduated with a PhD from the University of Sheffield in 2011 and worked as a Post-Doctoral Research Associate on a STFC funded project entitled "Magnetic Features and Local Helioseismology" before joining the University of Wolverhampton as a Lecturer in Mathematics in 2015. My research is within the broad area of Solar physics, which is the branch of astrophysics that specialises in the study of the Sun. I am focused on Helioseismology; the study of acoustic wave propagation within the interior of the Sun, and MHD (magnetohydrodynamics) wave propagation. Mathematical modelling is a vital part of this research in order to compare and predict observational signatures and understand the many complex mechanisms and processes involved in the interaction of the solar acoustic modes with magnetic elements on the Sun i.e., Sunspots and Plage regions.<br />
<br />
[https://goo.gl/hFf752 web] - [mailto:A.D.Gascoyne@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 51'''8576'''<br />
<br />
------<br />
<br />
= Past =<br />
<br />
== Students, interns ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:mariam-anji-26jul2017.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
Mariam Adam and Anji Bard were two [http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/ Nuffield foundation] supported students, working in our group (from July 25 till August 15, 2017) on the problem of the characterisation of quantum sources of light from their photon emission.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
= Visitors =<br />
<br />
See also our page of [[guests and visitors]].<br />
<br />
= Group Pictures =<br />
<br />
Evolutions of the group through time.<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:GroupPicture-040417.jpg|The Early Days (2017).<br />
File:Group-Pictures1.jpg|The Early Years (2017-2019).<br />
File:resized_DreamTeam-2019.jpg|The Dream Years (2019-onward).<br />
</gallery></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_BSc&diff=1234Physics BSc2019-11-24T23:46:53Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Teaching Staff */</p>
<hr />
<div>:''All science is either Physics or stamp collecting.'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford Ernest Rutherford].<br />
<br />
We are studying the Universe in Wolverhampton, at all the levels. It starts with our B.Sc Physics course, where we learn about Mechanics&mdash;both classical and quantum&mdash;optics and the language of the firmament: Mathematics. We then proceed to the most beautiful equations, that of Maxwell, that describe light, tame computers and carry on to understand everything else, from the physics of a superconductor to black holes. This page will give you a short overview of the main features of our course. While most of the fastly moving, dynamically changing things happen in Canvas on a lecture per lecture basis, this webspace hosts the slower action that takes place at the deeper level, involving all the courses together. You should be pointed to it whenever your visit will be needed, but feel free to come back any time to consult any item of interest or see if things happen unnoticed.<br />
<br />
Useful links:<br />
<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/Academic_Calendar_2018-19.pdf Academic calendar 2018-19].<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/ Timetables for modules] (or directly to [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/module_1.asp?previous=0 the modules]).<br />
* [https://www.wlv.ac.uk/current-students/examinations--timetabling-/university-rooms/ Rooms].<br />
<br />
= Teaching Staff =<br />
<br />
Prof. [[Fabrice|Fabrice Laussy]] is the Director of Studies for Physics at the University, with responsibility for the success and well-being of all the enrolled students. Dr. [[Elena|Del Valle]] and [[Anton|Nalitov]] are lecturers of Quantum Optics and Condensed-Matter, respectively. Dr. [[Andrew|Gascoyne]] is a Lecturer of Mathematics. Dr. J. [[Camilo|{{lopezcarreno}}]] is teaching assistant.<br />
<br />
<gallery perrow=3><br />
File:picture-fabrice.jpeg|Prof. Dr. Fabrice Laussy<br>[https://goo.gl/yYRqJK web] - [mailto:fabrice.laussy@gmail.com mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2270'''<br><small>Mathematics for Physics<br>Quantum Physics</small><br />
File:Elena-del-Valle-2019.jpg|Dr. Elena del Valle<br> - [mailto:e.delvalle@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2458'''<br><small>Electromagnetism I<br>Electromagnetism II<br>Foundation Year</small><br />
File:AntonNalitov.jpg|Dr. Anton Nalitov<br> - [mailto:A.Nalitov@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''1178'''<br><small>Optics<br>Thermal Physics</small><br />
File:Gascoyne_profile_photo2.jpg|Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br>[https://goo.gl/hFf752 web] - [mailto:A.D.Gascoyne@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 51'''8576'''<br><small>Mechanics<br>Scientific computing<br>Numerical Methods</small><br />
File:camilo-portrait-squared.jpg|Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}<br>[https://tinyurl.com/y5tlysgh web] - [mailto:J.LopezCarreno@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2187'''<br><small>Solid State<br>Quantum Mechanics</small><br />
File:SanaKhalid.jpeg|Sana Khalid<br>- [mailto:S.Khalid@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br><small>Mathematics<br>Quantum Mechanics</small> <br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
Our Academic Coach is Holly Herzberg – [mailto:Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk]. Please contact Sarah for support with problems which do not have a physics flavour.<br />
<br />
= Lectures =<br />
== Level 3 ==<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/16787 Foundation Year Physics] by Dr. del Valle, Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures) & Elouise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
<br />
== Level 4 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17299 Optics] by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* Mechanics by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne (Lectures & labs) & Eloise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17704 Mathematics for Physicists] by Prof. Fabrice Laussy (Lectures) and Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism I] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) and Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/14620 Quantum mechanics] by Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Lectures) & Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/9395 Scientific computing] by Prof. F.P. Laussy, E. del Valle, A. Nalitov and J. C. {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
<br />
== Level 5 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism II] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) & {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18065 Solid State Physics] by Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
* Mathematical Methods by Dr. Liam Naughton.<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18067 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics], by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18068 Quantum Physics], by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lecture) & Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua (Tutorials).<br />
* Numerical Methods, by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br />
<br />
= Academic calendar =<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:University-of-Wolverhampton---Academic-Calendar-2019.20.png|600px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Timetable =<br />
<br />
[[File:timetable-2019-20-v1.png|750px]]<br />
<br />
= Cohorts =<br />
<br />
Each cohort of Physicists in Wolverhampton gets named after an important physicist who changed his field, despite an off-the-beaten-track academic trajectory, in line with our own objectives and aspirations.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
<gallery heights=200px><br />
File:hanbury-brown.jpg|[[Hanbury Brown cohort]] (2017-2019)|link=[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]<br />
File:Jaynes.jpg|[[Jaynes cohort]]<br> (2018-2021)|link=[[Jaynes cohort]]<br />
File:Mollow.png|[[Mollow cohort]]<br> (2019-2022)|link=[[Mollow cohort]]<br />
</gallery><br />
</center><br />
<br />
Our first generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]''', named after the least conventional, most brilliant and greatest outsider physicist of the 20th century, in line with our seminal Physics course that is making a pioneering journey into a new branch of the University.<br />
<br />
Our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Jaynes cohort]]''', named after the out-of-the-box thinking theorist who challenged the Copenhagen interpretation with his celebrated Jaynes-Cumming model. Also a passionate university teacher, our tribute reminds us of our mission to bring together the best Physics in the classroom and in the literature.<br />
<br />
Our third generation of Wulfrunian Physicists is the '''[[Mollow cohort]]''', named after the maverick theorist who provided the first correct description of resonance fluorescence, i.e., the emission from an atom irradiated coherently at the frequency of its transition. This simple-looking problem is at the heart of quantum optics. The answer is, by the way, a triplet, known as the Mollow triplet.<br />
<br />
= Our Approach =<br />
<br />
Our approach strongly relies on modern pedagogical philosophy, based on active learning. More specifically, we echo at the local scale of our school the structure of science as it unravels at the top level. That is to say, we value notions such as collaborations (peer-teaching), various types of dissemination (oral and written, posters, short presentations), all to be archived as a scientific journal would do of its original content. In particular, we use research-led and research-based teaching, getting up to the standard of professional science right from the beginning and involving elements of ongoing research, to keep our students at the edges of things, at the same time as we bring them there from the very beginning of any standard high education, that is to say, from textbook material and the conventional academic content (Newtonian mechanics, optics, programming languages, etc.) As they explore these classics, the students apply research methods of self-examination, critical queries, actively working with the topics, rather than undertaking a passive exposure and working out exercises that usually consists in repeating a particular case. In the peer-teaching approach, students critically evaluate each other's works. All these approaches, always in some dose along others, are monitored to contribute to the state of the art of pedagogical research in physics education.<br />
<br />
The syllabus of the overall course reads as follow. You can find more course-specific content on [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/ Canvas] (you need to complete your module registration on [https://smsweb.wlv.ac.uk/urd/sits.urd/run/siw_lgn e:Vision] to access them).<br />
<br />
= Zeroth Year (Level 3) =<br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Physics (Foundation Year 3AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is the science of understanding, interpreting and engineering the physical universe. To do so, it relies on a broad set of other disciplines: from pure mathematics which describes fundamental physical laws - to experimental physics, providing both tests of the theory and further insights by systematic explorations or merely trials and errors. This module will first establish the foundations of the discipline, including scientific notations, physical units and dimensional analysis and a survey of mathematical representations of the physical world. It will then introduce the various tools, methods and ways of thinking of a physicist through a combined in-class/laboratory investigation of two of the key notions of physics, namely, oscillations and waves, and forces and energies. These will be illustrated from their manifestation in a range of disciplines, including optics, mechanics and electromagnetism. The emphasis will be on the phenomenology rather than on abstract and sophisticated models. The course is a good introduction to important notions used throughout the scientific spectrum and will provide adequate preparation for more in-depth studies, including for the BSc (Hons) Applied Physics.<br />
<br />
= First Year (Level 4) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
<br />
=== Optics (4AP001)===<br />
<br />
Optics is the Science of light. As our most privileged human contact with the surrounding world is through the eye, optics has always been a central topic in our description of the observable universe. Light is also one of the key technological resources with practical applications found in a variety of technologies and everyday objects, including mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, lasers and fibre optics. Because light is a particular type of electromagnetic waves (with frequencies close to those visible to the naked eye), optical phenomena are just a branch of classical electromagnetism. The full theory is so large however and this particular type is so important that it comes as topic of its own. The module will study two aspects of light: as rays (geometrical optics) and as waves (physical optics). The emphasis will be on geometrical optics with detailed study of optical instrumentation and their applications (magnifiers, cameras, microscope and telescopes, including human vision) in both the classroom and through laboratory sessions. The most important notions of physical optics that provide a more general framework to optical phenomena and prepare more advanced applications, such as interferometry, polarization and diffractive-optics, will be studied at a more introductory level. The module will also survey some advanced notions of photonics in the modern applications of light: the use of lasers, optical detectors, waveguides, fibers and devices for imaging, display and storage, to complete this first outlook on light.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:interferometer.jpg|350px|One of our interferometers, to study Michelson interferences.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematics (4MM011) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is an exact science and is articulated, even in its most applied and experimental aspects, through mathematics of various types and levels. Mathematics will therefore be a topic that will be studied in all years of the BSc (Hons) Physics course, to develop skills to enter employment fully armed with modern mathematical and numerical methods. The first year will refresh previous knowledge, in particular of calculus (of real and complex numbers), and move on from there to introduce basic real analysis (functions of one variable, trigonometry) assuring a working knowledge of integration and derivation. The bulk of the module will be on i) the theory of ordinary differential equations and ii) linear algebra. Both will be studied with practical considerations in mind but algebra will also be introduced as the study of abstract mathematical structures, with the study of sets, groups and vector spaces. The emphasis will remain on vector calculus and computation with matrices and tensors. Finally, rudimentary notions of probability will be studied, with statistics being covered in laboratory sessions. The module will conclude by introducing functions of several variables & their partial derivatives, to be revisited again on next year.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:markov-chain.png|300px|A matrix equation (for Markov chains)]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mechanics (4MM012) ===<br />
<br />
Mechanics is the epitome of physics: it describes and explains the behaviour of physical objects around us, from falling apples to orbiting planets. The first great achievement of Physics as a Science was Newton's understanding that the same laws describe both. The wide range of physical phenomena that can be explained from the laws of classical mechanics makes it a pillar of virtually all other scientific fields. This makes this topic one of the oldest and largest subjects in science, engineering and technology. The module will concentrate on Newtonian mechanics as an introduction to the methods and thinking of a physicist. It will also expand on this classical material to introduce more advanced ideas and concepts of Mechanics, including fluid mechanics, applied mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics. The other branch of mechanics, quantum mechanics, will be studied in a different module. The module will thus focus on the study of the motion of classical bodies and teach how to calculate in various reference frames their position, velocity and acceleration as a function of time under the action of applied forces, with applications to projectiles, astronomical bodies and macroscopic rigid bodies. Important concepts such as conservation laws and symmetry are introduced and studied in a plethora of variations. The dynamics of oscillators, in particular the harmonic oscillator, will be studied in great detail, with emphasis of how various terms in the equation correspond to various scenarios describing a physical object, with basic concepts such as driving and dissipation. The value and interest of exact (closed-form) solutions as compared to approximations will be highlighted.<br />
<br />
Laboratory sessions will be conducted to develop a firm grasp of Physics as an experimental and applied science, focusing on fundamentals such as the study of pendulums and springs, and reproducing pioneering experiments such as the free-falling objects of Galileo. Along with a traditional pen-and-paper approach, an introduction to fully automatised, computer-assisted modern laboratories will be given through a dynamic wireless smart-cart system.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:mini-launcher.jpg|250px|One of our mini launchers, to study the dynamics of falling bodies.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2==<br />
<br />
=== Quantum Mechanics (4AP003)===<br />
<br />
Quantum mechanics describes objects at small scales and low energies. Since our technology relies heavily on miniaturisation, quantum effects become increasingly important in the applied and engineering branches of physics. Every field of physics has its "quantum counterpart". Furthermore, quantum physics is so counter-intuitive that it makes a complete break with so-called "classical physics", even though the latter includes modern developments such as relativity that revolutionised our understanding of the nature of time and space. Being familiar with quantum concepts is not only important from the scientific viewpoint but also from cultural and philosophical point of views: from the quantum Zeno effect to Schrödinger's cat. Quantum physics is so pivotal in modern physics that some aspects of it will be studied in at all three levels of study in the BSc (Hons) Physics course.<br />
<br />
This level 4 module will introduce the problems with classical physics and the need for a paradigm change, how this was made through the concept of a wavefunction and its associated Schrödinger equation. Solving the latter on elementary cases with time-independent Hamiltonian will allow to delve into the interpretation and meaning of the theory. Its axiomatic formulation in an Hilbert space will introduce the formal and abstract aspects. The concept of quantum correlations will be introduced and contrasted to classical physics, with an introduction to the concepts leading to Bell's inequalities. Special emphasis will be given to applications of quantum physics and how it promises another technology revolution for the coming decades. The module will conclude on the two-body problem in quantum mechanics, introducing the notion of bosons and fermions.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:wavefunction.png|350px|The quantum wavefunction.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electromagnetism 1 (4AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is a Science of "unification", striving to find general fundamental principles that explain the largest possible extent of observed phenomena with the simplest set of physical laws. In this respect, electromagnetism is the standard theory that led to the unification of two important branches of physics: electricity and magnetism. Its further extension led to the "standard model" of particle physics. This level 4 module will bring us toward the culmination of the theory, namely Maxwell's equations, through preparatory study of vector calculus and in-depth separate analyses of the electric and magnetic fields. This will create familiarity with the respective phenomenology that are of considerable importance for the subject of applied physics. These phenomenon fall under the denomination of electrostatic (the science of electric charges) and magnetostatic (the science of magnets). Special emphasis will be given to electronic circuits as an applied illustration of important concepts of electrodynamics, and to support the laboratory sessions that will focus on these aspects.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:electrostatics.png|350px|One of our electrostatic kit, including a giant capacitor and Faraday ice pail.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Scientific Computing (4AP006)===<br />
<br />
With the advent and generalisation of computers, Science has taken a new turn. It is now possible to make breakthrough discoveries or reach record-breaking calculations with a standard home computer. Whilst this influences all of the Sciences, Physics is particularly affected since a physical problem is often reduced to solving an equation, which can usually be done numerically. The unique skillsets of Physicists in adapting computer resources to the wide variety of their problems make them highly sought in numerous areas extraneous to their speciality, such as in finance and banking, where they have proven to be the most versatile, resourceful and able users of computer simulations. Since numerical methods are a considerable resource, that will prove useful whatever the future occupation of any physicist will be, the topic will be studied throughout the course. <br />
<br />
This module will first introduce the use of computer resources in networking systems. The unix/linux-based scientific computing environment will be introduced for its scripting features, data processing tools as well as for the standard scientific document typesetting system (LaTeX). This environment will contribute to applications for the Enterprise and Employability Award through content-based rather than look-focused approach in setting up a resume, motivation letter and writting an application, and later for the preparation of Research-level scientific reports for the laboratory experiments. <br />
The module will then introduce basic algorithms and teach elementary numerical methods such as solving sets of linear equations, methods of interpolation, finding roots of nonlinear equations, evaluating integrals and will introduce direct methods for solving ordinary differential equations. The modules will be intensively based on laboratory sessions and practical work and will also teach the necessary programming skills. To endow the student with modern and powerful tools, the course will be taught in the Python programming language, which is a high-level language fairly easy to learn and affording great code readability. This will form a good starting point for development of other programming languages that will be needed on the professional market (where Python is also highly sought). It allows for interacting programming through ipython and Jupyter that is of great pedagogical value. All of these resources are open sources so students can study and apply their knowledge outside of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:ipynb_flat.png|350px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Second Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Electromagnetism 2 (5AP001)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the material studied in the 4AP004-Electromagnetism I, which concluded with the presentation of Maxwell's equations, brought together by separate studies of electric and magnetic phenomena. This level 5 module combines the equations, adding the one final piece brought by Maxwell, and show how this complete description of the time-and-space varying electromagnetic field opens a whole new realm of physical phenomena and applications. The module will show in particular how light emerges out of the equations and, remarkably, how the speed of light in a vacuum arises as a universal constant that is dependent only on the electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space. It will study light's propagation subsequent to its radiation by a source, a problem known as "electrodynamics". The study of light's interaction with matter will allow to revisit one's knowledge of optics from a more fundamental point of view and better appreciate the hierarchy of the subfields of physics. Intensive laboratory sessions will provide insights through a variety of microwave experiments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:microwave-setup.png|350px|One of our kits to explore microwaves.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Solid State Physics (5AP002)===<br />
<br />
Solid state physics is an introduction to condensed matter physics, within which you will study the particular topic of widest interest: that of rigid matter. This topic is both better understood and of greatest practical use for technology and industry, the bulk of which relies on a particular types of solids—semiconductors—that provide the bulk material for electronic devices. Solid state physics considers how large-scale properties of solids arise from fundamental phenomena taking place in crystalline ordering of densely packed atoms. It is a rich and fruitful field that illustrates how simple ideas lead to extremely complex behaviours when involving many-body physics. It also brings together various subfields of physics, from classical to quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistics, to this playground and considers how various phenomena have different origins or, in contrast, stem from a combination of several disciplines. This develops the ability to explain something out of a simple model. Solid state physics focuses on the mechanical (e.g., hardness and elasticity), thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of crystals. This module will describe all these aspects in details with a joint theoretical description in class and laboratory experimentation, contrasting different types of solids as probed through these various characteristics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:diamagnetism.png|300px|Diamagnetism.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematical Methods (5AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will strengthen the mathematical apparatus required to support the increasing knowledge and depth of description of the physical phenomena, now extending to functions of several variables and their associated partial differential equations. Calculus of vector field will also be covered in parallel through the Electromagnism II module. Complex analysis will extend calculus to the case of complex functions of complex variables, showing the stronger notion of derivatives through the CauchyRiemann's theorem and the notion of analycity. The module will then starts a paradigm shift towards providing the "Mathematical Methods" which are useful in physics, that consist of specialized techniques and tools from a given Mathematical discipline, that the physicist does not usually need to know in its entirety. Finally, the study of dynamical systems will be studied with some emphasis on applications for Physics (bistability and hysteresis of nonlinear oscillators, laser thresholds, Liénard systems, relaxation oscillations, etc.) <br />
<br />
<center>[[File:duffing-attractor.png|300px|The Duffing attractor, an example of a dynamical system.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics (5AP004) ===<br />
<br />
The unit to measure the "number of things", the mole, is unfathomably large, of the order of $10^{23}$ objects. In such conditions, describing a mole of, say, a gas, seems a daunting task, given the sheer amount of underlying constituents that interact between each other. It is one insight of thermodynamics and statistical physics that such complex objects can however be described, essentially completely and exactly with only a few variables. In fact, the larger the number of objects, the more accurate the description. An important illustration is the case of thermodynamics, the science of heat-flow and its relation to work, that is such a macroscopic consequence of statistical (and quantum) mechanics. An understanding of thermal physics is crucial, not only to modern physics, but also to chemistry, biology, computer science and, of course, several subfields of engineering. The module introduces key notions of statistical mechanics, with a strong emphasis on thermodynamics, but surveying also the other fields of interest for Physics, namely, solid state physics, optics and also complex systems.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:blackbody-radiation.png|350px|Our setup to measure blackbody radiation.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Quantum Physics (5AP005) ===<br />
<br />
This level 5 module on quantum mechanics will first extend the theory to a three-dimensional setting, taking advantage of a now better familiarity with more advanced mathematical tools, and then turn to applications of the theory to various cases and concepts of applied interest, including the description of the fundamental, and most common, atom in the universe: hydrogen. It will be shown how quantum mechanics explains the empirically observed spectroscopic lines of this and other chemical compounds. The physics of spin will be studied in detail, considering problems such as the dynamics of an electron in a magnetic field, already studied in the electromagnetism modules, being revisited here by the quantum theory. The addition of angular momenta will provide an opportunity to play with quantum algebra and see how quantum numbers behave in an unfamiliar fashion that requires much practice to be acquainted with. Useful and important computational techniques will be studied, such as perturbation theory, to provide a finer description of the hydrogen atom, or the variational principle, to study the molecule of Helium. Other techniques, such as the WKB approximation, adiabatic approximation, etc., will prepare the student for advanced use of the quantum theory in the description and understanding of the most contemporary systems and problems of modern physics, to be fully unravelled at level 6.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:sphericalharmonics.jpg|420px|Spherical harmonics describing the hydrogen atom.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Numerical Methods (5AP006)===<br />
<br />
This module will, in line with the expertise now acquired in the other disciplines of Physics, provide the tools to solve numerical problems that are time-dependent, in particular those involving fields. Concrete problems that arise from other modules, such as solving the heat equation in nontrivial geometries, computing a flow with various models and approximations, propagating a complex wavefunction or solving Maxwell equations, will be brought to the computer and studied there numerically, with emphasis on notions such as stability and convergence. This module will also provide a first experience with research-type problems involving the student's own analysis and judgement, to direct the most promising directions for further exploration.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:numerical-methods-level5.png|350px|Comparisons of various numerical methods.]]</center><br />
<br />
= Optional Third Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Sandwich Placement (5AP008) ==<br />
<br />
You have the opportunity to make a sandwich placement, somewhere in industry, a corporation, R&D center, hospital (medical Physics) or basically any place where you will be able to exercise your Physics skills and acquire new tricks, develop your network of contacts and prepare yourself a great future on the job market. This is optional. If you go through this route, you'll graduate after Level 6 on the fourth year.<br />
<br />
= Third Year (Level 6) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Modern Physics (6AP010) ===<br />
<br />
Modern Physics refers to the branches of physics that developed in the 20th century and beyond, extending the classical topics of mechanics and electromagnetism to the extreme conditions of very small sizes and/or high energies. The first breakup with classical physics was Einstein's theory of special relativity, that gave a new meaning to space and time. A first chapter of the module studies this pillar of modern physics, culminating with relativistic kinematics. The other breakup, that came with quantum theory, was so widespread and far-reaching that its material is studied independently in previous models of the course (quantum mechanics and quantum physics). This module focuses instead on its recent developments for the theory of information and towards technological applications. A success of modern physics is to describe all known particles in a unified, so-called standard model, that is overviewed at a phenomenological level, from elementary particles up to the nuclear model, presenting the two remaining forces of nature (weak and strong forces). A final chapter on general relativity, and how the curvature of spacetime describes gravitation, with some applications for cosmology, concludes this succinct picture of modern Physics. The module will allow students to get a good grip of the modern landscape of Physics as well as to be armed towards pursuing specialized Physics topics at a Master level in a broad variety of topics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:black-hole.png|275px|First observation of a black hole.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Computational Physics (6AP002)===<br />
<br />
The mathematical and computational aspects of physics will be brought together in a single module to provide the tools required for the student to develop their own capacity in identifying and solving problems. Topics in Mathematics will include Fourier and Laplace analysis, variational calculus, Green functions, and Optimization. More computer-oriented topics will introduce students to the field that sits at the boundary of Physics and Mathematics and Computer Science and that emerges as a discipline of its own: known as "numerical experiments" (or "simulation experiment"). Topics in this subject will include Monte Carlo methods, theory of algorithms and some notion of complexity and information theory, as well as an introduction to parallel and distributed programming. Emphasis will be given to computational analysis of the systems studied in Condensed Matter physics module (6AP001).<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:g2-monte-carlos.png|350px|A result of a computer experiment with photo-detection and its fit to theory.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 1 (6AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will prepare the level 6 student to undertake, under supervision, autonomous work in a University environment to produce original research. This will aid future employability, opening up the possibility to apply for a masters course or to join the most dynamic areas of the employment market place. This module will bring together all the skills developed and perfected up till now, including literature review, rapid understanding and distilling of considerable amounts of complex information, as well as a capacity to identify the required tools to tackle a problem. This first-semester module will present students with a set of problems, with various levels of laboratory, computer, and theory-based content (in most cases with a blend of all these). These problems will be discussed with a personal research-active tutor, so as to agree on a topic of mutual interest and the direction to explore. In this first stage, students will undertake a literature review and produce a scientific poster and written reports relating to research undertaken. The poster will be presented to the rest of the Physics students (including level 4 & 5 students), who will provide feedback and comments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:Quiet-zone-400x296.jpg|300px|A popular place with Researchers.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
=== Condensed Matter Physics (6AP001) ===<br />
<br />
Condensed matter physics describes the wide variety of condensed phases of matter, including, but not limited to, the most familiar forms that are the liquid and solid states, whose dedicated study makes a topic of its own. Indeed, condensed matter extends to more exotic phases such as glasses, liquid crystals, quasi-crystals, plasmas, (anti)ferromagnets or non-Newtonian fluids (that change their viscosity or flow behaviour under stress), to name a few. Condensed matter also describes fundamental states of matter ruled by quantum phenomena, including Bose-Einstein condensates, superconductors that conduct electricity without losses, and superfluids that flow without resistance. As such, condensed matter relies extensively on a combination of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics. It is an advanced topic that requires a firm understanding of all these disciplines, that, when brought together, give rise to the emergence of new concepts, following Anderson's credo: "More is different". The module will cover such important modern notions of contemporary physics, including broken symmetries, order parameters and topology.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:giant-magnetoresistance.png|350px|Measurement of giant magnetoresistance.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electrodynamics (6AP012) ===<br />
<br />
Electrodynamics is the science of the interaction between light and matter. This module brings together all the ingredients studied in details throughout the course, to give the final picture of how objects interact at the most fundamental level. The material starts in the wake of Electromagnetism II with radiation theory, or how accelerating charges produce electromagnetic fields. Then the classical theory of Maxwell equations is revisited from the point of view of special relativity, showing how the magnetic field emerges as a relativistic effect. In the second part of the module, we turn to the quantization of the electromagnetic field and its interaction with matter. We first complete the picture of the hydrogen atom from the Quantum Physics module, by studying its hyperfine structure and spontaneous emission. We then overview both the low and high-energy regimes of electrodynamics, with Dirac's equation for the electron and the Feynman diagrammatic rules on the one hand, and a study of the basic models of light-matter interactions that are resonance fluorescence, Rabi oscillations and the Jaynes-Cummings model, on the other hand.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photoelectric.png|350px|One of our setup to detect single photons.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 2 (6AP009)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the "Research 1" module (6AP003), engaging students in active research related to an identified problem. A weekly meeting will bring together the student and their personal research-active tutor, and/or the rest of the class, to describe progress, ideas, problems and difficulties and, if applicable, results. At the end of the module, the student will provide i) a 15 minutes oral presentation in conference style, in front of a panel of referees who will ask questions on the research results, and a ii) written report in the form and style of a research article. In case of valuable results in a nontrivial problem, the latter will be submitted for publication and evaluated by research peers beyond the walls of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:prl-2017.png|300px|The portal of Phys. Rev. Lett.]]</center></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_BSc&diff=1233Physics BSc2019-11-24T23:46:23Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Teaching Staff */</p>
<hr />
<div>:''All science is either Physics or stamp collecting.'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford Ernest Rutherford].<br />
<br />
We are studying the Universe in Wolverhampton, at all the levels. It starts with our B.Sc Physics course, where we learn about Mechanics&mdash;both classical and quantum&mdash;optics and the language of the firmament: Mathematics. We then proceed to the most beautiful equations, that of Maxwell, that describe light, tame computers and carry on to understand everything else, from the physics of a superconductor to black holes. This page will give you a short overview of the main features of our course. While most of the fastly moving, dynamically changing things happen in Canvas on a lecture per lecture basis, this webspace hosts the slower action that takes place at the deeper level, involving all the courses together. You should be pointed to it whenever your visit will be needed, but feel free to come back any time to consult any item of interest or see if things happen unnoticed.<br />
<br />
Useful links:<br />
<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/Academic_Calendar_2018-19.pdf Academic calendar 2018-19].<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/ Timetables for modules] (or directly to [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/module_1.asp?previous=0 the modules]).<br />
* [https://www.wlv.ac.uk/current-students/examinations--timetabling-/university-rooms/ Rooms].<br />
<br />
= Teaching Staff =<br />
<br />
Prof. [[Fabrice|Fabrice Laussy]] is the Director of Studies for Physics at the University, with responsibility for the success and well-being of all the enrolled students. Dr. [[Elena|Del Valle]] and [[Anton|Nalitov]] are lecturers of Quantum Optics and Condensed-Matter, respectively. Dr. [[Andrew|Gascoyne]] is a Lecturer of Mathematics. J. [[Camilo|{{lopezcarreno}}]] is teaching assistant.<br />
<br />
<gallery perrow=3><br />
File:picture-fabrice.jpeg|Prof. Dr. Fabrice Laussy<br>[https://goo.gl/yYRqJK web] - [mailto:fabrice.laussy@gmail.com mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2270'''<br><small>Mathematics for Physics<br>Quantum Physics</small><br />
File:Elena-del-Valle-2019.jpg|Dr. Elena del Valle<br> - [mailto:e.delvalle@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2458'''<br><small>Electromagnetism I<br>Electromagnetism II<br>Foundation Year</small><br />
File:AntonNalitov.jpg|Dr. Anton Nalitov<br> - [mailto:A.Nalitov@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''1178'''<br><small>Optics<br>Thermal Physics</small><br />
File:Gascoyne_profile_photo2.jpg|Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br>[https://goo.gl/hFf752 web] - [mailto:A.D.Gascoyne@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 51'''8576'''<br><small>Mechanics<br>Scientific computing<br>Numerical Methods</small><br />
File:camilo-portrait-squared.jpg|Dr. Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}<br>[https://tinyurl.com/y5tlysgh web] - [mailto:J.LopezCarreno@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2187'''<br><small>Solid State<br>Quantum Mechanics</small><br />
File:SanaKhalid.jpeg|Sana Khalid<br>- [mailto:S.Khalid@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br><small>Mathematics<br>Quantum Mechanics</small> <br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
Our Academic Coach is Holly Herzberg – [mailto:Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk]. Please contact Sarah for support with problems which do not have a physics flavour.<br />
<br />
= Lectures =<br />
== Level 3 ==<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/16787 Foundation Year Physics] by Dr. del Valle, Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures) & Elouise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
<br />
== Level 4 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17299 Optics] by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* Mechanics by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne (Lectures & labs) & Eloise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17704 Mathematics for Physicists] by Prof. Fabrice Laussy (Lectures) and Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism I] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) and Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/14620 Quantum mechanics] by Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Lectures) & Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/9395 Scientific computing] by Prof. F.P. Laussy, E. del Valle, A. Nalitov and J. C. {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
<br />
== Level 5 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism II] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) & {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18065 Solid State Physics] by Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
* Mathematical Methods by Dr. Liam Naughton.<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18067 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics], by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18068 Quantum Physics], by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lecture) & Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua (Tutorials).<br />
* Numerical Methods, by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br />
<br />
= Academic calendar =<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:University-of-Wolverhampton---Academic-Calendar-2019.20.png|600px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Timetable =<br />
<br />
[[File:timetable-2019-20-v1.png|750px]]<br />
<br />
= Cohorts =<br />
<br />
Each cohort of Physicists in Wolverhampton gets named after an important physicist who changed his field, despite an off-the-beaten-track academic trajectory, in line with our own objectives and aspirations.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
<gallery heights=200px><br />
File:hanbury-brown.jpg|[[Hanbury Brown cohort]] (2017-2019)|link=[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]<br />
File:Jaynes.jpg|[[Jaynes cohort]]<br> (2018-2021)|link=[[Jaynes cohort]]<br />
File:Mollow.png|[[Mollow cohort]]<br> (2019-2022)|link=[[Mollow cohort]]<br />
</gallery><br />
</center><br />
<br />
Our first generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]''', named after the least conventional, most brilliant and greatest outsider physicist of the 20th century, in line with our seminal Physics course that is making a pioneering journey into a new branch of the University.<br />
<br />
Our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Jaynes cohort]]''', named after the out-of-the-box thinking theorist who challenged the Copenhagen interpretation with his celebrated Jaynes-Cumming model. Also a passionate university teacher, our tribute reminds us of our mission to bring together the best Physics in the classroom and in the literature.<br />
<br />
Our third generation of Wulfrunian Physicists is the '''[[Mollow cohort]]''', named after the maverick theorist who provided the first correct description of resonance fluorescence, i.e., the emission from an atom irradiated coherently at the frequency of its transition. This simple-looking problem is at the heart of quantum optics. The answer is, by the way, a triplet, known as the Mollow triplet.<br />
<br />
= Our Approach =<br />
<br />
Our approach strongly relies on modern pedagogical philosophy, based on active learning. More specifically, we echo at the local scale of our school the structure of science as it unravels at the top level. That is to say, we value notions such as collaborations (peer-teaching), various types of dissemination (oral and written, posters, short presentations), all to be archived as a scientific journal would do of its original content. In particular, we use research-led and research-based teaching, getting up to the standard of professional science right from the beginning and involving elements of ongoing research, to keep our students at the edges of things, at the same time as we bring them there from the very beginning of any standard high education, that is to say, from textbook material and the conventional academic content (Newtonian mechanics, optics, programming languages, etc.) As they explore these classics, the students apply research methods of self-examination, critical queries, actively working with the topics, rather than undertaking a passive exposure and working out exercises that usually consists in repeating a particular case. In the peer-teaching approach, students critically evaluate each other's works. All these approaches, always in some dose along others, are monitored to contribute to the state of the art of pedagogical research in physics education.<br />
<br />
The syllabus of the overall course reads as follow. You can find more course-specific content on [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/ Canvas] (you need to complete your module registration on [https://smsweb.wlv.ac.uk/urd/sits.urd/run/siw_lgn e:Vision] to access them).<br />
<br />
= Zeroth Year (Level 3) =<br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Physics (Foundation Year 3AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is the science of understanding, interpreting and engineering the physical universe. To do so, it relies on a broad set of other disciplines: from pure mathematics which describes fundamental physical laws - to experimental physics, providing both tests of the theory and further insights by systematic explorations or merely trials and errors. This module will first establish the foundations of the discipline, including scientific notations, physical units and dimensional analysis and a survey of mathematical representations of the physical world. It will then introduce the various tools, methods and ways of thinking of a physicist through a combined in-class/laboratory investigation of two of the key notions of physics, namely, oscillations and waves, and forces and energies. These will be illustrated from their manifestation in a range of disciplines, including optics, mechanics and electromagnetism. The emphasis will be on the phenomenology rather than on abstract and sophisticated models. The course is a good introduction to important notions used throughout the scientific spectrum and will provide adequate preparation for more in-depth studies, including for the BSc (Hons) Applied Physics.<br />
<br />
= First Year (Level 4) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
<br />
=== Optics (4AP001)===<br />
<br />
Optics is the Science of light. As our most privileged human contact with the surrounding world is through the eye, optics has always been a central topic in our description of the observable universe. Light is also one of the key technological resources with practical applications found in a variety of technologies and everyday objects, including mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, lasers and fibre optics. Because light is a particular type of electromagnetic waves (with frequencies close to those visible to the naked eye), optical phenomena are just a branch of classical electromagnetism. The full theory is so large however and this particular type is so important that it comes as topic of its own. The module will study two aspects of light: as rays (geometrical optics) and as waves (physical optics). The emphasis will be on geometrical optics with detailed study of optical instrumentation and their applications (magnifiers, cameras, microscope and telescopes, including human vision) in both the classroom and through laboratory sessions. The most important notions of physical optics that provide a more general framework to optical phenomena and prepare more advanced applications, such as interferometry, polarization and diffractive-optics, will be studied at a more introductory level. The module will also survey some advanced notions of photonics in the modern applications of light: the use of lasers, optical detectors, waveguides, fibers and devices for imaging, display and storage, to complete this first outlook on light.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:interferometer.jpg|350px|One of our interferometers, to study Michelson interferences.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematics (4MM011) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is an exact science and is articulated, even in its most applied and experimental aspects, through mathematics of various types and levels. Mathematics will therefore be a topic that will be studied in all years of the BSc (Hons) Physics course, to develop skills to enter employment fully armed with modern mathematical and numerical methods. The first year will refresh previous knowledge, in particular of calculus (of real and complex numbers), and move on from there to introduce basic real analysis (functions of one variable, trigonometry) assuring a working knowledge of integration and derivation. The bulk of the module will be on i) the theory of ordinary differential equations and ii) linear algebra. Both will be studied with practical considerations in mind but algebra will also be introduced as the study of abstract mathematical structures, with the study of sets, groups and vector spaces. The emphasis will remain on vector calculus and computation with matrices and tensors. Finally, rudimentary notions of probability will be studied, with statistics being covered in laboratory sessions. The module will conclude by introducing functions of several variables & their partial derivatives, to be revisited again on next year.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:markov-chain.png|300px|A matrix equation (for Markov chains)]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mechanics (4MM012) ===<br />
<br />
Mechanics is the epitome of physics: it describes and explains the behaviour of physical objects around us, from falling apples to orbiting planets. The first great achievement of Physics as a Science was Newton's understanding that the same laws describe both. The wide range of physical phenomena that can be explained from the laws of classical mechanics makes it a pillar of virtually all other scientific fields. This makes this topic one of the oldest and largest subjects in science, engineering and technology. The module will concentrate on Newtonian mechanics as an introduction to the methods and thinking of a physicist. It will also expand on this classical material to introduce more advanced ideas and concepts of Mechanics, including fluid mechanics, applied mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics. The other branch of mechanics, quantum mechanics, will be studied in a different module. The module will thus focus on the study of the motion of classical bodies and teach how to calculate in various reference frames their position, velocity and acceleration as a function of time under the action of applied forces, with applications to projectiles, astronomical bodies and macroscopic rigid bodies. Important concepts such as conservation laws and symmetry are introduced and studied in a plethora of variations. The dynamics of oscillators, in particular the harmonic oscillator, will be studied in great detail, with emphasis of how various terms in the equation correspond to various scenarios describing a physical object, with basic concepts such as driving and dissipation. The value and interest of exact (closed-form) solutions as compared to approximations will be highlighted.<br />
<br />
Laboratory sessions will be conducted to develop a firm grasp of Physics as an experimental and applied science, focusing on fundamentals such as the study of pendulums and springs, and reproducing pioneering experiments such as the free-falling objects of Galileo. Along with a traditional pen-and-paper approach, an introduction to fully automatised, computer-assisted modern laboratories will be given through a dynamic wireless smart-cart system.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:mini-launcher.jpg|250px|One of our mini launchers, to study the dynamics of falling bodies.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2==<br />
<br />
=== Quantum Mechanics (4AP003)===<br />
<br />
Quantum mechanics describes objects at small scales and low energies. Since our technology relies heavily on miniaturisation, quantum effects become increasingly important in the applied and engineering branches of physics. Every field of physics has its "quantum counterpart". Furthermore, quantum physics is so counter-intuitive that it makes a complete break with so-called "classical physics", even though the latter includes modern developments such as relativity that revolutionised our understanding of the nature of time and space. Being familiar with quantum concepts is not only important from the scientific viewpoint but also from cultural and philosophical point of views: from the quantum Zeno effect to Schrödinger's cat. Quantum physics is so pivotal in modern physics that some aspects of it will be studied in at all three levels of study in the BSc (Hons) Physics course.<br />
<br />
This level 4 module will introduce the problems with classical physics and the need for a paradigm change, how this was made through the concept of a wavefunction and its associated Schrödinger equation. Solving the latter on elementary cases with time-independent Hamiltonian will allow to delve into the interpretation and meaning of the theory. Its axiomatic formulation in an Hilbert space will introduce the formal and abstract aspects. The concept of quantum correlations will be introduced and contrasted to classical physics, with an introduction to the concepts leading to Bell's inequalities. Special emphasis will be given to applications of quantum physics and how it promises another technology revolution for the coming decades. The module will conclude on the two-body problem in quantum mechanics, introducing the notion of bosons and fermions.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:wavefunction.png|350px|The quantum wavefunction.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electromagnetism 1 (4AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is a Science of "unification", striving to find general fundamental principles that explain the largest possible extent of observed phenomena with the simplest set of physical laws. In this respect, electromagnetism is the standard theory that led to the unification of two important branches of physics: electricity and magnetism. Its further extension led to the "standard model" of particle physics. This level 4 module will bring us toward the culmination of the theory, namely Maxwell's equations, through preparatory study of vector calculus and in-depth separate analyses of the electric and magnetic fields. This will create familiarity with the respective phenomenology that are of considerable importance for the subject of applied physics. These phenomenon fall under the denomination of electrostatic (the science of electric charges) and magnetostatic (the science of magnets). Special emphasis will be given to electronic circuits as an applied illustration of important concepts of electrodynamics, and to support the laboratory sessions that will focus on these aspects.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:electrostatics.png|350px|One of our electrostatic kit, including a giant capacitor and Faraday ice pail.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Scientific Computing (4AP006)===<br />
<br />
With the advent and generalisation of computers, Science has taken a new turn. It is now possible to make breakthrough discoveries or reach record-breaking calculations with a standard home computer. Whilst this influences all of the Sciences, Physics is particularly affected since a physical problem is often reduced to solving an equation, which can usually be done numerically. The unique skillsets of Physicists in adapting computer resources to the wide variety of their problems make them highly sought in numerous areas extraneous to their speciality, such as in finance and banking, where they have proven to be the most versatile, resourceful and able users of computer simulations. Since numerical methods are a considerable resource, that will prove useful whatever the future occupation of any physicist will be, the topic will be studied throughout the course. <br />
<br />
This module will first introduce the use of computer resources in networking systems. The unix/linux-based scientific computing environment will be introduced for its scripting features, data processing tools as well as for the standard scientific document typesetting system (LaTeX). This environment will contribute to applications for the Enterprise and Employability Award through content-based rather than look-focused approach in setting up a resume, motivation letter and writting an application, and later for the preparation of Research-level scientific reports for the laboratory experiments. <br />
The module will then introduce basic algorithms and teach elementary numerical methods such as solving sets of linear equations, methods of interpolation, finding roots of nonlinear equations, evaluating integrals and will introduce direct methods for solving ordinary differential equations. The modules will be intensively based on laboratory sessions and practical work and will also teach the necessary programming skills. To endow the student with modern and powerful tools, the course will be taught in the Python programming language, which is a high-level language fairly easy to learn and affording great code readability. This will form a good starting point for development of other programming languages that will be needed on the professional market (where Python is also highly sought). It allows for interacting programming through ipython and Jupyter that is of great pedagogical value. All of these resources are open sources so students can study and apply their knowledge outside of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:ipynb_flat.png|350px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Second Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Electromagnetism 2 (5AP001)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the material studied in the 4AP004-Electromagnetism I, which concluded with the presentation of Maxwell's equations, brought together by separate studies of electric and magnetic phenomena. This level 5 module combines the equations, adding the one final piece brought by Maxwell, and show how this complete description of the time-and-space varying electromagnetic field opens a whole new realm of physical phenomena and applications. The module will show in particular how light emerges out of the equations and, remarkably, how the speed of light in a vacuum arises as a universal constant that is dependent only on the electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space. It will study light's propagation subsequent to its radiation by a source, a problem known as "electrodynamics". The study of light's interaction with matter will allow to revisit one's knowledge of optics from a more fundamental point of view and better appreciate the hierarchy of the subfields of physics. Intensive laboratory sessions will provide insights through a variety of microwave experiments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:microwave-setup.png|350px|One of our kits to explore microwaves.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Solid State Physics (5AP002)===<br />
<br />
Solid state physics is an introduction to condensed matter physics, within which you will study the particular topic of widest interest: that of rigid matter. This topic is both better understood and of greatest practical use for technology and industry, the bulk of which relies on a particular types of solids—semiconductors—that provide the bulk material for electronic devices. Solid state physics considers how large-scale properties of solids arise from fundamental phenomena taking place in crystalline ordering of densely packed atoms. It is a rich and fruitful field that illustrates how simple ideas lead to extremely complex behaviours when involving many-body physics. It also brings together various subfields of physics, from classical to quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistics, to this playground and considers how various phenomena have different origins or, in contrast, stem from a combination of several disciplines. This develops the ability to explain something out of a simple model. Solid state physics focuses on the mechanical (e.g., hardness and elasticity), thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of crystals. This module will describe all these aspects in details with a joint theoretical description in class and laboratory experimentation, contrasting different types of solids as probed through these various characteristics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:diamagnetism.png|300px|Diamagnetism.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematical Methods (5AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will strengthen the mathematical apparatus required to support the increasing knowledge and depth of description of the physical phenomena, now extending to functions of several variables and their associated partial differential equations. Calculus of vector field will also be covered in parallel through the Electromagnism II module. Complex analysis will extend calculus to the case of complex functions of complex variables, showing the stronger notion of derivatives through the CauchyRiemann's theorem and the notion of analycity. The module will then starts a paradigm shift towards providing the "Mathematical Methods" which are useful in physics, that consist of specialized techniques and tools from a given Mathematical discipline, that the physicist does not usually need to know in its entirety. Finally, the study of dynamical systems will be studied with some emphasis on applications for Physics (bistability and hysteresis of nonlinear oscillators, laser thresholds, Liénard systems, relaxation oscillations, etc.) <br />
<br />
<center>[[File:duffing-attractor.png|300px|The Duffing attractor, an example of a dynamical system.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics (5AP004) ===<br />
<br />
The unit to measure the "number of things", the mole, is unfathomably large, of the order of $10^{23}$ objects. In such conditions, describing a mole of, say, a gas, seems a daunting task, given the sheer amount of underlying constituents that interact between each other. It is one insight of thermodynamics and statistical physics that such complex objects can however be described, essentially completely and exactly with only a few variables. In fact, the larger the number of objects, the more accurate the description. An important illustration is the case of thermodynamics, the science of heat-flow and its relation to work, that is such a macroscopic consequence of statistical (and quantum) mechanics. An understanding of thermal physics is crucial, not only to modern physics, but also to chemistry, biology, computer science and, of course, several subfields of engineering. The module introduces key notions of statistical mechanics, with a strong emphasis on thermodynamics, but surveying also the other fields of interest for Physics, namely, solid state physics, optics and also complex systems.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:blackbody-radiation.png|350px|Our setup to measure blackbody radiation.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Quantum Physics (5AP005) ===<br />
<br />
This level 5 module on quantum mechanics will first extend the theory to a three-dimensional setting, taking advantage of a now better familiarity with more advanced mathematical tools, and then turn to applications of the theory to various cases and concepts of applied interest, including the description of the fundamental, and most common, atom in the universe: hydrogen. It will be shown how quantum mechanics explains the empirically observed spectroscopic lines of this and other chemical compounds. The physics of spin will be studied in detail, considering problems such as the dynamics of an electron in a magnetic field, already studied in the electromagnetism modules, being revisited here by the quantum theory. The addition of angular momenta will provide an opportunity to play with quantum algebra and see how quantum numbers behave in an unfamiliar fashion that requires much practice to be acquainted with. Useful and important computational techniques will be studied, such as perturbation theory, to provide a finer description of the hydrogen atom, or the variational principle, to study the molecule of Helium. Other techniques, such as the WKB approximation, adiabatic approximation, etc., will prepare the student for advanced use of the quantum theory in the description and understanding of the most contemporary systems and problems of modern physics, to be fully unravelled at level 6.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:sphericalharmonics.jpg|420px|Spherical harmonics describing the hydrogen atom.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Numerical Methods (5AP006)===<br />
<br />
This module will, in line with the expertise now acquired in the other disciplines of Physics, provide the tools to solve numerical problems that are time-dependent, in particular those involving fields. Concrete problems that arise from other modules, such as solving the heat equation in nontrivial geometries, computing a flow with various models and approximations, propagating a complex wavefunction or solving Maxwell equations, will be brought to the computer and studied there numerically, with emphasis on notions such as stability and convergence. This module will also provide a first experience with research-type problems involving the student's own analysis and judgement, to direct the most promising directions for further exploration.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:numerical-methods-level5.png|350px|Comparisons of various numerical methods.]]</center><br />
<br />
= Optional Third Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Sandwich Placement (5AP008) ==<br />
<br />
You have the opportunity to make a sandwich placement, somewhere in industry, a corporation, R&D center, hospital (medical Physics) or basically any place where you will be able to exercise your Physics skills and acquire new tricks, develop your network of contacts and prepare yourself a great future on the job market. This is optional. If you go through this route, you'll graduate after Level 6 on the fourth year.<br />
<br />
= Third Year (Level 6) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Modern Physics (6AP010) ===<br />
<br />
Modern Physics refers to the branches of physics that developed in the 20th century and beyond, extending the classical topics of mechanics and electromagnetism to the extreme conditions of very small sizes and/or high energies. The first breakup with classical physics was Einstein's theory of special relativity, that gave a new meaning to space and time. A first chapter of the module studies this pillar of modern physics, culminating with relativistic kinematics. The other breakup, that came with quantum theory, was so widespread and far-reaching that its material is studied independently in previous models of the course (quantum mechanics and quantum physics). This module focuses instead on its recent developments for the theory of information and towards technological applications. A success of modern physics is to describe all known particles in a unified, so-called standard model, that is overviewed at a phenomenological level, from elementary particles up to the nuclear model, presenting the two remaining forces of nature (weak and strong forces). A final chapter on general relativity, and how the curvature of spacetime describes gravitation, with some applications for cosmology, concludes this succinct picture of modern Physics. The module will allow students to get a good grip of the modern landscape of Physics as well as to be armed towards pursuing specialized Physics topics at a Master level in a broad variety of topics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:black-hole.png|275px|First observation of a black hole.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Computational Physics (6AP002)===<br />
<br />
The mathematical and computational aspects of physics will be brought together in a single module to provide the tools required for the student to develop their own capacity in identifying and solving problems. Topics in Mathematics will include Fourier and Laplace analysis, variational calculus, Green functions, and Optimization. More computer-oriented topics will introduce students to the field that sits at the boundary of Physics and Mathematics and Computer Science and that emerges as a discipline of its own: known as "numerical experiments" (or "simulation experiment"). Topics in this subject will include Monte Carlo methods, theory of algorithms and some notion of complexity and information theory, as well as an introduction to parallel and distributed programming. Emphasis will be given to computational analysis of the systems studied in Condensed Matter physics module (6AP001).<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:g2-monte-carlos.png|350px|A result of a computer experiment with photo-detection and its fit to theory.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 1 (6AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will prepare the level 6 student to undertake, under supervision, autonomous work in a University environment to produce original research. This will aid future employability, opening up the possibility to apply for a masters course or to join the most dynamic areas of the employment market place. This module will bring together all the skills developed and perfected up till now, including literature review, rapid understanding and distilling of considerable amounts of complex information, as well as a capacity to identify the required tools to tackle a problem. This first-semester module will present students with a set of problems, with various levels of laboratory, computer, and theory-based content (in most cases with a blend of all these). These problems will be discussed with a personal research-active tutor, so as to agree on a topic of mutual interest and the direction to explore. In this first stage, students will undertake a literature review and produce a scientific poster and written reports relating to research undertaken. The poster will be presented to the rest of the Physics students (including level 4 & 5 students), who will provide feedback and comments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:Quiet-zone-400x296.jpg|300px|A popular place with Researchers.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
=== Condensed Matter Physics (6AP001) ===<br />
<br />
Condensed matter physics describes the wide variety of condensed phases of matter, including, but not limited to, the most familiar forms that are the liquid and solid states, whose dedicated study makes a topic of its own. Indeed, condensed matter extends to more exotic phases such as glasses, liquid crystals, quasi-crystals, plasmas, (anti)ferromagnets or non-Newtonian fluids (that change their viscosity or flow behaviour under stress), to name a few. Condensed matter also describes fundamental states of matter ruled by quantum phenomena, including Bose-Einstein condensates, superconductors that conduct electricity without losses, and superfluids that flow without resistance. As such, condensed matter relies extensively on a combination of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics. It is an advanced topic that requires a firm understanding of all these disciplines, that, when brought together, give rise to the emergence of new concepts, following Anderson's credo: "More is different". The module will cover such important modern notions of contemporary physics, including broken symmetries, order parameters and topology.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:giant-magnetoresistance.png|350px|Measurement of giant magnetoresistance.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electrodynamics (6AP012) ===<br />
<br />
Electrodynamics is the science of the interaction between light and matter. This module brings together all the ingredients studied in details throughout the course, to give the final picture of how objects interact at the most fundamental level. The material starts in the wake of Electromagnetism II with radiation theory, or how accelerating charges produce electromagnetic fields. Then the classical theory of Maxwell equations is revisited from the point of view of special relativity, showing how the magnetic field emerges as a relativistic effect. In the second part of the module, we turn to the quantization of the electromagnetic field and its interaction with matter. We first complete the picture of the hydrogen atom from the Quantum Physics module, by studying its hyperfine structure and spontaneous emission. We then overview both the low and high-energy regimes of electrodynamics, with Dirac's equation for the electron and the Feynman diagrammatic rules on the one hand, and a study of the basic models of light-matter interactions that are resonance fluorescence, Rabi oscillations and the Jaynes-Cummings model, on the other hand.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photoelectric.png|350px|One of our setup to detect single photons.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 2 (6AP009)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the "Research 1" module (6AP003), engaging students in active research related to an identified problem. A weekly meeting will bring together the student and their personal research-active tutor, and/or the rest of the class, to describe progress, ideas, problems and difficulties and, if applicable, results. At the end of the module, the student will provide i) a 15 minutes oral presentation in conference style, in front of a panel of referees who will ask questions on the research results, and a ii) written report in the form and style of a research article. In case of valuable results in a nontrivial problem, the latter will be submitted for publication and evaluated by research peers beyond the walls of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:prl-2017.png|300px|The portal of Phys. Rev. Lett.]]</center></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_Seminars&diff=1231Physics Seminars2019-11-07T20:16:30Z<p>Juancamilo: </p>
<hr />
<div><p align=right><br />
''Not only is it important to ask questions and find the answers, as a scientist I felt obligated to communicate with the world what we were learning.''<br><br />
Stephen Hawking, in Brief Answers to the Big Questions</p> <br />
<br />
This is a list of our WLM seminars (in chronological order, last given is last in the list. 👉 points to the next one). Note that we call "''seminar''" everything, which actually includes research talks, evening Lectures, expert and wide audience addresses alike, etc.<br />
<br />
# [[Hancock seminar (March 2018)]] on nanographene.<br />
# [[Petrov seminar (October 2018)]] on squeezed light.<br />
# [[Nobel seminar (October 2018)]] on the Nobel prize of this year.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Wilkinson seminar (December 2018)]] on medical & forensic applications of Physics.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Cross seminar (January 2019)]] on fast cars.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Newsam seminar (April 2019)]] on Astronomy and Art.<br />
# [[Nalitov seminar (May 2019)]] on topogical and nonlinear effects with polaritons.<br />
# [[Sigurdsson seminar (June 2019)]] on time-delay polaritonics.<br />
# [[Khalid seminar (September 2019)]] on being a University student.<br />
# [[del Valle seminar (September 2019)]] on the research in Physics in Wolverhampton.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Sánchez Muñoz seminar (October 2019)]] on the tiniest possible sound.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Nobel seminar (October 2019)]] on the Nobel prize of this year.<br />
# [[Cherotchenko seminar (October 2019)]] on everything perovskites.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Whittaker seminar (November 2019)]] on running barefoot.<br />
# 👉'''[[Rasol seminar (November 2019)]]''' on Quantum Supremacy.<br />
# [[Zubizaretta seminar (December 2019)]] tbc.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Christmas Lecture (December 2019)]] on Music. [[File:notes.png|30px]]<br />
# {{iop}} [[Wilkinson seminar (January 2020)]] on Physics in Science-Fiction writing.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Ramsay seminar (January 2020)]] on physics pushing the frontiers of technology.<br />
# {{iop}} [[De Liberato seminar (February 2020)]] on scientific enteprenership.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Nalitov seminar (March 2020)]] on time crystals.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Ohadi seminar (April 2020)]] on weird quantum fluids.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Khechara seminar (April 2020)]] on the most dangerous experiments in Physics.<br />
<br />
== Institute of Physics's Lectures ==<br />
<br />
We are part of the [https://www.iop.org/activity/branches/midlands/west-midlands/index.html#gref West Midlands] branch of the IOP and regularly host fascinating evening {{iop}} lectures open to all.<br />
<br />
# [[:File:IOP-Wolverhampton-2018-2019.pdf|Program 2018-2019]]<br />
# [[:File:IOP-Wolverhampton-2019-2020.pdf|Program 2019-2020]]<br />
<br />
<p>&nbsp;</p><br />
We also keep a list of interesting seminars of special interest to the audience of ours:<br />
<br />
# [[Wolverhampton Astronomical Society (March 2019)]] on the Science of Armageddon.</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_BSc&diff=1226Physics BSc2019-10-30T11:46:31Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Teaching Staff */</p>
<hr />
<div>:''All science is either Physics or stamp collecting.'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford Ernest Rutherford].<br />
<br />
We are studying the Universe in Wolverhampton, at all the levels. It starts with our B.Sc Physics course, where we learn about Mechanics&mdash;both classical and quantum&mdash;optics and the language of the firmament: Mathematics. We then proceed to the most beautiful equations, that of Maxwell, that describe light, tame computers and carry on to understand everything else, from the physics of a superconductor to black holes. This page will give you a short overview of the main features of our course. While most of the fastly moving, dynamically changing things happen in Canvas on a lecture per lecture basis, this webspace hosts the slower action that takes place at the deeper level, involving all the courses together. You should be pointed to it whenever your visit will be needed, but feel free to come back any time to consult any item of interest or see if things happen unnoticed.<br />
<br />
Useful links:<br />
<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/Academic_Calendar_2018-19.pdf Academic calendar 2018-19].<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/ Timetables for modules] (or directly to [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/module_1.asp?previous=0 the modules]).<br />
* [https://www.wlv.ac.uk/current-students/examinations--timetabling-/university-rooms/ Rooms].<br />
<br />
= Teaching Staff =<br />
<br />
Prof. [[Fabrice|Fabrice Laussy]] is the Director of Studies for Physics at the University, with responsibility for the success and well-being of all the enrolled students. Dr. [[Elena|Del Valle]] and [[Anton|Nalitov]] are lecturers of Quantum Optics and Condensed-Matter, respectively. Dr. [[Andrew|Gascoyne]] is a Lecturer of Mathematics. J. [[Camilo|{{lopezcarreno}}]] is teaching assistant.<br />
<br />
<gallery perrow=3><br />
File:picture-fabrice.jpeg|Prof. Dr. Fabrice Laussy.<br>[https://goo.gl/yYRqJK web] - [mailto:fabrice.laussy@gmail.com mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2270'''<br><small>Mathematics for Physics<br>Quantum Physics</small><br />
File:Elena-del-Valle-2019.jpg|Dr. Elena del Valle.<br> - [mailto:e.delvalle@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2458'''<br><small>Electromagnetism I<br>Electromagnetism II<br>Foundation Year</small><br />
File:AntonNalitov.jpg|Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br> - [mailto:A.Nalitov@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''1178'''<br><small>Optics<br>Thermal Physics</small><br />
File:Gascoyne_profile_photo2.jpg|Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br>[https://goo.gl/hFf752 web] - [mailto:A.D.Gascoyne@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 51'''8576'''<br><small>Mechanics<br>Scientific computing<br>Numerical Methods</small><br />
File:camilo-portrait-squared.jpg|Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}<br>[https://tinyurl.com/y5tlysgh web] - [mailto:J.LopezCarreno@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2187'''<br><small>Solid State<br>Quantum Mechanics</small><br />
File:SanaKhalid.jpeg|Sana Khalid<br>- [mailto:S.Khalid@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br><small>Mathematics<br>Quantum Mechanics</small> <br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
Our Academic Coach is Holly Herzberg – [mailto:Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk]. Please contact Sarah for support with problems which do not have a physics flavour.<br />
<br />
= Lectures =<br />
== Level 3 ==<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/16787 Foundation Year Physics] by Dr. del Valle, Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures) & Elouise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
<br />
== Level 4 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17299 Optics] by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* Mechanics by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne (Lectures & labs) & Eloise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17704 Mathematics for Physicists] by Prof. Fabrice Laussy (Lectures) and Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism I] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) and Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/14620 Quantum mechanics] by Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Lectures) & Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/9395 Scientific computing] by Prof. F.P. Laussy, E. del Valle, A. Nalitov and J. C. {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
<br />
== Level 5 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism II] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) & {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18065 Solid State Physics] by Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
* Mathematical Methods by Dr. Liam Naughton.<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18067 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics], by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18068 Quantum Physics], by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lecture) & Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua (Tutorials).<br />
* Numerical Methods, by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br />
<br />
= Academic calendar =<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:University-of-Wolverhampton---Academic-Calendar-2019.20.png|600px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Timetable =<br />
<br />
[[File:timetable-2019-20-v1.png|750px]]<br />
<br />
= Cohorts =<br />
<br />
Each cohort of Physicists in Wolverhampton gets named after an important physicist who changed his field, despite an off-the-beaten-track academic trajectory, in line with our own objectives and aspirations.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
<gallery heights=200px><br />
File:hanbury-brown.jpg|[[Hanbury Brown cohort]] (2017-2019)|link=[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]<br />
File:Jaynes.jpg|[[Jaynes cohort]]<br> (2018-2021)|link=[[Jaynes cohort]]<br />
File:Mollow.png|[[Mollow cohort]]<br> (2019-2022)|link=[[Mollow cohort]]<br />
</gallery><br />
</center><br />
<br />
Our first generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]''', named after the least conventional, most brilliant and greatest outsider physicist of the 20th century, in line with our seminal Physics course that is making a pioneering journey into a new branch of the University.<br />
<br />
Our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Jaynes cohort]]''', named after the out-of-the-box thinking theorist who challenged the Copenhagen interpretation with his celebrated Jaynes-Cumming model. Also a passionate university teacher, our tribute reminds us of our mission to bring together the best Physics in the classroom and in the literature.<br />
<br />
Our third generation of Wulfrunian Physicists is the '''[[Mollow cohort]]''', named after the maverick theorist who provided the first correct description of resonance fluorescence, i.e., the emission from an atom irradiated coherently at the frequency of its transition. This simple-looking problem is at the heart of quantum optics. The answer is, by the way, a triplet, known as the Mollow triplet.<br />
<br />
= Our Approach =<br />
<br />
Our approach strongly relies on modern pedagogical philosophy, based on active learning. More specifically, we echo at the local scale of our school the structure of science as it unravels at the top level. That is to say, we value notions such as collaborations (peer-teaching), various types of dissemination (oral and written, posters, short presentations), all to be archived as a scientific journal would do of its original content. In particular, we use research-led and research-based teaching, getting up to the standard of professional science right from the beginning and involving elements of ongoing research, to keep our students at the edges of things, at the same time as we bring them there from the very beginning of any standard high education, that is to say, from textbook material and the conventional academic content (Newtonian mechanics, optics, programming languages, etc.) As they explore these classics, the students apply research methods of self-examination, critical queries, actively working with the topics, rather than undertaking a passive exposure and working out exercises that usually consists in repeating a particular case. In the peer-teaching approach, students critically evaluate each other's works. All these approaches, always in some dose along others, are monitored to contribute to the state of the art of pedagogical research in physics education.<br />
<br />
The syllabus of the overall course reads as follow. You can find more course-specific content on [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/ Canvas] (you need to complete your module registration on [https://smsweb.wlv.ac.uk/urd/sits.urd/run/siw_lgn e:Vision] to access them).<br />
<br />
= Zeroth Year (Level 3) =<br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Physics (Foundation Year 3AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is the science of understanding, interpreting and engineering the physical universe. To do so, it relies on a broad set of other disciplines: from pure mathematics which describes fundamental physical laws - to experimental physics, providing both tests of the theory and further insights by systematic explorations or merely trials and errors. This module will first establish the foundations of the discipline, including scientific notations, physical units and dimensional analysis and a survey of mathematical representations of the physical world. It will then introduce the various tools, methods and ways of thinking of a physicist through a combined in-class/laboratory investigation of two of the key notions of physics, namely, oscillations and waves, and forces and energies. These will be illustrated from their manifestation in a range of disciplines, including optics, mechanics and electromagnetism. The emphasis will be on the phenomenology rather than on abstract and sophisticated models. The course is a good introduction to important notions used throughout the scientific spectrum and will provide adequate preparation for more in-depth studies, including for the BSc (Hons) Applied Physics.<br />
<br />
= First Year (Level 4) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
<br />
=== Optics (4AP001)===<br />
<br />
Optics is the Science of light. As our most privileged human contact with the surrounding world is through the eye, optics has always been a central topic in our description of the observable universe. Light is also one of the key technological resources with practical applications found in a variety of technologies and everyday objects, including mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, lasers and fibre optics. Because light is a particular type of electromagnetic waves (with frequencies close to those visible to the naked eye), optical phenomena are just a branch of classical electromagnetism. The full theory is so large however and this particular type is so important that it comes as topic of its own. The module will study two aspects of light: as rays (geometrical optics) and as waves (physical optics). The emphasis will be on geometrical optics with detailed study of optical instrumentation and their applications (magnifiers, cameras, microscope and telescopes, including human vision) in both the classroom and through laboratory sessions. The most important notions of physical optics that provide a more general framework to optical phenomena and prepare more advanced applications, such as interferometry, polarization and diffractive-optics, will be studied at a more introductory level. The module will also survey some advanced notions of photonics in the modern applications of light: the use of lasers, optical detectors, waveguides, fibers and devices for imaging, display and storage, to complete this first outlook on light.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:interferometer.jpg|350px|One of our interferometers, to study Michelson interferences.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematics (4MM011) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is an exact science and is articulated, even in its most applied and experimental aspects, through mathematics of various types and levels. Mathematics will therefore be a topic that will be studied in all years of the BSc (Hons) Physics course, to develop skills to enter employment fully armed with modern mathematical and numerical methods. The first year will refresh previous knowledge, in particular of calculus (of real and complex numbers), and move on from there to introduce basic real analysis (functions of one variable, trigonometry) assuring a working knowledge of integration and derivation. The bulk of the module will be on i) the theory of ordinary differential equations and ii) linear algebra. Both will be studied with practical considerations in mind but algebra will also be introduced as the study of abstract mathematical structures, with the study of sets, groups and vector spaces. The emphasis will remain on vector calculus and computation with matrices and tensors. Finally, rudimentary notions of probability will be studied, with statistics being covered in laboratory sessions. The module will conclude by introducing functions of several variables & their partial derivatives, to be revisited again on next year.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:markov-chain.png|300px|A matrix equation (for Markov chains)]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mechanics (4MM012) ===<br />
<br />
Mechanics is the epitome of physics: it describes and explains the behaviour of physical objects around us, from falling apples to orbiting planets. The first great achievement of Physics as a Science was Newton's understanding that the same laws describe both. The wide range of physical phenomena that can be explained from the laws of classical mechanics makes it a pillar of virtually all other scientific fields. This makes this topic one of the oldest and largest subjects in science, engineering and technology. The module will concentrate on Newtonian mechanics as an introduction to the methods and thinking of a physicist. It will also expand on this classical material to introduce more advanced ideas and concepts of Mechanics, including fluid mechanics, applied mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics. The other branch of mechanics, quantum mechanics, will be studied in a different module. The module will thus focus on the study of the motion of classical bodies and teach how to calculate in various reference frames their position, velocity and acceleration as a function of time under the action of applied forces, with applications to projectiles, astronomical bodies and macroscopic rigid bodies. Important concepts such as conservation laws and symmetry are introduced and studied in a plethora of variations. The dynamics of oscillators, in particular the harmonic oscillator, will be studied in great detail, with emphasis of how various terms in the equation correspond to various scenarios describing a physical object, with basic concepts such as driving and dissipation. The value and interest of exact (closed-form) solutions as compared to approximations will be highlighted.<br />
<br />
Laboratory sessions will be conducted to develop a firm grasp of Physics as an experimental and applied science, focusing on fundamentals such as the study of pendulums and springs, and reproducing pioneering experiments such as the free-falling objects of Galileo. Along with a traditional pen-and-paper approach, an introduction to fully automatised, computer-assisted modern laboratories will be given through a dynamic wireless smart-cart system.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:mini-launcher.jpg|250px|One of our mini launchers, to study the dynamics of falling bodies.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2==<br />
<br />
=== Quantum Mechanics (4AP003)===<br />
<br />
Quantum mechanics describes objects at small scales and low energies. Since our technology relies heavily on miniaturisation, quantum effects become increasingly important in the applied and engineering branches of physics. Every field of physics has its "quantum counterpart". Furthermore, quantum physics is so counter-intuitive that it makes a complete break with so-called "classical physics", even though the latter includes modern developments such as relativity that revolutionised our understanding of the nature of time and space. Being familiar with quantum concepts is not only important from the scientific viewpoint but also from cultural and philosophical point of views: from the quantum Zeno effect to Schrödinger's cat. Quantum physics is so pivotal in modern physics that some aspects of it will be studied in at all three levels of study in the BSc (Hons) Physics course.<br />
<br />
This level 4 module will introduce the problems with classical physics and the need for a paradigm change, how this was made through the concept of a wavefunction and its associated Schrödinger equation. Solving the latter on elementary cases with time-independent Hamiltonian will allow to delve into the interpretation and meaning of the theory. Its axiomatic formulation in an Hilbert space will introduce the formal and abstract aspects. The concept of quantum correlations will be introduced and contrasted to classical physics, with an introduction to the concepts leading to Bell's inequalities. Special emphasis will be given to applications of quantum physics and how it promises another technology revolution for the coming decades. The module will conclude on the two-body problem in quantum mechanics, introducing the notion of bosons and fermions.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:wavefunction.png|350px|The quantum wavefunction.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electromagnetism 1 (4AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is a Science of "unification", striving to find general fundamental principles that explain the largest possible extent of observed phenomena with the simplest set of physical laws. In this respect, electromagnetism is the standard theory that led to the unification of two important branches of physics: electricity and magnetism. Its further extension led to the "standard model" of particle physics. This level 4 module will bring us toward the culmination of the theory, namely Maxwell's equations, through preparatory study of vector calculus and in-depth separate analyses of the electric and magnetic fields. This will create familiarity with the respective phenomenology that are of considerable importance for the subject of applied physics. These phenomenon fall under the denomination of electrostatic (the science of electric charges) and magnetostatic (the science of magnets). Special emphasis will be given to electronic circuits as an applied illustration of important concepts of electrodynamics, and to support the laboratory sessions that will focus on these aspects.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:electrostatics.png|350px|One of our electrostatic kit, including a giant capacitor and Faraday ice pail.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Scientific Computing (4AP006)===<br />
<br />
With the advent and generalisation of computers, Science has taken a new turn. It is now possible to make breakthrough discoveries or reach record-breaking calculations with a standard home computer. Whilst this influences all of the Sciences, Physics is particularly affected since a physical problem is often reduced to solving an equation, which can usually be done numerically. The unique skillsets of Physicists in adapting computer resources to the wide variety of their problems make them highly sought in numerous areas extraneous to their speciality, such as in finance and banking, where they have proven to be the most versatile, resourceful and able users of computer simulations. Since numerical methods are a considerable resource, that will prove useful whatever the future occupation of any physicist will be, the topic will be studied throughout the course. <br />
<br />
This module will first introduce the use of computer resources in networking systems. The unix/linux-based scientific computing environment will be introduced for its scripting features, data processing tools as well as for the standard scientific document typesetting system (LaTeX). This environment will contribute to applications for the Enterprise and Employability Award through content-based rather than look-focused approach in setting up a resume, motivation letter and writting an application, and later for the preparation of Research-level scientific reports for the laboratory experiments. <br />
The module will then introduce basic algorithms and teach elementary numerical methods such as solving sets of linear equations, methods of interpolation, finding roots of nonlinear equations, evaluating integrals and will introduce direct methods for solving ordinary differential equations. The modules will be intensively based on laboratory sessions and practical work and will also teach the necessary programming skills. To endow the student with modern and powerful tools, the course will be taught in the Python programming language, which is a high-level language fairly easy to learn and affording great code readability. This will form a good starting point for development of other programming languages that will be needed on the professional market (where Python is also highly sought). It allows for interacting programming through ipython and Jupyter that is of great pedagogical value. All of these resources are open sources so students can study and apply their knowledge outside of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:ipynb_flat.png|350px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Second Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Electromagnetism 2 (5AP001)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the material studied in the 4AP004-Electromagnetism I, which concluded with the presentation of Maxwell's equations, brought together by separate studies of electric and magnetic phenomena. This level 5 module combines the equations, adding the one final piece brought by Maxwell, and show how this complete description of the time-and-space varying electromagnetic field opens a whole new realm of physical phenomena and applications. The module will show in particular how light emerges out of the equations and, remarkably, how the speed of light in a vacuum arises as a universal constant that is dependent only on the electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space. It will study light's propagation subsequent to its radiation by a source, a problem known as "electrodynamics". The study of light's interaction with matter will allow to revisit one's knowledge of optics from a more fundamental point of view and better appreciate the hierarchy of the subfields of physics. Intensive laboratory sessions will provide insights through a variety of microwave experiments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:microwave-setup.png|350px|One of our kits to explore microwaves.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Solid State Physics (5AP002)===<br />
<br />
Solid state physics is an introduction to condensed matter physics, within which you will study the particular topic of widest interest: that of rigid matter. This topic is both better understood and of greatest practical use for technology and industry, the bulk of which relies on a particular types of solids—semiconductors—that provide the bulk material for electronic devices. Solid state physics considers how large-scale properties of solids arise from fundamental phenomena taking place in crystalline ordering of densely packed atoms. It is a rich and fruitful field that illustrates how simple ideas lead to extremely complex behaviours when involving many-body physics. It also brings together various subfields of physics, from classical to quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistics, to this playground and considers how various phenomena have different origins or, in contrast, stem from a combination of several disciplines. This develops the ability to explain something out of a simple model. Solid state physics focuses on the mechanical (e.g., hardness and elasticity), thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of crystals. This module will describe all these aspects in details with a joint theoretical description in class and laboratory experimentation, contrasting different types of solids as probed through these various characteristics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:diamagnetism.png|300px|Diamagnetism.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematical Methods (5AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will strengthen the mathematical apparatus required to support the increasing knowledge and depth of description of the physical phenomena, now extending to functions of several variables and their associated partial differential equations. Calculus of vector field will also be covered in parallel through the Electromagnism II module. Complex analysis will extend calculus to the case of complex functions of complex variables, showing the stronger notion of derivatives through the CauchyRiemann's theorem and the notion of analycity. The module will then starts a paradigm shift towards providing the "Mathematical Methods" which are useful in physics, that consist of specialized techniques and tools from a given Mathematical discipline, that the physicist does not usually need to know in its entirety. Finally, the study of dynamical systems will be studied with some emphasis on applications for Physics (bistability and hysteresis of nonlinear oscillators, laser thresholds, Liénard systems, relaxation oscillations, etc.) <br />
<br />
<center>[[File:duffing-attractor.png|300px|The Duffing attractor, an example of a dynamical system.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics (5AP004) ===<br />
<br />
The unit to measure the "number of things", the mole, is unfathomably large, of the order of $10^{23}$ objects. In such conditions, describing a mole of, say, a gas, seems a daunting task, given the sheer amount of underlying constituents that interact between each other. It is one insight of thermodynamics and statistical physics that such complex objects can however be described, essentially completely and exactly with only a few variables. In fact, the larger the number of objects, the more accurate the description. An important illustration is the case of thermodynamics, the science of heat-flow and its relation to work, that is such a macroscopic consequence of statistical (and quantum) mechanics. An understanding of thermal physics is crucial, not only to modern physics, but also to chemistry, biology, computer science and, of course, several subfields of engineering. The module introduces key notions of statistical mechanics, with a strong emphasis on thermodynamics, but surveying also the other fields of interest for Physics, namely, solid state physics, optics and also complex systems.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:blackbody-radiation.png|350px|Our setup to measure blackbody radiation.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Quantum Physics (5AP005) ===<br />
<br />
This level 5 module on quantum mechanics will first extend the theory to a three-dimensional setting, taking advantage of a now better familiarity with more advanced mathematical tools, and then turn to applications of the theory to various cases and concepts of applied interest, including the description of the fundamental, and most common, atom in the universe: hydrogen. It will be shown how quantum mechanics explains the empirically observed spectroscopic lines of this and other chemical compounds. The physics of spin will be studied in detail, considering problems such as the dynamics of an electron in a magnetic field, already studied in the electromagnetism modules, being revisited here by the quantum theory. The addition of angular momenta will provide an opportunity to play with quantum algebra and see how quantum numbers behave in an unfamiliar fashion that requires much practice to be acquainted with. Useful and important computational techniques will be studied, such as perturbation theory, to provide a finer description of the hydrogen atom, or the variational principle, to study the molecule of Helium. Other techniques, such as the WKB approximation, adiabatic approximation, etc., will prepare the student for advanced use of the quantum theory in the description and understanding of the most contemporary systems and problems of modern physics, to be fully unravelled at level 6.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:sphericalharmonics.jpg|420px|Spherical harmonics describing the hydrogen atom.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Numerical Methods (5AP006)===<br />
<br />
This module will, in line with the expertise now acquired in the other disciplines of Physics, provide the tools to solve numerical problems that are time-dependent, in particular those involving fields. Concrete problems that arise from other modules, such as solving the heat equation in nontrivial geometries, computing a flow with various models and approximations, propagating a complex wavefunction or solving Maxwell equations, will be brought to the computer and studied there numerically, with emphasis on notions such as stability and convergence. This module will also provide a first experience with research-type problems involving the student's own analysis and judgement, to direct the most promising directions for further exploration.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:numerical-methods-level5.png|350px|Comparisons of various numerical methods.]]</center><br />
<br />
= Optional Third Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Sandwich Placement (5AP008) ==<br />
<br />
You have the opportunity to make a sandwich placement, somewhere in industry, a corporation, R&D center, hospital (medical Physics) or basically any place where you will be able to exercise your Physics skills and acquire new tricks, develop your network of contacts and prepare yourself a great future on the job market. This is optional. If you go through this route, you'll graduate after Level 6 on the fourth year.<br />
<br />
= Third Year (Level 6) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Modern Physics (6AP010) ===<br />
<br />
Modern Physics refers to the branches of physics that developed in the 20th century and beyond, extending the classical topics of mechanics and electromagnetism to the extreme conditions of very small sizes and/or high energies. The first breakup with classical physics was Einstein's theory of special relativity, that gave a new meaning to space and time. A first chapter of the module studies this pillar of modern physics, culminating with relativistic kinematics. The other breakup, that came with quantum theory, was so widespread and far-reaching that its material is studied independently in previous models of the course (quantum mechanics and quantum physics). This module focuses instead on its recent developments for the theory of information and towards technological applications. A success of modern physics is to describe all known particles in a unified, so-called standard model, that is overviewed at a phenomenological level, from elementary particles up to the nuclear model, presenting the two remaining forces of nature (weak and strong forces). A final chapter on general relativity, and how the curvature of spacetime describes gravitation, with some applications for cosmology, concludes this succinct picture of modern Physics. The module will allow students to get a good grip of the modern landscape of Physics as well as to be armed towards pursuing specialized Physics topics at a Master level in a broad variety of topics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:black-hole.png|275px|First observation of a black hole.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Computational Physics (6AP002)===<br />
<br />
The mathematical and computational aspects of physics will be brought together in a single module to provide the tools required for the student to develop their own capacity in identifying and solving problems. Topics in Mathematics will include Fourier and Laplace analysis, variational calculus, Green functions, and Optimization. More computer-oriented topics will introduce students to the field that sits at the boundary of Physics and Mathematics and Computer Science and that emerges as a discipline of its own: known as "numerical experiments" (or "simulation experiment"). Topics in this subject will include Monte Carlo methods, theory of algorithms and some notion of complexity and information theory, as well as an introduction to parallel and distributed programming. Emphasis will be given to computational analysis of the systems studied in Condensed Matter physics module (6AP001).<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:g2-monte-carlos.png|350px|A result of a computer experiment with photo-detection and its fit to theory.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 1 (6AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will prepare the level 6 student to undertake, under supervision, autonomous work in a University environment to produce original research. This will aid future employability, opening up the possibility to apply for a masters course or to join the most dynamic areas of the employment market place. This module will bring together all the skills developed and perfected up till now, including literature review, rapid understanding and distilling of considerable amounts of complex information, as well as a capacity to identify the required tools to tackle a problem. This first-semester module will present students with a set of problems, with various levels of laboratory, computer, and theory-based content (in most cases with a blend of all these). These problems will be discussed with a personal research-active tutor, so as to agree on a topic of mutual interest and the direction to explore. In this first stage, students will undertake a literature review and produce a scientific poster and written reports relating to research undertaken. The poster will be presented to the rest of the Physics students (including level 4 & 5 students), who will provide feedback and comments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:Quiet-zone-400x296.jpg|300px|A popular place with Researchers.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
=== Condensed Matter Physics (6AP001) ===<br />
<br />
Condensed matter physics describes the wide variety of condensed phases of matter, including, but not limited to, the most familiar forms that are the liquid and solid states, whose dedicated study makes a topic of its own. Indeed, condensed matter extends to more exotic phases such as glasses, liquid crystals, quasi-crystals, plasmas, (anti)ferromagnets or non-Newtonian fluids (that change their viscosity or flow behaviour under stress), to name a few. Condensed matter also describes fundamental states of matter ruled by quantum phenomena, including Bose-Einstein condensates, superconductors that conduct electricity without losses, and superfluids that flow without resistance. As such, condensed matter relies extensively on a combination of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics. It is an advanced topic that requires a firm understanding of all these disciplines, that, when brought together, give rise to the emergence of new concepts, following Anderson's credo: "More is different". The module will cover such important modern notions of contemporary physics, including broken symmetries, order parameters and topology.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:giant-magnetoresistance.png|350px|Measurement of giant magnetoresistance.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electrodynamics (6AP012) ===<br />
<br />
Electrodynamics is the science of the interaction between light and matter. This module brings together all the ingredients studied in details throughout the course, to give the final picture of how objects interact at the most fundamental level. The material starts in the wake of Electromagnetism II with radiation theory, or how accelerating charges produce electromagnetic fields. Then the classical theory of Maxwell equations is revisited from the point of view of special relativity, showing how the magnetic field emerges as a relativistic effect. In the second part of the module, we turn to the quantization of the electromagnetic field and its interaction with matter. We first complete the picture of the hydrogen atom from the Quantum Physics module, by studying its hyperfine structure and spontaneous emission. We then overview both the low and high-energy regimes of electrodynamics, with Dirac's equation for the electron and the Feynman diagrammatic rules on the one hand, and a study of the basic models of light-matter interactions that are resonance fluorescence, Rabi oscillations and the Jaynes-Cummings model, on the other hand.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photoelectric.png|350px|One of our setup to detect single photons.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 2 (6AP009)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the "Research 1" module (6AP003), engaging students in active research related to an identified problem. A weekly meeting will bring together the student and their personal research-active tutor, and/or the rest of the class, to describe progress, ideas, problems and difficulties and, if applicable, results. At the end of the module, the student will provide i) a 15 minutes oral presentation in conference style, in front of a panel of referees who will ask questions on the research results, and a ii) written report in the form and style of a research article. In case of valuable results in a nontrivial problem, the latter will be submitted for publication and evaluated by research peers beyond the walls of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:prl-2017.png|300px|The portal of Phys. Rev. Lett.]]</center></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_BSc&diff=1225Physics BSc2019-10-30T11:46:15Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Teaching Staff */</p>
<hr />
<div>:''All science is either Physics or stamp collecting.'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford Ernest Rutherford].<br />
<br />
We are studying the Universe in Wolverhampton, at all the levels. It starts with our B.Sc Physics course, where we learn about Mechanics&mdash;both classical and quantum&mdash;optics and the language of the firmament: Mathematics. We then proceed to the most beautiful equations, that of Maxwell, that describe light, tame computers and carry on to understand everything else, from the physics of a superconductor to black holes. This page will give you a short overview of the main features of our course. While most of the fastly moving, dynamically changing things happen in Canvas on a lecture per lecture basis, this webspace hosts the slower action that takes place at the deeper level, involving all the courses together. You should be pointed to it whenever your visit will be needed, but feel free to come back any time to consult any item of interest or see if things happen unnoticed.<br />
<br />
Useful links:<br />
<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/Academic_Calendar_2018-19.pdf Academic calendar 2018-19].<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/ Timetables for modules] (or directly to [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/module_1.asp?previous=0 the modules]).<br />
* [https://www.wlv.ac.uk/current-students/examinations--timetabling-/university-rooms/ Rooms].<br />
<br />
= Teaching Staff =<br />
<br />
Prof. [[Fabrice|Fabrice Laussy]] is the Director of Studies for Physics at the University, with responsibility for the success and well-being of all the enrolled students. Dr. [[Elena|Del Valle]] and [[Anton|Nalitov]] are lecturers of Quantum Optics and Condensed-Matter, respectively. Dr. [[Andrew|Gascoyne]] is a Lecturer of Mathematics. J. [[Camilo|{{lopezcarreno}}]] is teaching assistant.<br />
<br />
<gallery perrow=3><br />
File:picture-fabrice.jpeg|Prof. Dr. Fabrice Laussy.<br>[https://goo.gl/yYRqJK web] - [mailto:fabrice.laussy@gmail.com mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2270'''<br><small>Mathematics for Physics<br>Quantum Physics</small><br />
File:Elena-del-Valle-2019.jpg|Dr. Elena del Valle.<br> - [mailto:e.delvalle@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2458'''<br><small>Electromagnetism I<br>Electromagnetism II<br>Foundation Year</small><br />
File:AntonNalitov.jpg|Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br> - [mailto:A.Nalitov@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''1178'''<br><small>Optics<br>Thermal Physics</small><br />
File:Gascoyne_profile_photo2.jpg|Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br>[https://goo.gl/hFf752 web] - [mailto:A.D.Gascoyne@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 51'''8576'''<br><small>Mechanics<br>Scientific computing<br>Numerical Methods</small><br />
File:camilo-portrait-squared.jpg|Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}<br>[https://tinyurl.com/y5tlysgh web] - [mailto:J.LopezCarreno@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2187'''<br><small>Solid State<br>Quantum Mechanics</small><br />
File:SanaKhalid.jpeg|Sana Khalid<br>- [mailto:S.Khalid@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br><small>Mathematics<br>Quantum Mechanics</small> <br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
Herzberg, Holly <Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk><br />
<br />
Our Academic Coach is Holly Herzberg – [mailto:Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk Holly.Herzberg@wlv.ac.uk]. Please contact Sarah for support with problems which do not have a physics flavour.<br />
<br />
= Lectures =<br />
== Level 3 ==<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/16787 Foundation Year Physics] by Dr. del Valle, Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures) & Elouise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
<br />
== Level 4 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17299 Optics] by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* Mechanics by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne (Lectures & labs) & Eloise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17704 Mathematics for Physicists] by Prof. Fabrice Laussy (Lectures) and Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism I] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) and Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/14620 Quantum mechanics] by Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Lectures) & Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/9395 Scientific computing] by Prof. F.P. Laussy, E. del Valle, A. Nalitov and J. C. {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
<br />
== Level 5 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism II] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) & {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18065 Solid State Physics] by Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
* Mathematical Methods by Dr. Liam Naughton.<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18067 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics], by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18068 Quantum Physics], by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lecture) & Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua (Tutorials).<br />
* Numerical Methods, by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br />
<br />
= Academic calendar =<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:University-of-Wolverhampton---Academic-Calendar-2019.20.png|600px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Timetable =<br />
<br />
[[File:timetable-2019-20-v1.png|750px]]<br />
<br />
= Cohorts =<br />
<br />
Each cohort of Physicists in Wolverhampton gets named after an important physicist who changed his field, despite an off-the-beaten-track academic trajectory, in line with our own objectives and aspirations.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
<gallery heights=200px><br />
File:hanbury-brown.jpg|[[Hanbury Brown cohort]] (2017-2019)|link=[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]<br />
File:Jaynes.jpg|[[Jaynes cohort]]<br> (2018-2021)|link=[[Jaynes cohort]]<br />
File:Mollow.png|[[Mollow cohort]]<br> (2019-2022)|link=[[Mollow cohort]]<br />
</gallery><br />
</center><br />
<br />
Our first generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]''', named after the least conventional, most brilliant and greatest outsider physicist of the 20th century, in line with our seminal Physics course that is making a pioneering journey into a new branch of the University.<br />
<br />
Our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Jaynes cohort]]''', named after the out-of-the-box thinking theorist who challenged the Copenhagen interpretation with his celebrated Jaynes-Cumming model. Also a passionate university teacher, our tribute reminds us of our mission to bring together the best Physics in the classroom and in the literature.<br />
<br />
Our third generation of Wulfrunian Physicists is the '''[[Mollow cohort]]''', named after the maverick theorist who provided the first correct description of resonance fluorescence, i.e., the emission from an atom irradiated coherently at the frequency of its transition. This simple-looking problem is at the heart of quantum optics. The answer is, by the way, a triplet, known as the Mollow triplet.<br />
<br />
= Our Approach =<br />
<br />
Our approach strongly relies on modern pedagogical philosophy, based on active learning. More specifically, we echo at the local scale of our school the structure of science as it unravels at the top level. That is to say, we value notions such as collaborations (peer-teaching), various types of dissemination (oral and written, posters, short presentations), all to be archived as a scientific journal would do of its original content. In particular, we use research-led and research-based teaching, getting up to the standard of professional science right from the beginning and involving elements of ongoing research, to keep our students at the edges of things, at the same time as we bring them there from the very beginning of any standard high education, that is to say, from textbook material and the conventional academic content (Newtonian mechanics, optics, programming languages, etc.) As they explore these classics, the students apply research methods of self-examination, critical queries, actively working with the topics, rather than undertaking a passive exposure and working out exercises that usually consists in repeating a particular case. In the peer-teaching approach, students critically evaluate each other's works. All these approaches, always in some dose along others, are monitored to contribute to the state of the art of pedagogical research in physics education.<br />
<br />
The syllabus of the overall course reads as follow. You can find more course-specific content on [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/ Canvas] (you need to complete your module registration on [https://smsweb.wlv.ac.uk/urd/sits.urd/run/siw_lgn e:Vision] to access them).<br />
<br />
= Zeroth Year (Level 3) =<br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Physics (Foundation Year 3AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is the science of understanding, interpreting and engineering the physical universe. To do so, it relies on a broad set of other disciplines: from pure mathematics which describes fundamental physical laws - to experimental physics, providing both tests of the theory and further insights by systematic explorations or merely trials and errors. This module will first establish the foundations of the discipline, including scientific notations, physical units and dimensional analysis and a survey of mathematical representations of the physical world. It will then introduce the various tools, methods and ways of thinking of a physicist through a combined in-class/laboratory investigation of two of the key notions of physics, namely, oscillations and waves, and forces and energies. These will be illustrated from their manifestation in a range of disciplines, including optics, mechanics and electromagnetism. The emphasis will be on the phenomenology rather than on abstract and sophisticated models. The course is a good introduction to important notions used throughout the scientific spectrum and will provide adequate preparation for more in-depth studies, including for the BSc (Hons) Applied Physics.<br />
<br />
= First Year (Level 4) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
<br />
=== Optics (4AP001)===<br />
<br />
Optics is the Science of light. As our most privileged human contact with the surrounding world is through the eye, optics has always been a central topic in our description of the observable universe. Light is also one of the key technological resources with practical applications found in a variety of technologies and everyday objects, including mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, lasers and fibre optics. Because light is a particular type of electromagnetic waves (with frequencies close to those visible to the naked eye), optical phenomena are just a branch of classical electromagnetism. The full theory is so large however and this particular type is so important that it comes as topic of its own. The module will study two aspects of light: as rays (geometrical optics) and as waves (physical optics). The emphasis will be on geometrical optics with detailed study of optical instrumentation and their applications (magnifiers, cameras, microscope and telescopes, including human vision) in both the classroom and through laboratory sessions. The most important notions of physical optics that provide a more general framework to optical phenomena and prepare more advanced applications, such as interferometry, polarization and diffractive-optics, will be studied at a more introductory level. The module will also survey some advanced notions of photonics in the modern applications of light: the use of lasers, optical detectors, waveguides, fibers and devices for imaging, display and storage, to complete this first outlook on light.<br />
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<center>[[File:interferometer.jpg|350px|One of our interferometers, to study Michelson interferences.]]</center><br />
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=== Mathematics (4MM011) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is an exact science and is articulated, even in its most applied and experimental aspects, through mathematics of various types and levels. Mathematics will therefore be a topic that will be studied in all years of the BSc (Hons) Physics course, to develop skills to enter employment fully armed with modern mathematical and numerical methods. The first year will refresh previous knowledge, in particular of calculus (of real and complex numbers), and move on from there to introduce basic real analysis (functions of one variable, trigonometry) assuring a working knowledge of integration and derivation. The bulk of the module will be on i) the theory of ordinary differential equations and ii) linear algebra. Both will be studied with practical considerations in mind but algebra will also be introduced as the study of abstract mathematical structures, with the study of sets, groups and vector spaces. The emphasis will remain on vector calculus and computation with matrices and tensors. Finally, rudimentary notions of probability will be studied, with statistics being covered in laboratory sessions. The module will conclude by introducing functions of several variables & their partial derivatives, to be revisited again on next year.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:markov-chain.png|300px|A matrix equation (for Markov chains)]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mechanics (4MM012) ===<br />
<br />
Mechanics is the epitome of physics: it describes and explains the behaviour of physical objects around us, from falling apples to orbiting planets. The first great achievement of Physics as a Science was Newton's understanding that the same laws describe both. The wide range of physical phenomena that can be explained from the laws of classical mechanics makes it a pillar of virtually all other scientific fields. This makes this topic one of the oldest and largest subjects in science, engineering and technology. The module will concentrate on Newtonian mechanics as an introduction to the methods and thinking of a physicist. It will also expand on this classical material to introduce more advanced ideas and concepts of Mechanics, including fluid mechanics, applied mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics. The other branch of mechanics, quantum mechanics, will be studied in a different module. The module will thus focus on the study of the motion of classical bodies and teach how to calculate in various reference frames their position, velocity and acceleration as a function of time under the action of applied forces, with applications to projectiles, astronomical bodies and macroscopic rigid bodies. Important concepts such as conservation laws and symmetry are introduced and studied in a plethora of variations. The dynamics of oscillators, in particular the harmonic oscillator, will be studied in great detail, with emphasis of how various terms in the equation correspond to various scenarios describing a physical object, with basic concepts such as driving and dissipation. The value and interest of exact (closed-form) solutions as compared to approximations will be highlighted.<br />
<br />
Laboratory sessions will be conducted to develop a firm grasp of Physics as an experimental and applied science, focusing on fundamentals such as the study of pendulums and springs, and reproducing pioneering experiments such as the free-falling objects of Galileo. Along with a traditional pen-and-paper approach, an introduction to fully automatised, computer-assisted modern laboratories will be given through a dynamic wireless smart-cart system.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:mini-launcher.jpg|250px|One of our mini launchers, to study the dynamics of falling bodies.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2==<br />
<br />
=== Quantum Mechanics (4AP003)===<br />
<br />
Quantum mechanics describes objects at small scales and low energies. Since our technology relies heavily on miniaturisation, quantum effects become increasingly important in the applied and engineering branches of physics. Every field of physics has its "quantum counterpart". Furthermore, quantum physics is so counter-intuitive that it makes a complete break with so-called "classical physics", even though the latter includes modern developments such as relativity that revolutionised our understanding of the nature of time and space. Being familiar with quantum concepts is not only important from the scientific viewpoint but also from cultural and philosophical point of views: from the quantum Zeno effect to Schrödinger's cat. Quantum physics is so pivotal in modern physics that some aspects of it will be studied in at all three levels of study in the BSc (Hons) Physics course.<br />
<br />
This level 4 module will introduce the problems with classical physics and the need for a paradigm change, how this was made through the concept of a wavefunction and its associated Schrödinger equation. Solving the latter on elementary cases with time-independent Hamiltonian will allow to delve into the interpretation and meaning of the theory. Its axiomatic formulation in an Hilbert space will introduce the formal and abstract aspects. The concept of quantum correlations will be introduced and contrasted to classical physics, with an introduction to the concepts leading to Bell's inequalities. Special emphasis will be given to applications of quantum physics and how it promises another technology revolution for the coming decades. The module will conclude on the two-body problem in quantum mechanics, introducing the notion of bosons and fermions.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:wavefunction.png|350px|The quantum wavefunction.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electromagnetism 1 (4AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is a Science of "unification", striving to find general fundamental principles that explain the largest possible extent of observed phenomena with the simplest set of physical laws. In this respect, electromagnetism is the standard theory that led to the unification of two important branches of physics: electricity and magnetism. Its further extension led to the "standard model" of particle physics. This level 4 module will bring us toward the culmination of the theory, namely Maxwell's equations, through preparatory study of vector calculus and in-depth separate analyses of the electric and magnetic fields. This will create familiarity with the respective phenomenology that are of considerable importance for the subject of applied physics. These phenomenon fall under the denomination of electrostatic (the science of electric charges) and magnetostatic (the science of magnets). Special emphasis will be given to electronic circuits as an applied illustration of important concepts of electrodynamics, and to support the laboratory sessions that will focus on these aspects.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:electrostatics.png|350px|One of our electrostatic kit, including a giant capacitor and Faraday ice pail.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Scientific Computing (4AP006)===<br />
<br />
With the advent and generalisation of computers, Science has taken a new turn. It is now possible to make breakthrough discoveries or reach record-breaking calculations with a standard home computer. Whilst this influences all of the Sciences, Physics is particularly affected since a physical problem is often reduced to solving an equation, which can usually be done numerically. The unique skillsets of Physicists in adapting computer resources to the wide variety of their problems make them highly sought in numerous areas extraneous to their speciality, such as in finance and banking, where they have proven to be the most versatile, resourceful and able users of computer simulations. Since numerical methods are a considerable resource, that will prove useful whatever the future occupation of any physicist will be, the topic will be studied throughout the course. <br />
<br />
This module will first introduce the use of computer resources in networking systems. The unix/linux-based scientific computing environment will be introduced for its scripting features, data processing tools as well as for the standard scientific document typesetting system (LaTeX). This environment will contribute to applications for the Enterprise and Employability Award through content-based rather than look-focused approach in setting up a resume, motivation letter and writting an application, and later for the preparation of Research-level scientific reports for the laboratory experiments. <br />
The module will then introduce basic algorithms and teach elementary numerical methods such as solving sets of linear equations, methods of interpolation, finding roots of nonlinear equations, evaluating integrals and will introduce direct methods for solving ordinary differential equations. The modules will be intensively based on laboratory sessions and practical work and will also teach the necessary programming skills. To endow the student with modern and powerful tools, the course will be taught in the Python programming language, which is a high-level language fairly easy to learn and affording great code readability. This will form a good starting point for development of other programming languages that will be needed on the professional market (where Python is also highly sought). It allows for interacting programming through ipython and Jupyter that is of great pedagogical value. All of these resources are open sources so students can study and apply their knowledge outside of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:ipynb_flat.png|350px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Second Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Electromagnetism 2 (5AP001)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the material studied in the 4AP004-Electromagnetism I, which concluded with the presentation of Maxwell's equations, brought together by separate studies of electric and magnetic phenomena. This level 5 module combines the equations, adding the one final piece brought by Maxwell, and show how this complete description of the time-and-space varying electromagnetic field opens a whole new realm of physical phenomena and applications. The module will show in particular how light emerges out of the equations and, remarkably, how the speed of light in a vacuum arises as a universal constant that is dependent only on the electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space. It will study light's propagation subsequent to its radiation by a source, a problem known as "electrodynamics". The study of light's interaction with matter will allow to revisit one's knowledge of optics from a more fundamental point of view and better appreciate the hierarchy of the subfields of physics. Intensive laboratory sessions will provide insights through a variety of microwave experiments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:microwave-setup.png|350px|One of our kits to explore microwaves.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Solid State Physics (5AP002)===<br />
<br />
Solid state physics is an introduction to condensed matter physics, within which you will study the particular topic of widest interest: that of rigid matter. This topic is both better understood and of greatest practical use for technology and industry, the bulk of which relies on a particular types of solids—semiconductors—that provide the bulk material for electronic devices. Solid state physics considers how large-scale properties of solids arise from fundamental phenomena taking place in crystalline ordering of densely packed atoms. It is a rich and fruitful field that illustrates how simple ideas lead to extremely complex behaviours when involving many-body physics. It also brings together various subfields of physics, from classical to quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistics, to this playground and considers how various phenomena have different origins or, in contrast, stem from a combination of several disciplines. This develops the ability to explain something out of a simple model. Solid state physics focuses on the mechanical (e.g., hardness and elasticity), thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of crystals. This module will describe all these aspects in details with a joint theoretical description in class and laboratory experimentation, contrasting different types of solids as probed through these various characteristics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:diamagnetism.png|300px|Diamagnetism.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematical Methods (5AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will strengthen the mathematical apparatus required to support the increasing knowledge and depth of description of the physical phenomena, now extending to functions of several variables and their associated partial differential equations. Calculus of vector field will also be covered in parallel through the Electromagnism II module. Complex analysis will extend calculus to the case of complex functions of complex variables, showing the stronger notion of derivatives through the CauchyRiemann's theorem and the notion of analycity. The module will then starts a paradigm shift towards providing the "Mathematical Methods" which are useful in physics, that consist of specialized techniques and tools from a given Mathematical discipline, that the physicist does not usually need to know in its entirety. Finally, the study of dynamical systems will be studied with some emphasis on applications for Physics (bistability and hysteresis of nonlinear oscillators, laser thresholds, Liénard systems, relaxation oscillations, etc.) <br />
<br />
<center>[[File:duffing-attractor.png|300px|The Duffing attractor, an example of a dynamical system.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics (5AP004) ===<br />
<br />
The unit to measure the "number of things", the mole, is unfathomably large, of the order of $10^{23}$ objects. In such conditions, describing a mole of, say, a gas, seems a daunting task, given the sheer amount of underlying constituents that interact between each other. It is one insight of thermodynamics and statistical physics that such complex objects can however be described, essentially completely and exactly with only a few variables. In fact, the larger the number of objects, the more accurate the description. An important illustration is the case of thermodynamics, the science of heat-flow and its relation to work, that is such a macroscopic consequence of statistical (and quantum) mechanics. An understanding of thermal physics is crucial, not only to modern physics, but also to chemistry, biology, computer science and, of course, several subfields of engineering. The module introduces key notions of statistical mechanics, with a strong emphasis on thermodynamics, but surveying also the other fields of interest for Physics, namely, solid state physics, optics and also complex systems.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:blackbody-radiation.png|350px|Our setup to measure blackbody radiation.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Quantum Physics (5AP005) ===<br />
<br />
This level 5 module on quantum mechanics will first extend the theory to a three-dimensional setting, taking advantage of a now better familiarity with more advanced mathematical tools, and then turn to applications of the theory to various cases and concepts of applied interest, including the description of the fundamental, and most common, atom in the universe: hydrogen. It will be shown how quantum mechanics explains the empirically observed spectroscopic lines of this and other chemical compounds. The physics of spin will be studied in detail, considering problems such as the dynamics of an electron in a magnetic field, already studied in the electromagnetism modules, being revisited here by the quantum theory. The addition of angular momenta will provide an opportunity to play with quantum algebra and see how quantum numbers behave in an unfamiliar fashion that requires much practice to be acquainted with. Useful and important computational techniques will be studied, such as perturbation theory, to provide a finer description of the hydrogen atom, or the variational principle, to study the molecule of Helium. Other techniques, such as the WKB approximation, adiabatic approximation, etc., will prepare the student for advanced use of the quantum theory in the description and understanding of the most contemporary systems and problems of modern physics, to be fully unravelled at level 6.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:sphericalharmonics.jpg|420px|Spherical harmonics describing the hydrogen atom.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Numerical Methods (5AP006)===<br />
<br />
This module will, in line with the expertise now acquired in the other disciplines of Physics, provide the tools to solve numerical problems that are time-dependent, in particular those involving fields. Concrete problems that arise from other modules, such as solving the heat equation in nontrivial geometries, computing a flow with various models and approximations, propagating a complex wavefunction or solving Maxwell equations, will be brought to the computer and studied there numerically, with emphasis on notions such as stability and convergence. This module will also provide a first experience with research-type problems involving the student's own analysis and judgement, to direct the most promising directions for further exploration.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:numerical-methods-level5.png|350px|Comparisons of various numerical methods.]]</center><br />
<br />
= Optional Third Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Sandwich Placement (5AP008) ==<br />
<br />
You have the opportunity to make a sandwich placement, somewhere in industry, a corporation, R&D center, hospital (medical Physics) or basically any place where you will be able to exercise your Physics skills and acquire new tricks, develop your network of contacts and prepare yourself a great future on the job market. This is optional. If you go through this route, you'll graduate after Level 6 on the fourth year.<br />
<br />
= Third Year (Level 6) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Modern Physics (6AP010) ===<br />
<br />
Modern Physics refers to the branches of physics that developed in the 20th century and beyond, extending the classical topics of mechanics and electromagnetism to the extreme conditions of very small sizes and/or high energies. The first breakup with classical physics was Einstein's theory of special relativity, that gave a new meaning to space and time. A first chapter of the module studies this pillar of modern physics, culminating with relativistic kinematics. The other breakup, that came with quantum theory, was so widespread and far-reaching that its material is studied independently in previous models of the course (quantum mechanics and quantum physics). This module focuses instead on its recent developments for the theory of information and towards technological applications. A success of modern physics is to describe all known particles in a unified, so-called standard model, that is overviewed at a phenomenological level, from elementary particles up to the nuclear model, presenting the two remaining forces of nature (weak and strong forces). A final chapter on general relativity, and how the curvature of spacetime describes gravitation, with some applications for cosmology, concludes this succinct picture of modern Physics. The module will allow students to get a good grip of the modern landscape of Physics as well as to be armed towards pursuing specialized Physics topics at a Master level in a broad variety of topics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:black-hole.png|275px|First observation of a black hole.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Computational Physics (6AP002)===<br />
<br />
The mathematical and computational aspects of physics will be brought together in a single module to provide the tools required for the student to develop their own capacity in identifying and solving problems. Topics in Mathematics will include Fourier and Laplace analysis, variational calculus, Green functions, and Optimization. More computer-oriented topics will introduce students to the field that sits at the boundary of Physics and Mathematics and Computer Science and that emerges as a discipline of its own: known as "numerical experiments" (or "simulation experiment"). Topics in this subject will include Monte Carlo methods, theory of algorithms and some notion of complexity and information theory, as well as an introduction to parallel and distributed programming. Emphasis will be given to computational analysis of the systems studied in Condensed Matter physics module (6AP001).<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:g2-monte-carlos.png|350px|A result of a computer experiment with photo-detection and its fit to theory.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 1 (6AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will prepare the level 6 student to undertake, under supervision, autonomous work in a University environment to produce original research. This will aid future employability, opening up the possibility to apply for a masters course or to join the most dynamic areas of the employment market place. This module will bring together all the skills developed and perfected up till now, including literature review, rapid understanding and distilling of considerable amounts of complex information, as well as a capacity to identify the required tools to tackle a problem. This first-semester module will present students with a set of problems, with various levels of laboratory, computer, and theory-based content (in most cases with a blend of all these). These problems will be discussed with a personal research-active tutor, so as to agree on a topic of mutual interest and the direction to explore. In this first stage, students will undertake a literature review and produce a scientific poster and written reports relating to research undertaken. The poster will be presented to the rest of the Physics students (including level 4 & 5 students), who will provide feedback and comments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:Quiet-zone-400x296.jpg|300px|A popular place with Researchers.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
=== Condensed Matter Physics (6AP001) ===<br />
<br />
Condensed matter physics describes the wide variety of condensed phases of matter, including, but not limited to, the most familiar forms that are the liquid and solid states, whose dedicated study makes a topic of its own. Indeed, condensed matter extends to more exotic phases such as glasses, liquid crystals, quasi-crystals, plasmas, (anti)ferromagnets or non-Newtonian fluids (that change their viscosity or flow behaviour under stress), to name a few. Condensed matter also describes fundamental states of matter ruled by quantum phenomena, including Bose-Einstein condensates, superconductors that conduct electricity without losses, and superfluids that flow without resistance. As such, condensed matter relies extensively on a combination of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics. It is an advanced topic that requires a firm understanding of all these disciplines, that, when brought together, give rise to the emergence of new concepts, following Anderson's credo: "More is different". The module will cover such important modern notions of contemporary physics, including broken symmetries, order parameters and topology.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:giant-magnetoresistance.png|350px|Measurement of giant magnetoresistance.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electrodynamics (6AP012) ===<br />
<br />
Electrodynamics is the science of the interaction between light and matter. This module brings together all the ingredients studied in details throughout the course, to give the final picture of how objects interact at the most fundamental level. The material starts in the wake of Electromagnetism II with radiation theory, or how accelerating charges produce electromagnetic fields. Then the classical theory of Maxwell equations is revisited from the point of view of special relativity, showing how the magnetic field emerges as a relativistic effect. In the second part of the module, we turn to the quantization of the electromagnetic field and its interaction with matter. We first complete the picture of the hydrogen atom from the Quantum Physics module, by studying its hyperfine structure and spontaneous emission. We then overview both the low and high-energy regimes of electrodynamics, with Dirac's equation for the electron and the Feynman diagrammatic rules on the one hand, and a study of the basic models of light-matter interactions that are resonance fluorescence, Rabi oscillations and the Jaynes-Cummings model, on the other hand.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photoelectric.png|350px|One of our setup to detect single photons.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 2 (6AP009)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the "Research 1" module (6AP003), engaging students in active research related to an identified problem. A weekly meeting will bring together the student and their personal research-active tutor, and/or the rest of the class, to describe progress, ideas, problems and difficulties and, if applicable, results. At the end of the module, the student will provide i) a 15 minutes oral presentation in conference style, in front of a panel of referees who will ask questions on the research results, and a ii) written report in the form and style of a research article. In case of valuable results in a nontrivial problem, the latter will be submitted for publication and evaluated by research peers beyond the walls of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:prl-2017.png|300px|The portal of Phys. Rev. Lett.]]</center></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_BSc&diff=1224Physics BSc2019-10-30T11:43:08Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Teaching Staff */</p>
<hr />
<div>:''All science is either Physics or stamp collecting.'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford Ernest Rutherford].<br />
<br />
We are studying the Universe in Wolverhampton, at all the levels. It starts with our B.Sc Physics course, where we learn about Mechanics&mdash;both classical and quantum&mdash;optics and the language of the firmament: Mathematics. We then proceed to the most beautiful equations, that of Maxwell, that describe light, tame computers and carry on to understand everything else, from the physics of a superconductor to black holes. This page will give you a short overview of the main features of our course. While most of the fastly moving, dynamically changing things happen in Canvas on a lecture per lecture basis, this webspace hosts the slower action that takes place at the deeper level, involving all the courses together. You should be pointed to it whenever your visit will be needed, but feel free to come back any time to consult any item of interest or see if things happen unnoticed.<br />
<br />
Useful links:<br />
<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/Academic_Calendar_2018-19.pdf Academic calendar 2018-19].<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/ Timetables for modules] (or directly to [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/module_1.asp?previous=0 the modules]).<br />
* [https://www.wlv.ac.uk/current-students/examinations--timetabling-/university-rooms/ Rooms].<br />
<br />
= Teaching Staff =<br />
<br />
Prof. [[Fabrice|Fabrice Laussy]] is the Director of Studies for Physics at the University, with responsibility for the success and well-being of all the enrolled students. Dr. [[Elena|Del Valle]] and [[Anton|Nalitov]] are lecturers of Quantum Optics and Condensed-Matter, respectively. Dr. [[Andrew|Gascoyne]] is a Lecturer of Mathematics. J. [[Camilo|{{lopezcarreno}}]] is teaching assistant.<br />
<br />
<gallery perrow=3><br />
File:picture-fabrice.jpeg|Prof. Dr. Fabrice Laussy.<br>[https://goo.gl/yYRqJK web] - [mailto:fabrice.laussy@gmail.com mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2270'''<br><small>Mathematics for Physics<br>Quantum Physics</small><br />
File:Elena-del-Valle-2019.jpg|Dr. Elena del Valle.<br> - [mailto:e.delvalle@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2458'''<br><small>Electromagnetism I<br>Electromagnetism II<br>Foundation Year</small><br />
File:AntonNalitov.jpg|Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br> - [mailto:A.Nalitov@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''1178'''<br><small>Optics<br>Thermal Physics</small><br />
File:Gascoyne_profile_photo2.jpg|Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br>[https://goo.gl/hFf752 web] - [mailto:A.D.Gascoyne@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 51'''8576'''<br><small>Mechanics<br>Scientific computing<br>Numerical Methods</small><br />
File:camilo-portrait-squared.jpg|Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}<br>[https://tinyurl.com/y5tlysgh web] - [mailto:J.LopezCarreno@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2187'''<br><small>Solid State<br>Quantum Mechanics</small><br />
File:SanaKhalid.jpeg|Sana Khalid<br>- [mailto:S.Khalid@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br><small>Mathematics<br>Quantum Mechanics</small> <br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
Our Academic Coach is Sarah Zacharek – [mailto:sarah.zacharek@wlv.ac.uk sarah.zacharek@wlv.ac.uk]. Please contact Sarah for support with problems which do not have a physics flavour.<br />
<br />
= Lectures =<br />
== Level 3 ==<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/16787 Foundation Year Physics] by Dr. del Valle, Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures) & Elouise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
<br />
== Level 4 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17299 Optics] by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* Mechanics by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne (Lectures & labs) & Eloise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17704 Mathematics for Physicists] by Prof. Fabrice Laussy (Lectures) and Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism I] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) and Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/14620 Quantum mechanics] by Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Lectures) & Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/9395 Scientific computing] by Prof. F.P. Laussy, E. del Valle, A. Nalitov and J. C. {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
<br />
== Level 5 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism II] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) & {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18065 Solid State Physics] by Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
* Mathematical Methods by Dr. Liam Naughton.<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18067 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics], by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18068 Quantum Physics], by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lecture) & Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua (Tutorials).<br />
* Numerical Methods, by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br />
<br />
= Academic calendar =<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:University-of-Wolverhampton---Academic-Calendar-2019.20.png|600px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Timetable =<br />
<br />
[[File:timetable-2019-20-v1.png|750px]]<br />
<br />
= Cohorts =<br />
<br />
Each cohort of Physicists in Wolverhampton gets named after an important physicist who changed his field, despite an off-the-beaten-track academic trajectory, in line with our own objectives and aspirations.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
<gallery heights=200px><br />
File:hanbury-brown.jpg|[[Hanbury Brown cohort]] (2017-2019)|link=[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]<br />
File:Jaynes.jpg|[[Jaynes cohort]]<br> (2018-2021)|link=[[Jaynes cohort]]<br />
File:Mollow.png|[[Mollow cohort]]<br> (2019-2022)|link=[[Mollow cohort]]<br />
</gallery><br />
</center><br />
<br />
Our first generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]''', named after the least conventional, most brilliant and greatest outsider physicist of the 20th century, in line with our seminal Physics course that is making a pioneering journey into a new branch of the University.<br />
<br />
Our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Jaynes cohort]]''', named after the out-of-the-box thinking theorist who challenged the Copenhagen interpretation with his celebrated Jaynes-Cumming model. Also a passionate university teacher, our tribute reminds us of our mission to bring together the best Physics in the classroom and in the literature.<br />
<br />
Our third generation of Wulfrunian Physicists is the '''[[Mollow cohort]]''', named after the maverick theorist who provided the first correct description of resonance fluorescence, i.e., the emission from an atom irradiated coherently at the frequency of its transition. This simple-looking problem is at the heart of quantum optics. The answer is, by the way, a triplet, known as the Mollow triplet.<br />
<br />
= Our Approach =<br />
<br />
Our approach strongly relies on modern pedagogical philosophy, based on active learning. More specifically, we echo at the local scale of our school the structure of science as it unravels at the top level. That is to say, we value notions such as collaborations (peer-teaching), various types of dissemination (oral and written, posters, short presentations), all to be archived as a scientific journal would do of its original content. In particular, we use research-led and research-based teaching, getting up to the standard of professional science right from the beginning and involving elements of ongoing research, to keep our students at the edges of things, at the same time as we bring them there from the very beginning of any standard high education, that is to say, from textbook material and the conventional academic content (Newtonian mechanics, optics, programming languages, etc.) As they explore these classics, the students apply research methods of self-examination, critical queries, actively working with the topics, rather than undertaking a passive exposure and working out exercises that usually consists in repeating a particular case. In the peer-teaching approach, students critically evaluate each other's works. All these approaches, always in some dose along others, are monitored to contribute to the state of the art of pedagogical research in physics education.<br />
<br />
The syllabus of the overall course reads as follow. You can find more course-specific content on [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/ Canvas] (you need to complete your module registration on [https://smsweb.wlv.ac.uk/urd/sits.urd/run/siw_lgn e:Vision] to access them).<br />
<br />
= Zeroth Year (Level 3) =<br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Physics (Foundation Year 3AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is the science of understanding, interpreting and engineering the physical universe. To do so, it relies on a broad set of other disciplines: from pure mathematics which describes fundamental physical laws - to experimental physics, providing both tests of the theory and further insights by systematic explorations or merely trials and errors. This module will first establish the foundations of the discipline, including scientific notations, physical units and dimensional analysis and a survey of mathematical representations of the physical world. It will then introduce the various tools, methods and ways of thinking of a physicist through a combined in-class/laboratory investigation of two of the key notions of physics, namely, oscillations and waves, and forces and energies. These will be illustrated from their manifestation in a range of disciplines, including optics, mechanics and electromagnetism. The emphasis will be on the phenomenology rather than on abstract and sophisticated models. The course is a good introduction to important notions used throughout the scientific spectrum and will provide adequate preparation for more in-depth studies, including for the BSc (Hons) Applied Physics.<br />
<br />
= First Year (Level 4) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
<br />
=== Optics (4AP001)===<br />
<br />
Optics is the Science of light. As our most privileged human contact with the surrounding world is through the eye, optics has always been a central topic in our description of the observable universe. Light is also one of the key technological resources with practical applications found in a variety of technologies and everyday objects, including mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, lasers and fibre optics. Because light is a particular type of electromagnetic waves (with frequencies close to those visible to the naked eye), optical phenomena are just a branch of classical electromagnetism. The full theory is so large however and this particular type is so important that it comes as topic of its own. The module will study two aspects of light: as rays (geometrical optics) and as waves (physical optics). The emphasis will be on geometrical optics with detailed study of optical instrumentation and their applications (magnifiers, cameras, microscope and telescopes, including human vision) in both the classroom and through laboratory sessions. The most important notions of physical optics that provide a more general framework to optical phenomena and prepare more advanced applications, such as interferometry, polarization and diffractive-optics, will be studied at a more introductory level. The module will also survey some advanced notions of photonics in the modern applications of light: the use of lasers, optical detectors, waveguides, fibers and devices for imaging, display and storage, to complete this first outlook on light.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:interferometer.jpg|350px|One of our interferometers, to study Michelson interferences.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematics (4MM011) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is an exact science and is articulated, even in its most applied and experimental aspects, through mathematics of various types and levels. Mathematics will therefore be a topic that will be studied in all years of the BSc (Hons) Physics course, to develop skills to enter employment fully armed with modern mathematical and numerical methods. The first year will refresh previous knowledge, in particular of calculus (of real and complex numbers), and move on from there to introduce basic real analysis (functions of one variable, trigonometry) assuring a working knowledge of integration and derivation. The bulk of the module will be on i) the theory of ordinary differential equations and ii) linear algebra. Both will be studied with practical considerations in mind but algebra will also be introduced as the study of abstract mathematical structures, with the study of sets, groups and vector spaces. The emphasis will remain on vector calculus and computation with matrices and tensors. Finally, rudimentary notions of probability will be studied, with statistics being covered in laboratory sessions. The module will conclude by introducing functions of several variables & their partial derivatives, to be revisited again on next year.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:markov-chain.png|300px|A matrix equation (for Markov chains)]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mechanics (4MM012) ===<br />
<br />
Mechanics is the epitome of physics: it describes and explains the behaviour of physical objects around us, from falling apples to orbiting planets. The first great achievement of Physics as a Science was Newton's understanding that the same laws describe both. The wide range of physical phenomena that can be explained from the laws of classical mechanics makes it a pillar of virtually all other scientific fields. This makes this topic one of the oldest and largest subjects in science, engineering and technology. The module will concentrate on Newtonian mechanics as an introduction to the methods and thinking of a physicist. It will also expand on this classical material to introduce more advanced ideas and concepts of Mechanics, including fluid mechanics, applied mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics. The other branch of mechanics, quantum mechanics, will be studied in a different module. The module will thus focus on the study of the motion of classical bodies and teach how to calculate in various reference frames their position, velocity and acceleration as a function of time under the action of applied forces, with applications to projectiles, astronomical bodies and macroscopic rigid bodies. Important concepts such as conservation laws and symmetry are introduced and studied in a plethora of variations. The dynamics of oscillators, in particular the harmonic oscillator, will be studied in great detail, with emphasis of how various terms in the equation correspond to various scenarios describing a physical object, with basic concepts such as driving and dissipation. The value and interest of exact (closed-form) solutions as compared to approximations will be highlighted.<br />
<br />
Laboratory sessions will be conducted to develop a firm grasp of Physics as an experimental and applied science, focusing on fundamentals such as the study of pendulums and springs, and reproducing pioneering experiments such as the free-falling objects of Galileo. Along with a traditional pen-and-paper approach, an introduction to fully automatised, computer-assisted modern laboratories will be given through a dynamic wireless smart-cart system.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:mini-launcher.jpg|250px|One of our mini launchers, to study the dynamics of falling bodies.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2==<br />
<br />
=== Quantum Mechanics (4AP003)===<br />
<br />
Quantum mechanics describes objects at small scales and low energies. Since our technology relies heavily on miniaturisation, quantum effects become increasingly important in the applied and engineering branches of physics. Every field of physics has its "quantum counterpart". Furthermore, quantum physics is so counter-intuitive that it makes a complete break with so-called "classical physics", even though the latter includes modern developments such as relativity that revolutionised our understanding of the nature of time and space. Being familiar with quantum concepts is not only important from the scientific viewpoint but also from cultural and philosophical point of views: from the quantum Zeno effect to Schrödinger's cat. Quantum physics is so pivotal in modern physics that some aspects of it will be studied in at all three levels of study in the BSc (Hons) Physics course.<br />
<br />
This level 4 module will introduce the problems with classical physics and the need for a paradigm change, how this was made through the concept of a wavefunction and its associated Schrödinger equation. Solving the latter on elementary cases with time-independent Hamiltonian will allow to delve into the interpretation and meaning of the theory. Its axiomatic formulation in an Hilbert space will introduce the formal and abstract aspects. The concept of quantum correlations will be introduced and contrasted to classical physics, with an introduction to the concepts leading to Bell's inequalities. Special emphasis will be given to applications of quantum physics and how it promises another technology revolution for the coming decades. The module will conclude on the two-body problem in quantum mechanics, introducing the notion of bosons and fermions.<br />
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<center>[[File:wavefunction.png|350px|The quantum wavefunction.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electromagnetism 1 (4AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is a Science of "unification", striving to find general fundamental principles that explain the largest possible extent of observed phenomena with the simplest set of physical laws. In this respect, electromagnetism is the standard theory that led to the unification of two important branches of physics: electricity and magnetism. Its further extension led to the "standard model" of particle physics. This level 4 module will bring us toward the culmination of the theory, namely Maxwell's equations, through preparatory study of vector calculus and in-depth separate analyses of the electric and magnetic fields. This will create familiarity with the respective phenomenology that are of considerable importance for the subject of applied physics. These phenomenon fall under the denomination of electrostatic (the science of electric charges) and magnetostatic (the science of magnets). Special emphasis will be given to electronic circuits as an applied illustration of important concepts of electrodynamics, and to support the laboratory sessions that will focus on these aspects.<br />
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<center>[[File:electrostatics.png|350px|One of our electrostatic kit, including a giant capacitor and Faraday ice pail.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Scientific Computing (4AP006)===<br />
<br />
With the advent and generalisation of computers, Science has taken a new turn. It is now possible to make breakthrough discoveries or reach record-breaking calculations with a standard home computer. Whilst this influences all of the Sciences, Physics is particularly affected since a physical problem is often reduced to solving an equation, which can usually be done numerically. The unique skillsets of Physicists in adapting computer resources to the wide variety of their problems make them highly sought in numerous areas extraneous to their speciality, such as in finance and banking, where they have proven to be the most versatile, resourceful and able users of computer simulations. Since numerical methods are a considerable resource, that will prove useful whatever the future occupation of any physicist will be, the topic will be studied throughout the course. <br />
<br />
This module will first introduce the use of computer resources in networking systems. The unix/linux-based scientific computing environment will be introduced for its scripting features, data processing tools as well as for the standard scientific document typesetting system (LaTeX). This environment will contribute to applications for the Enterprise and Employability Award through content-based rather than look-focused approach in setting up a resume, motivation letter and writting an application, and later for the preparation of Research-level scientific reports for the laboratory experiments. <br />
The module will then introduce basic algorithms and teach elementary numerical methods such as solving sets of linear equations, methods of interpolation, finding roots of nonlinear equations, evaluating integrals and will introduce direct methods for solving ordinary differential equations. The modules will be intensively based on laboratory sessions and practical work and will also teach the necessary programming skills. To endow the student with modern and powerful tools, the course will be taught in the Python programming language, which is a high-level language fairly easy to learn and affording great code readability. This will form a good starting point for development of other programming languages that will be needed on the professional market (where Python is also highly sought). It allows for interacting programming through ipython and Jupyter that is of great pedagogical value. All of these resources are open sources so students can study and apply their knowledge outside of the university.<br />
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<center>[[File:ipynb_flat.png|350px]]</center><br />
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= Second Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Electromagnetism 2 (5AP001)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the material studied in the 4AP004-Electromagnetism I, which concluded with the presentation of Maxwell's equations, brought together by separate studies of electric and magnetic phenomena. This level 5 module combines the equations, adding the one final piece brought by Maxwell, and show how this complete description of the time-and-space varying electromagnetic field opens a whole new realm of physical phenomena and applications. The module will show in particular how light emerges out of the equations and, remarkably, how the speed of light in a vacuum arises as a universal constant that is dependent only on the electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space. It will study light's propagation subsequent to its radiation by a source, a problem known as "electrodynamics". The study of light's interaction with matter will allow to revisit one's knowledge of optics from a more fundamental point of view and better appreciate the hierarchy of the subfields of physics. Intensive laboratory sessions will provide insights through a variety of microwave experiments.<br />
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<center>[[File:microwave-setup.png|350px|One of our kits to explore microwaves.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Solid State Physics (5AP002)===<br />
<br />
Solid state physics is an introduction to condensed matter physics, within which you will study the particular topic of widest interest: that of rigid matter. This topic is both better understood and of greatest practical use for technology and industry, the bulk of which relies on a particular types of solids—semiconductors—that provide the bulk material for electronic devices. Solid state physics considers how large-scale properties of solids arise from fundamental phenomena taking place in crystalline ordering of densely packed atoms. It is a rich and fruitful field that illustrates how simple ideas lead to extremely complex behaviours when involving many-body physics. It also brings together various subfields of physics, from classical to quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistics, to this playground and considers how various phenomena have different origins or, in contrast, stem from a combination of several disciplines. This develops the ability to explain something out of a simple model. Solid state physics focuses on the mechanical (e.g., hardness and elasticity), thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of crystals. This module will describe all these aspects in details with a joint theoretical description in class and laboratory experimentation, contrasting different types of solids as probed through these various characteristics.<br />
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<center>[[File:diamagnetism.png|300px|Diamagnetism.]]</center><br />
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=== Mathematical Methods (5AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will strengthen the mathematical apparatus required to support the increasing knowledge and depth of description of the physical phenomena, now extending to functions of several variables and their associated partial differential equations. Calculus of vector field will also be covered in parallel through the Electromagnism II module. Complex analysis will extend calculus to the case of complex functions of complex variables, showing the stronger notion of derivatives through the CauchyRiemann's theorem and the notion of analycity. The module will then starts a paradigm shift towards providing the "Mathematical Methods" which are useful in physics, that consist of specialized techniques and tools from a given Mathematical discipline, that the physicist does not usually need to know in its entirety. Finally, the study of dynamical systems will be studied with some emphasis on applications for Physics (bistability and hysteresis of nonlinear oscillators, laser thresholds, Liénard systems, relaxation oscillations, etc.) <br />
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<center>[[File:duffing-attractor.png|300px|The Duffing attractor, an example of a dynamical system.]]</center><br />
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== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics (5AP004) ===<br />
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The unit to measure the "number of things", the mole, is unfathomably large, of the order of $10^{23}$ objects. In such conditions, describing a mole of, say, a gas, seems a daunting task, given the sheer amount of underlying constituents that interact between each other. It is one insight of thermodynamics and statistical physics that such complex objects can however be described, essentially completely and exactly with only a few variables. In fact, the larger the number of objects, the more accurate the description. An important illustration is the case of thermodynamics, the science of heat-flow and its relation to work, that is such a macroscopic consequence of statistical (and quantum) mechanics. An understanding of thermal physics is crucial, not only to modern physics, but also to chemistry, biology, computer science and, of course, several subfields of engineering. The module introduces key notions of statistical mechanics, with a strong emphasis on thermodynamics, but surveying also the other fields of interest for Physics, namely, solid state physics, optics and also complex systems.<br />
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<center>[[File:blackbody-radiation.png|350px|Our setup to measure blackbody radiation.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Quantum Physics (5AP005) ===<br />
<br />
This level 5 module on quantum mechanics will first extend the theory to a three-dimensional setting, taking advantage of a now better familiarity with more advanced mathematical tools, and then turn to applications of the theory to various cases and concepts of applied interest, including the description of the fundamental, and most common, atom in the universe: hydrogen. It will be shown how quantum mechanics explains the empirically observed spectroscopic lines of this and other chemical compounds. The physics of spin will be studied in detail, considering problems such as the dynamics of an electron in a magnetic field, already studied in the electromagnetism modules, being revisited here by the quantum theory. The addition of angular momenta will provide an opportunity to play with quantum algebra and see how quantum numbers behave in an unfamiliar fashion that requires much practice to be acquainted with. Useful and important computational techniques will be studied, such as perturbation theory, to provide a finer description of the hydrogen atom, or the variational principle, to study the molecule of Helium. Other techniques, such as the WKB approximation, adiabatic approximation, etc., will prepare the student for advanced use of the quantum theory in the description and understanding of the most contemporary systems and problems of modern physics, to be fully unravelled at level 6.<br />
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<center>[[File:sphericalharmonics.jpg|420px|Spherical harmonics describing the hydrogen atom.]]</center><br />
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=== Numerical Methods (5AP006)===<br />
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This module will, in line with the expertise now acquired in the other disciplines of Physics, provide the tools to solve numerical problems that are time-dependent, in particular those involving fields. Concrete problems that arise from other modules, such as solving the heat equation in nontrivial geometries, computing a flow with various models and approximations, propagating a complex wavefunction or solving Maxwell equations, will be brought to the computer and studied there numerically, with emphasis on notions such as stability and convergence. This module will also provide a first experience with research-type problems involving the student's own analysis and judgement, to direct the most promising directions for further exploration.<br />
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<center>[[File:numerical-methods-level5.png|350px|Comparisons of various numerical methods.]]</center><br />
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= Optional Third Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Sandwich Placement (5AP008) ==<br />
<br />
You have the opportunity to make a sandwich placement, somewhere in industry, a corporation, R&D center, hospital (medical Physics) or basically any place where you will be able to exercise your Physics skills and acquire new tricks, develop your network of contacts and prepare yourself a great future on the job market. This is optional. If you go through this route, you'll graduate after Level 6 on the fourth year.<br />
<br />
= Third Year (Level 6) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Modern Physics (6AP010) ===<br />
<br />
Modern Physics refers to the branches of physics that developed in the 20th century and beyond, extending the classical topics of mechanics and electromagnetism to the extreme conditions of very small sizes and/or high energies. The first breakup with classical physics was Einstein's theory of special relativity, that gave a new meaning to space and time. A first chapter of the module studies this pillar of modern physics, culminating with relativistic kinematics. The other breakup, that came with quantum theory, was so widespread and far-reaching that its material is studied independently in previous models of the course (quantum mechanics and quantum physics). This module focuses instead on its recent developments for the theory of information and towards technological applications. A success of modern physics is to describe all known particles in a unified, so-called standard model, that is overviewed at a phenomenological level, from elementary particles up to the nuclear model, presenting the two remaining forces of nature (weak and strong forces). A final chapter on general relativity, and how the curvature of spacetime describes gravitation, with some applications for cosmology, concludes this succinct picture of modern Physics. The module will allow students to get a good grip of the modern landscape of Physics as well as to be armed towards pursuing specialized Physics topics at a Master level in a broad variety of topics.<br />
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<center>[[File:black-hole.png|275px|First observation of a black hole.]]</center><br />
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=== Computational Physics (6AP002)===<br />
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The mathematical and computational aspects of physics will be brought together in a single module to provide the tools required for the student to develop their own capacity in identifying and solving problems. Topics in Mathematics will include Fourier and Laplace analysis, variational calculus, Green functions, and Optimization. More computer-oriented topics will introduce students to the field that sits at the boundary of Physics and Mathematics and Computer Science and that emerges as a discipline of its own: known as "numerical experiments" (or "simulation experiment"). Topics in this subject will include Monte Carlo methods, theory of algorithms and some notion of complexity and information theory, as well as an introduction to parallel and distributed programming. Emphasis will be given to computational analysis of the systems studied in Condensed Matter physics module (6AP001).<br />
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<center>[[File:g2-monte-carlos.png|350px|A result of a computer experiment with photo-detection and its fit to theory.]]</center><br />
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=== Research 1 (6AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will prepare the level 6 student to undertake, under supervision, autonomous work in a University environment to produce original research. This will aid future employability, opening up the possibility to apply for a masters course or to join the most dynamic areas of the employment market place. This module will bring together all the skills developed and perfected up till now, including literature review, rapid understanding and distilling of considerable amounts of complex information, as well as a capacity to identify the required tools to tackle a problem. This first-semester module will present students with a set of problems, with various levels of laboratory, computer, and theory-based content (in most cases with a blend of all these). These problems will be discussed with a personal research-active tutor, so as to agree on a topic of mutual interest and the direction to explore. In this first stage, students will undertake a literature review and produce a scientific poster and written reports relating to research undertaken. The poster will be presented to the rest of the Physics students (including level 4 & 5 students), who will provide feedback and comments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:Quiet-zone-400x296.jpg|300px|A popular place with Researchers.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
=== Condensed Matter Physics (6AP001) ===<br />
<br />
Condensed matter physics describes the wide variety of condensed phases of matter, including, but not limited to, the most familiar forms that are the liquid and solid states, whose dedicated study makes a topic of its own. Indeed, condensed matter extends to more exotic phases such as glasses, liquid crystals, quasi-crystals, plasmas, (anti)ferromagnets or non-Newtonian fluids (that change their viscosity or flow behaviour under stress), to name a few. Condensed matter also describes fundamental states of matter ruled by quantum phenomena, including Bose-Einstein condensates, superconductors that conduct electricity without losses, and superfluids that flow without resistance. As such, condensed matter relies extensively on a combination of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics. It is an advanced topic that requires a firm understanding of all these disciplines, that, when brought together, give rise to the emergence of new concepts, following Anderson's credo: "More is different". The module will cover such important modern notions of contemporary physics, including broken symmetries, order parameters and topology.<br />
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<center>[[File:giant-magnetoresistance.png|350px|Measurement of giant magnetoresistance.]]</center><br />
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=== Electrodynamics (6AP012) ===<br />
<br />
Electrodynamics is the science of the interaction between light and matter. This module brings together all the ingredients studied in details throughout the course, to give the final picture of how objects interact at the most fundamental level. The material starts in the wake of Electromagnetism II with radiation theory, or how accelerating charges produce electromagnetic fields. Then the classical theory of Maxwell equations is revisited from the point of view of special relativity, showing how the magnetic field emerges as a relativistic effect. In the second part of the module, we turn to the quantization of the electromagnetic field and its interaction with matter. We first complete the picture of the hydrogen atom from the Quantum Physics module, by studying its hyperfine structure and spontaneous emission. We then overview both the low and high-energy regimes of electrodynamics, with Dirac's equation for the electron and the Feynman diagrammatic rules on the one hand, and a study of the basic models of light-matter interactions that are resonance fluorescence, Rabi oscillations and the Jaynes-Cummings model, on the other hand.<br />
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<center>[[File:photoelectric.png|350px|One of our setup to detect single photons.]]</center><br />
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=== Research 2 (6AP009)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the "Research 1" module (6AP003), engaging students in active research related to an identified problem. A weekly meeting will bring together the student and their personal research-active tutor, and/or the rest of the class, to describe progress, ideas, problems and difficulties and, if applicable, results. At the end of the module, the student will provide i) a 15 minutes oral presentation in conference style, in front of a panel of referees who will ask questions on the research results, and a ii) written report in the form and style of a research article. In case of valuable results in a nontrivial problem, the latter will be submitted for publication and evaluated by research peers beyond the walls of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:prl-2017.png|300px|The portal of Phys. Rev. Lett.]]</center></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_BSc&diff=1219Physics BSc2019-10-29T16:15:13Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Timetable */</p>
<hr />
<div>:''All science is either Physics or stamp collecting.'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford Ernest Rutherford].<br />
<br />
We are studying the Universe in Wolverhampton, at all the levels. It starts with our B.Sc Physics course, where we learn about Mechanics&mdash;both classical and quantum&mdash;optics and the language of the firmament: Mathematics. We then proceed to the most beautiful equations, that of Maxwell, that describe light, tame computers and carry on to understand everything else, from the physics of a superconductor to black holes. This page will give you a short overview of the main features of our course. While most of the fastly moving, dynamically changing things happen in Canvas on a lecture per lecture basis, this webspace hosts the slower action that takes place at the deeper level, involving all the courses together. You should be pointed to it whenever your visit will be needed, but feel free to come back any time to consult any item of interest or see if things happen unnoticed.<br />
<br />
Useful links:<br />
<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/Academic_Calendar_2018-19.pdf Academic calendar 2018-19].<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/ Timetables for modules] (or directly to [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/module_1.asp?previous=0 the modules]).<br />
* [https://www.wlv.ac.uk/current-students/examinations--timetabling-/university-rooms/ Rooms].<br />
<br />
= Teaching Staff =<br />
<br />
Prof. [[Fabrice|Fabrice Laussy]] is the Director of Studies for Physics at the University, with responsibility for the success and well-being of all the enrolled students. Dr. [[Elena|Del Valle]] and [[Anton|Nalitov]] are lecturers of Quantum Optics and Condensed-Matter, respectively. Dr. [[Andrew|Gascoyne]] is a Lecturer of Mathematics. J. [[Camilo|{{lopezcarreno}}]] is teaching assistant.<br />
<br />
<gallery perrow=3><br />
File:picture-fabrice.jpeg|Prof. Dr. Fabrice Laussy.<br>[https://goo.gl/yYRqJK web] - [mailto:fabrice.laussy@gmail.com mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2270'''<br><small>Mathematics for Physics<br>Quantum Physics</small><br />
File:Elena-del-Valle-2019.jpg|Dr. Elena del Valle.<br> - [mailto:e.delvalle@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2458'''<br><small>Electromagnetism I<br>Electromagnetism II<br>Foundation Year</small><br />
File:AntonNalitov.jpg|Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br> - [mailto:A.Nalitov@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''1178'''<br><small>Optics<br>Thermal Physics</small><br />
File:Gascoyne_profile_photo2.jpg|Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br>[https://goo.gl/hFf752 web] - [mailto:A.D.Gascoyne@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 51'''8576'''<br><small>Mechanics<br>Scientific computing<br>Numerical Methods</small><br />
File:camilo-portrait-squared.jpg|Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}<br>[https://goo.gl/Xcok5V web] - [mailto:J.LopezCarreno@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2187'''<br><small>Solid State<br>Quantum Mechanics</small><br />
File:SanaKhalid.jpeg|Sana Khalid<br>- [mailto:S.Khalid@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br><small>Mathematics<br>Quantum Mechanics</small> <br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
Our Academic Coach is Sarah Zacharek – [mailto:sarah.zacharek@wlv.ac.uk sarah.zacharek@wlv.ac.uk]. Please contact Sarah for support with problems which do not have a physics flavour.<br />
<br />
= Lectures =<br />
== Level 3 ==<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/16787 Foundation Year Physics] by Dr. del Valle, Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures) & Elouise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
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== Level 4 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17299 Optics] by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* Mechanics by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne (Lectures & labs) & Eloise Foster (Tutorials & labs).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/17704 Mathematics for Physicists] by Prof. Fabrice Laussy (Lectures) and Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism I] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) and Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/14620 Quantum mechanics] by Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}} (Lectures) & Sana Khalid (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/9395 Scientific computing] by Prof. F.P. Laussy, E. del Valle, A. Nalitov and J. C. {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
<br />
== Level 5 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18064 Electromagnetism II] by Dr. Elena del Valle (Lectures) & {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18065 Solid State Physics] by Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}.<br />
* Mathematical Methods by Dr. Liam Naughton.<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18067 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics], by Dr. Anton Nalitov.<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/18068 Quantum Physics], by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lecture) & Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua (Tutorials).<br />
* Numerical Methods, by Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br />
<br />
= Academic calendar =<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:University-of-Wolverhampton---Academic-Calendar-2019.20.png|600px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Timetable =<br />
<br />
[[File:timetable-2019-20-v1.png|750px]]<br />
<br />
= Cohorts =<br />
<br />
Each cohort of Physicists in Wolverhampton gets named after an important physicist who changed his field, despite an off-the-beaten-track academic trajectory, in line with our own objectives and aspirations.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
<gallery heights=200px><br />
File:hanbury-brown.jpg|[[Hanbury Brown cohort]] (2017-2019)|link=[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]<br />
File:Jaynes.jpg|[[Jaynes cohort]]<br> (2018-2021)|link=[[Jaynes cohort]]<br />
File:Mollow.png|[[Mollow cohort]]<br> (2019-2022)|link=[[Mollow cohort]]<br />
</gallery><br />
</center><br />
<br />
Our first generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]''', named after the least conventional, most brilliant and greatest outsider physicist of the 20th century, in line with our seminal Physics course that is making a pioneering journey into a new branch of the University.<br />
<br />
Our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Jaynes cohort]]''', named after the out-of-the-box thinking theorist who challenged the Copenhagen interpretation with his celebrated Jaynes-Cumming model. Also a passionate university teacher, our tribute reminds us of our mission to bring together the best Physics in the classroom and in the literature.<br />
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Our third generation of Wulfrunian Physicists is the '''[[Mollow cohort]]''', named after the maverick theorist who provided the first correct description of resonance fluorescence, i.e., the emission from an atom irradiated coherently at the frequency of its transition. This simple-looking problem is at the heart of quantum optics. The answer is, by the way, a triplet, known as the Mollow triplet.<br />
<br />
= Our Approach =<br />
<br />
Our approach strongly relies on modern pedagogical philosophy, based on active learning. More specifically, we echo at the local scale of our school the structure of science as it unravels at the top level. That is to say, we value notions such as collaborations (peer-teaching), various types of dissemination (oral and written, posters, short presentations), all to be archived as a scientific journal would do of its original content. In particular, we use research-led and research-based teaching, getting up to the standard of professional science right from the beginning and involving elements of ongoing research, to keep our students at the edges of things, at the same time as we bring them there from the very beginning of any standard high education, that is to say, from textbook material and the conventional academic content (Newtonian mechanics, optics, programming languages, etc.) As they explore these classics, the students apply research methods of self-examination, critical queries, actively working with the topics, rather than undertaking a passive exposure and working out exercises that usually consists in repeating a particular case. In the peer-teaching approach, students critically evaluate each other's works. All these approaches, always in some dose along others, are monitored to contribute to the state of the art of pedagogical research in physics education.<br />
<br />
The syllabus of the overall course reads as follow. You can find more course-specific content on [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/ Canvas] (you need to complete your module registration on [https://smsweb.wlv.ac.uk/urd/sits.urd/run/siw_lgn e:Vision] to access them).<br />
<br />
= Zeroth Year (Level 3) =<br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Physics (Foundation Year 3AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is the science of understanding, interpreting and engineering the physical universe. To do so, it relies on a broad set of other disciplines: from pure mathematics which describes fundamental physical laws - to experimental physics, providing both tests of the theory and further insights by systematic explorations or merely trials and errors. This module will first establish the foundations of the discipline, including scientific notations, physical units and dimensional analysis and a survey of mathematical representations of the physical world. It will then introduce the various tools, methods and ways of thinking of a physicist through a combined in-class/laboratory investigation of two of the key notions of physics, namely, oscillations and waves, and forces and energies. These will be illustrated from their manifestation in a range of disciplines, including optics, mechanics and electromagnetism. The emphasis will be on the phenomenology rather than on abstract and sophisticated models. The course is a good introduction to important notions used throughout the scientific spectrum and will provide adequate preparation for more in-depth studies, including for the BSc (Hons) Applied Physics.<br />
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= First Year (Level 4) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
<br />
=== Optics (4AP001)===<br />
<br />
Optics is the Science of light. As our most privileged human contact with the surrounding world is through the eye, optics has always been a central topic in our description of the observable universe. Light is also one of the key technological resources with practical applications found in a variety of technologies and everyday objects, including mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, lasers and fibre optics. Because light is a particular type of electromagnetic waves (with frequencies close to those visible to the naked eye), optical phenomena are just a branch of classical electromagnetism. The full theory is so large however and this particular type is so important that it comes as topic of its own. The module will study two aspects of light: as rays (geometrical optics) and as waves (physical optics). The emphasis will be on geometrical optics with detailed study of optical instrumentation and their applications (magnifiers, cameras, microscope and telescopes, including human vision) in both the classroom and through laboratory sessions. The most important notions of physical optics that provide a more general framework to optical phenomena and prepare more advanced applications, such as interferometry, polarization and diffractive-optics, will be studied at a more introductory level. The module will also survey some advanced notions of photonics in the modern applications of light: the use of lasers, optical detectors, waveguides, fibers and devices for imaging, display and storage, to complete this first outlook on light.<br />
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<center>[[File:interferometer.jpg|350px|One of our interferometers, to study Michelson interferences.]]</center><br />
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=== Mathematics (4MM011) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is an exact science and is articulated, even in its most applied and experimental aspects, through mathematics of various types and levels. Mathematics will therefore be a topic that will be studied in all years of the BSc (Hons) Physics course, to develop skills to enter employment fully armed with modern mathematical and numerical methods. The first year will refresh previous knowledge, in particular of calculus (of real and complex numbers), and move on from there to introduce basic real analysis (functions of one variable, trigonometry) assuring a working knowledge of integration and derivation. The bulk of the module will be on i) the theory of ordinary differential equations and ii) linear algebra. Both will be studied with practical considerations in mind but algebra will also be introduced as the study of abstract mathematical structures, with the study of sets, groups and vector spaces. The emphasis will remain on vector calculus and computation with matrices and tensors. Finally, rudimentary notions of probability will be studied, with statistics being covered in laboratory sessions. The module will conclude by introducing functions of several variables & their partial derivatives, to be revisited again on next year.<br />
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<center>[[File:markov-chain.png|300px|A matrix equation (for Markov chains)]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mechanics (4MM012) ===<br />
<br />
Mechanics is the epitome of physics: it describes and explains the behaviour of physical objects around us, from falling apples to orbiting planets. The first great achievement of Physics as a Science was Newton's understanding that the same laws describe both. The wide range of physical phenomena that can be explained from the laws of classical mechanics makes it a pillar of virtually all other scientific fields. This makes this topic one of the oldest and largest subjects in science, engineering and technology. The module will concentrate on Newtonian mechanics as an introduction to the methods and thinking of a physicist. It will also expand on this classical material to introduce more advanced ideas and concepts of Mechanics, including fluid mechanics, applied mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics. The other branch of mechanics, quantum mechanics, will be studied in a different module. The module will thus focus on the study of the motion of classical bodies and teach how to calculate in various reference frames their position, velocity and acceleration as a function of time under the action of applied forces, with applications to projectiles, astronomical bodies and macroscopic rigid bodies. Important concepts such as conservation laws and symmetry are introduced and studied in a plethora of variations. The dynamics of oscillators, in particular the harmonic oscillator, will be studied in great detail, with emphasis of how various terms in the equation correspond to various scenarios describing a physical object, with basic concepts such as driving and dissipation. The value and interest of exact (closed-form) solutions as compared to approximations will be highlighted.<br />
<br />
Laboratory sessions will be conducted to develop a firm grasp of Physics as an experimental and applied science, focusing on fundamentals such as the study of pendulums and springs, and reproducing pioneering experiments such as the free-falling objects of Galileo. Along with a traditional pen-and-paper approach, an introduction to fully automatised, computer-assisted modern laboratories will be given through a dynamic wireless smart-cart system.<br />
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<center>[[File:mini-launcher.jpg|250px|One of our mini launchers, to study the dynamics of falling bodies.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2==<br />
<br />
=== Quantum Mechanics (4AP003)===<br />
<br />
Quantum mechanics describes objects at small scales and low energies. Since our technology relies heavily on miniaturisation, quantum effects become increasingly important in the applied and engineering branches of physics. Every field of physics has its "quantum counterpart". Furthermore, quantum physics is so counter-intuitive that it makes a complete break with so-called "classical physics", even though the latter includes modern developments such as relativity that revolutionised our understanding of the nature of time and space. Being familiar with quantum concepts is not only important from the scientific viewpoint but also from cultural and philosophical point of views: from the quantum Zeno effect to Schrödinger's cat. Quantum physics is so pivotal in modern physics that some aspects of it will be studied in at all three levels of study in the BSc (Hons) Physics course.<br />
<br />
This level 4 module will introduce the problems with classical physics and the need for a paradigm change, how this was made through the concept of a wavefunction and its associated Schrödinger equation. Solving the latter on elementary cases with time-independent Hamiltonian will allow to delve into the interpretation and meaning of the theory. Its axiomatic formulation in an Hilbert space will introduce the formal and abstract aspects. The concept of quantum correlations will be introduced and contrasted to classical physics, with an introduction to the concepts leading to Bell's inequalities. Special emphasis will be given to applications of quantum physics and how it promises another technology revolution for the coming decades. The module will conclude on the two-body problem in quantum mechanics, introducing the notion of bosons and fermions.<br />
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<center>[[File:wavefunction.png|350px|The quantum wavefunction.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electromagnetism 1 (4AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is a Science of "unification", striving to find general fundamental principles that explain the largest possible extent of observed phenomena with the simplest set of physical laws. In this respect, electromagnetism is the standard theory that led to the unification of two important branches of physics: electricity and magnetism. Its further extension led to the "standard model" of particle physics. This level 4 module will bring us toward the culmination of the theory, namely Maxwell's equations, through preparatory study of vector calculus and in-depth separate analyses of the electric and magnetic fields. This will create familiarity with the respective phenomenology that are of considerable importance for the subject of applied physics. These phenomenon fall under the denomination of electrostatic (the science of electric charges) and magnetostatic (the science of magnets). Special emphasis will be given to electronic circuits as an applied illustration of important concepts of electrodynamics, and to support the laboratory sessions that will focus on these aspects.<br />
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<center>[[File:electrostatics.png|350px|One of our electrostatic kit, including a giant capacitor and Faraday ice pail.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Scientific Computing (4AP006)===<br />
<br />
With the advent and generalisation of computers, Science has taken a new turn. It is now possible to make breakthrough discoveries or reach record-breaking calculations with a standard home computer. Whilst this influences all of the Sciences, Physics is particularly affected since a physical problem is often reduced to solving an equation, which can usually be done numerically. The unique skillsets of Physicists in adapting computer resources to the wide variety of their problems make them highly sought in numerous areas extraneous to their speciality, such as in finance and banking, where they have proven to be the most versatile, resourceful and able users of computer simulations. Since numerical methods are a considerable resource, that will prove useful whatever the future occupation of any physicist will be, the topic will be studied throughout the course. <br />
<br />
This module will first introduce the use of computer resources in networking systems. The unix/linux-based scientific computing environment will be introduced for its scripting features, data processing tools as well as for the standard scientific document typesetting system (LaTeX). This environment will contribute to applications for the Enterprise and Employability Award through content-based rather than look-focused approach in setting up a resume, motivation letter and writting an application, and later for the preparation of Research-level scientific reports for the laboratory experiments. <br />
The module will then introduce basic algorithms and teach elementary numerical methods such as solving sets of linear equations, methods of interpolation, finding roots of nonlinear equations, evaluating integrals and will introduce direct methods for solving ordinary differential equations. The modules will be intensively based on laboratory sessions and practical work and will also teach the necessary programming skills. To endow the student with modern and powerful tools, the course will be taught in the Python programming language, which is a high-level language fairly easy to learn and affording great code readability. This will form a good starting point for development of other programming languages that will be needed on the professional market (where Python is also highly sought). It allows for interacting programming through ipython and Jupyter that is of great pedagogical value. All of these resources are open sources so students can study and apply their knowledge outside of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:ipynb_flat.png|350px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Second Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Electromagnetism 2 (5AP001)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the material studied in the 4AP004-Electromagnetism I, which concluded with the presentation of Maxwell's equations, brought together by separate studies of electric and magnetic phenomena. This level 5 module combines the equations, adding the one final piece brought by Maxwell, and show how this complete description of the time-and-space varying electromagnetic field opens a whole new realm of physical phenomena and applications. The module will show in particular how light emerges out of the equations and, remarkably, how the speed of light in a vacuum arises as a universal constant that is dependent only on the electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space. It will study light's propagation subsequent to its radiation by a source, a problem known as "electrodynamics". The study of light's interaction with matter will allow to revisit one's knowledge of optics from a more fundamental point of view and better appreciate the hierarchy of the subfields of physics. Intensive laboratory sessions will provide insights through a variety of microwave experiments.<br />
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<center>[[File:microwave-setup.png|350px|One of our kits to explore microwaves.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Solid State Physics (5AP002)===<br />
<br />
Solid state physics is an introduction to condensed matter physics, within which you will study the particular topic of widest interest: that of rigid matter. This topic is both better understood and of greatest practical use for technology and industry, the bulk of which relies on a particular types of solids—semiconductors—that provide the bulk material for electronic devices. Solid state physics considers how large-scale properties of solids arise from fundamental phenomena taking place in crystalline ordering of densely packed atoms. It is a rich and fruitful field that illustrates how simple ideas lead to extremely complex behaviours when involving many-body physics. It also brings together various subfields of physics, from classical to quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistics, to this playground and considers how various phenomena have different origins or, in contrast, stem from a combination of several disciplines. This develops the ability to explain something out of a simple model. Solid state physics focuses on the mechanical (e.g., hardness and elasticity), thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of crystals. This module will describe all these aspects in details with a joint theoretical description in class and laboratory experimentation, contrasting different types of solids as probed through these various characteristics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:diamagnetism.png|300px|Diamagnetism.]]</center><br />
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=== Mathematical Methods (5AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will strengthen the mathematical apparatus required to support the increasing knowledge and depth of description of the physical phenomena, now extending to functions of several variables and their associated partial differential equations. Calculus of vector field will also be covered in parallel through the Electromagnism II module. Complex analysis will extend calculus to the case of complex functions of complex variables, showing the stronger notion of derivatives through the CauchyRiemann's theorem and the notion of analycity. The module will then starts a paradigm shift towards providing the "Mathematical Methods" which are useful in physics, that consist of specialized techniques and tools from a given Mathematical discipline, that the physicist does not usually need to know in its entirety. Finally, the study of dynamical systems will be studied with some emphasis on applications for Physics (bistability and hysteresis of nonlinear oscillators, laser thresholds, Liénard systems, relaxation oscillations, etc.) <br />
<br />
<center>[[File:duffing-attractor.png|300px|The Duffing attractor, an example of a dynamical system.]]</center><br />
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== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics (5AP004) ===<br />
<br />
The unit to measure the "number of things", the mole, is unfathomably large, of the order of $10^{23}$ objects. In such conditions, describing a mole of, say, a gas, seems a daunting task, given the sheer amount of underlying constituents that interact between each other. It is one insight of thermodynamics and statistical physics that such complex objects can however be described, essentially completely and exactly with only a few variables. In fact, the larger the number of objects, the more accurate the description. An important illustration is the case of thermodynamics, the science of heat-flow and its relation to work, that is such a macroscopic consequence of statistical (and quantum) mechanics. An understanding of thermal physics is crucial, not only to modern physics, but also to chemistry, biology, computer science and, of course, several subfields of engineering. The module introduces key notions of statistical mechanics, with a strong emphasis on thermodynamics, but surveying also the other fields of interest for Physics, namely, solid state physics, optics and also complex systems.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:blackbody-radiation.png|350px|Our setup to measure blackbody radiation.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Quantum Physics (5AP005) ===<br />
<br />
This level 5 module on quantum mechanics will first extend the theory to a three-dimensional setting, taking advantage of a now better familiarity with more advanced mathematical tools, and then turn to applications of the theory to various cases and concepts of applied interest, including the description of the fundamental, and most common, atom in the universe: hydrogen. It will be shown how quantum mechanics explains the empirically observed spectroscopic lines of this and other chemical compounds. The physics of spin will be studied in detail, considering problems such as the dynamics of an electron in a magnetic field, already studied in the electromagnetism modules, being revisited here by the quantum theory. The addition of angular momenta will provide an opportunity to play with quantum algebra and see how quantum numbers behave in an unfamiliar fashion that requires much practice to be acquainted with. Useful and important computational techniques will be studied, such as perturbation theory, to provide a finer description of the hydrogen atom, or the variational principle, to study the molecule of Helium. Other techniques, such as the WKB approximation, adiabatic approximation, etc., will prepare the student for advanced use of the quantum theory in the description and understanding of the most contemporary systems and problems of modern physics, to be fully unravelled at level 6.<br />
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<center>[[File:sphericalharmonics.jpg|420px|Spherical harmonics describing the hydrogen atom.]]</center><br />
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=== Numerical Methods (5AP006)===<br />
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This module will, in line with the expertise now acquired in the other disciplines of Physics, provide the tools to solve numerical problems that are time-dependent, in particular those involving fields. Concrete problems that arise from other modules, such as solving the heat equation in nontrivial geometries, computing a flow with various models and approximations, propagating a complex wavefunction or solving Maxwell equations, will be brought to the computer and studied there numerically, with emphasis on notions such as stability and convergence. This module will also provide a first experience with research-type problems involving the student's own analysis and judgement, to direct the most promising directions for further exploration.<br />
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<center>[[File:numerical-methods-level5.png|350px|Comparisons of various numerical methods.]]</center><br />
<br />
= Optional Third Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Sandwich Placement (5AP008) ==<br />
<br />
You have the opportunity to make a sandwich placement, somewhere in industry, a corporation, R&D center, hospital (medical Physics) or basically any place where you will be able to exercise your Physics skills and acquire new tricks, develop your network of contacts and prepare yourself a great future on the job market. This is optional. If you go through this route, you'll graduate after Level 6 on the fourth year.<br />
<br />
= Third Year (Level 6) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Modern Physics (6AP010) ===<br />
<br />
Modern Physics refers to the branches of physics that developed in the 20th century and beyond, extending the classical topics of mechanics and electromagnetism to the extreme conditions of very small sizes and/or high energies. The first breakup with classical physics was Einstein's theory of special relativity, that gave a new meaning to space and time. A first chapter of the module studies this pillar of modern physics, culminating with relativistic kinematics. The other breakup, that came with quantum theory, was so widespread and far-reaching that its material is studied independently in previous models of the course (quantum mechanics and quantum physics). This module focuses instead on its recent developments for the theory of information and towards technological applications. A success of modern physics is to describe all known particles in a unified, so-called standard model, that is overviewed at a phenomenological level, from elementary particles up to the nuclear model, presenting the two remaining forces of nature (weak and strong forces). A final chapter on general relativity, and how the curvature of spacetime describes gravitation, with some applications for cosmology, concludes this succinct picture of modern Physics. The module will allow students to get a good grip of the modern landscape of Physics as well as to be armed towards pursuing specialized Physics topics at a Master level in a broad variety of topics.<br />
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<center>[[File:black-hole.png|275px|First observation of a black hole.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Computational Physics (6AP002)===<br />
<br />
The mathematical and computational aspects of physics will be brought together in a single module to provide the tools required for the student to develop their own capacity in identifying and solving problems. Topics in Mathematics will include Fourier and Laplace analysis, variational calculus, Green functions, and Optimization. More computer-oriented topics will introduce students to the field that sits at the boundary of Physics and Mathematics and Computer Science and that emerges as a discipline of its own: known as "numerical experiments" (or "simulation experiment"). Topics in this subject will include Monte Carlo methods, theory of algorithms and some notion of complexity and information theory, as well as an introduction to parallel and distributed programming. Emphasis will be given to computational analysis of the systems studied in Condensed Matter physics module (6AP001).<br />
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<center>[[File:g2-monte-carlos.png|350px|A result of a computer experiment with photo-detection and its fit to theory.]]</center><br />
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=== Research 1 (6AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will prepare the level 6 student to undertake, under supervision, autonomous work in a University environment to produce original research. This will aid future employability, opening up the possibility to apply for a masters course or to join the most dynamic areas of the employment market place. This module will bring together all the skills developed and perfected up till now, including literature review, rapid understanding and distilling of considerable amounts of complex information, as well as a capacity to identify the required tools to tackle a problem. This first-semester module will present students with a set of problems, with various levels of laboratory, computer, and theory-based content (in most cases with a blend of all these). These problems will be discussed with a personal research-active tutor, so as to agree on a topic of mutual interest and the direction to explore. In this first stage, students will undertake a literature review and produce a scientific poster and written reports relating to research undertaken. The poster will be presented to the rest of the Physics students (including level 4 & 5 students), who will provide feedback and comments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:Quiet-zone-400x296.jpg|300px|A popular place with Researchers.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
=== Condensed Matter Physics (6AP001) ===<br />
<br />
Condensed matter physics describes the wide variety of condensed phases of matter, including, but not limited to, the most familiar forms that are the liquid and solid states, whose dedicated study makes a topic of its own. Indeed, condensed matter extends to more exotic phases such as glasses, liquid crystals, quasi-crystals, plasmas, (anti)ferromagnets or non-Newtonian fluids (that change their viscosity or flow behaviour under stress), to name a few. Condensed matter also describes fundamental states of matter ruled by quantum phenomena, including Bose-Einstein condensates, superconductors that conduct electricity without losses, and superfluids that flow without resistance. As such, condensed matter relies extensively on a combination of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics. It is an advanced topic that requires a firm understanding of all these disciplines, that, when brought together, give rise to the emergence of new concepts, following Anderson's credo: "More is different". The module will cover such important modern notions of contemporary physics, including broken symmetries, order parameters and topology.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:giant-magnetoresistance.png|350px|Measurement of giant magnetoresistance.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electrodynamics (6AP012) ===<br />
<br />
Electrodynamics is the science of the interaction between light and matter. This module brings together all the ingredients studied in details throughout the course, to give the final picture of how objects interact at the most fundamental level. The material starts in the wake of Electromagnetism II with radiation theory, or how accelerating charges produce electromagnetic fields. Then the classical theory of Maxwell equations is revisited from the point of view of special relativity, showing how the magnetic field emerges as a relativistic effect. In the second part of the module, we turn to the quantization of the electromagnetic field and its interaction with matter. We first complete the picture of the hydrogen atom from the Quantum Physics module, by studying its hyperfine structure and spontaneous emission. We then overview both the low and high-energy regimes of electrodynamics, with Dirac's equation for the electron and the Feynman diagrammatic rules on the one hand, and a study of the basic models of light-matter interactions that are resonance fluorescence, Rabi oscillations and the Jaynes-Cummings model, on the other hand.<br />
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<center>[[File:photoelectric.png|350px|One of our setup to detect single photons.]]</center><br />
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=== Research 2 (6AP009)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the "Research 1" module (6AP003), engaging students in active research related to an identified problem. A weekly meeting will bring together the student and their personal research-active tutor, and/or the rest of the class, to describe progress, ideas, problems and difficulties and, if applicable, results. At the end of the module, the student will provide i) a 15 minutes oral presentation in conference style, in front of a panel of referees who will ask questions on the research results, and a ii) written report in the form and style of a research article. In case of valuable results in a nontrivial problem, the latter will be submitted for publication and evaluated by research peers beyond the walls of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:prl-2017.png|300px|The portal of Phys. Rev. Lett.]]</center></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=File:Timetable-2019-20-v1.png&diff=1218File:Timetable-2019-20-v1.png2019-10-29T16:14:56Z<p>Juancamilo: File uploaded with MsUpload</p>
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<div>File uploaded with MsUpload</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_Seminars&diff=1199Physics Seminars2019-10-17T09:07:39Z<p>Juancamilo: </p>
<hr />
<div><p align=right><br />
''Not only is it important to ask questions and find the answers, as a scientist I felt obligated to communicate with the world what we were learning.''<br><br />
Stephen Hawking, in Brief Answers to the Big Questions</p> <br />
<br />
This is a list of our WLM seminars (in chronological order, last given is last in the list. 👉 points to the next one). Note that we call "''seminar''" everything, which actually includes research talks, evening Lectures, expert and wide audience addresses alike, etc.<br />
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# [[Hancock seminar (March 2018)]] on nanographene.<br />
# [[Petrov seminar (October 2018)]] on squeezed light.<br />
# [[Nobel seminar (October 2018)]] on the Nobel prize of this year.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Wilkinson seminar (December 2018)]] on medical & forensic applications of Physics.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Cross seminar (January 2019)]] on fast cars.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Newsam seminar (April 2019)]] on Astronomy and Art.<br />
# [[Nalitov seminar (May 2019)]] on topogical and nonlinear effects with polaritons.<br />
# [[Sigurdsson seminar (June 2019)]] on time-delay polaritonics.<br />
# [[Khalid seminar (September 2019)]] on being a University student.<br />
# [[del Valle seminar (September 2019)]] on the research in Physics in Wolverhampton.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Sánchez Muñoz seminar (October 2019)]] on the tinest possible sound.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Nobel seminar (October 2019)]] on the Nobel prize of this year.<br />
# 👉'''{{iop}} [[Whittaker seminar (November 2019)]]''' on the character of Physical laws.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Christmas Lecture (December 2019)]] on Music. [[File:notes.png|30px]]<br />
# {{iop}} [[Wilkinson seminar (January 2020)]] on Physics in Science-Fiction writing.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Ramsay seminar (January 2020)]] on physics pushing the frontiers of technology.<br />
# {{iop}} [[De Liberato seminar (February 2020)]] on scientific enteprenership.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Nalitov seminar (March 2020)]] on time crystals.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Ohadi seminar (April 2020)]] on weird quantum fluids.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Khechara seminar (April 2020)]] on the most dangerous experiments in Physics.<br />
<br />
== Institute of Physics's Lectures ==<br />
<br />
We are part of the [https://www.iop.org/activity/branches/midlands/west-midlands/index.html#gref West Midlands] branch of the IOP and regularly host fascinating evening {{iop}} lectures open to all.<br />
<br />
# [[:File:IOP-Wolverhampton-2018-2019.pdf|Program 2018-2019]]<br />
# [[:File:IOP-Wolverhampton-2019-2020.pdf|Program 2019-2020]]<br />
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<p>&nbsp;</p><br />
We also keep a list of interesting seminars of special interest to the audience of ours:<br />
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# [[Wolverhampton Astronomical Society (March 2019)]] on the Science of Armageddon.</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=People&diff=1189People2019-10-14T08:46:23Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua (PhD Student) */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Prof. Fabrice P. Laussy (Chair) ==<br />
[[File:picture-fabrice.jpeg|left|120px]]<br />
I am a French theoretical physicist, with an interest in most topics of physics and working more specifically in the fields of quantum optics, light-matter interactions, condensed matter and solid-state physics. I obtained my Ph.D in 2005 at the Université Blaise Pascal (in France) and gained extensive post-doctoral experience throughout Europe with stays in Sheffield (UK), Madrid (Spain), Southampton (UK) & Munich (Germany), the latter as a Marie Curie Fellow. In the period 2012—2016, I built a Research Group in Madrid, Spain, as a Ramón y Cajal fellow and with the support of the ERC starting grant POLAFLOW. In 2017, I took up a position at the University of Wolverhampton where I officiate as the Director of Study for Physics, setting on foot an ambitious Physics course for this vibrant University. I am currently the chair of Light and Matter interactions there.<br />
<br />
My proudest achievements in Science include a theory of Bose-Einstein condensation based on quantum Boltzmann master equations, the theory of frequency-resolved photon correlations and the study of its applications, including the proposal for a new type of light where photons are replaced by groups (or bundles) of $N$ photons for a tunable integer $N$, and the design of a device to generate it: the ''bundler''. Recently, I also contributed to the first demonstration of a genuine quantum character of polaritons (light-matter molecules). I am co-author of the popular textbook Microcavities. My immediate goals are to i) move forward quantum technologies based on our theoretical breakthroughs and ii) build a thriving Physics branch at the UoW to implement the noble mission of the University of bringing hand in hand research and teaching, as two facets of the same coin, that of knowledge. ''Non scholæ sed vitæ''.<br />
<br />
[https://goo.gl/yYRqJK web] - [mailto:fabrice.laussy@gmail.com mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2270'''<br />
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== Dr. Elena del Valle (Senior Lecturer) ==<br />
<br />
[[File:Elena-del-Valle-2019.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
I am Senior Lecturer in Quantum Optics, a theorist with expertise in open quantum systems, photon correlations and frequency filtering, for which I developed the "sensor technique" which allows their exact calculation. My skills lie in analytical methods and mathematical methods and I have a passion for teaching and develop projects with students. I completed my PhD in the Departamento Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid in March 2009. My thesis was about light-matter interaction in 2D semiconductor microcavities and quantum dots embedded in microcavities. After that, I had the great pleasure of living in the UK for a couple of years (March 2011-2013) after being awarded a Newton International Fellowship at the University of Southampton in the group of Prof. Alexey Kavokin. Between the summers 2011 and 2013, I enjoyed a Humboldt Research Fellowship for Postdoctoral Researchers and worked at the Technische Universität München (Germany) with Prof. Michael Hartmann. During 2014, I had a Marie Curie (IEF-Fellowship for career development) at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. My project was called SQUIRREL (Sensing QUantum Information coRRELations). I then became a Ramon y Cajal tenured fellow at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid until July 2019 where I joined the WLM.<br />
<br />
[mailto:e.delvalle@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2458'''<br />
<br />
== Dr. Anton Nalitov (Lecturer) ==<br />
<br />
[[File:AntonNalitov.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
I am a lecturer in condensed matter physics and a theoretical physicist working mostly in the field of polaritonics, where we study new exciting properties of liquid light. I am particularly focused on topological, nonlinear and non-Hermitian properties of polariton physics. I did my PhD in Clermont-Ferrand, France, and later continued my research as a postdoc in Southampton, UK, St Petersburg, Russia, where I am originally from, and in Reykjavik, Iceland.<br />
<br />
My most notable contribution in physics is the proposal of a polariton topological insulator, an optical analog of its electronic counterpart, which insulates electric current in the bulk, while perfectly conducting it on its surface. Now, since this theoretical prediction has been experimentally confirmed, the great goal is to develop the full quantum and nonlinear theory for topological interacting bosons. We are in a unique place to do this and our field is in a privileged position as a testing playground for this new theory.<br />
<br />
[mailto:A.Nalitov@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''1178'''<br />
<br />
== Juan Camilo López Carreño (Teaching Associate; PhD) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:camilo-portrait-squared.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
My path in Physics started in 2009 at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Bogotá&mdash;the Andean capital of Colombia. There I did the undergraduate studies of physics and after completing the five years program under the guidance of Dr.&nbsp;Herbert&nbsp;Vinck, I set sails into research on quantum optics. My journey continued in 2014, this time in Spain, at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid where I obtained the Master degree and was fortunate to become part of the group of Dr.&nbsp;Fabrice&nbsp;Laussy and Dr.&nbsp;Elena&nbsp;del&nbsp;Valle and join their efforts in the research on fundamental issues of quantum mechanics and the quantum description of polaritons.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[https://www.wlv.ac.uk/about-us/our-staff/juan-camilo-lopez-carreno/ web] -[mailto:J.LopezCarreno@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2187'''<br />
<br />
== Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua (PhD Student) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:EduardoZ.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
I finished the Physics degree in 2016 at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. That very year, I met Dr. Fabrice Laussy and Dr. Elena del Valle together with the group they led and I began to collaborate with them. From those first steps, my interest in quantum mechanics, especially quantum optics and quantum information, has grown swiftly and it keeps on rising. I continued my academic career doing a Master degree in Condensed Matter and Biological Systems at the same university. Nowadays I’m in a PhD program (in Madrid) under the supervision of Dr. Elena del Valle. We stay in touch with the Wolverhampton group with whom we share many common projects. My research is mainly focused on the generation of quantum light, unravelling its nature, understanding the underlying mechanisms and search for future applications. Always looking for the analytical way to face any problem.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[mailto:E.Zubizarretacasalengua@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''5896'''<br />
<br />
== Sana Khalid (Master Student) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:SanaKhalid.jpeg|left|120px]] <br />
I am a Mathematics graduate, currently studying my Masters degree at the University of Wolverhampton. I have a passion for Pure and Applied Maths and have a growing interest in Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Optics. I intend to continue with this passion, providing my own contributions to the field as a PhD student under the supervision of Professor Fabrice Laussy and Dr. Andrew Gascoyne.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Guillermo Díaz Camacho (Visiting PhD Student) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:Guillermo.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
I am a PhD student from Madrid (Spain), and I am in Wolverhampton as a visiting student in the group of Prof.&nbsp;Fabrice&nbsp;Laussy. I did my undergrad in Physics at Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and set to continue my academic path with a Master degree in Theoretical Physics at the same university. It was at this point when I got interested in quantum optics and quantum information, and in 2015 pursued a PhD program at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid under the supervision of Prof.&nbsp;Carlos&nbsp;Tejedor. My main line of research is quantum optics in semiconductor nanostructures, studying systems such as microcavity polaritons.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Katarzyna (Kasia) Sopinska (Intern) ==<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:kasia.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
I am young student of Dudley college, and I am currently doing an applied science course on level three. My interests lie on a large variety of topics, ranging from art to philosophy. However, the subjects that I am the most passionate about are mathematics and physics, both at an experimental and at theoretical level. At the University of Wolverhampton I am doing an internship, which is helping me to develop my experimental skills but also to deepen my theoretical knowledge.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[mailto:Sopinska@gmx.co.uk mail]<br />
<br />
== Grzegorz (Greg) Mroczynski (Intern) ==<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:grzegorz.jpeg|left|120px]] <br />
I am a college student in Dudley and currently going under BTEC applied science path. My<br />
work here is to assist people with their experiments and learning from it in the meantime.<br />
I&#39;m here to widen my horizons and learn more; especially about physics and mathematics<br />
and being an intern here in Wolverhampton is a great help.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[mailto:00479730@dudleylearners.ac.uk mail]<br />
<br />
== You... ==<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:you.png|left|120px]] <br />
We are starting from scratch. We need motivated people at all levels of qualification. [[Join us, if you can!]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
------<br />
<br />
= Close collaborators =<br />
<br />
== Dr. Daniele Sanvitto ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:picture-daniele.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
Daniele is the head of the [http://polaritonics.weebly.com/ advanced photonics lab] in Lecce, Italy. He is our top experimentalist collaborator with whom we are actively working on a new road toward quantum computing.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Dr. Amir Rahmani ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:picture-amir.png|left|120px]]<br />
Amir is an Iranian theorist with expertise in dealing with old-style, lengthy algebra running through scores of handwritten pages. We collaborate on light-matter dynamics in unconventional configurations and with new degrees of freedom.<br />
|}<br />
<br /><br />
<br />
== Dr. Andrew Gascoyne (Senior Lecturer) ==<br />
<br />
[[File:Gascoyne_profile_photo2.jpg|left||120px]]<br />
I am a Lecturer in mathematics and physics. I graduated with a PhD from the University of Sheffield in 2011 and worked as a Post-Doctoral Research Associate on a STFC funded project entitled "Magnetic Features and Local Helioseismology" before joining the University of Wolverhampton as a Lecturer in Mathematics in 2015. My research is within the broad area of Solar physics, which is the branch of astrophysics that specialises in the study of the Sun. I am focused on Helioseismology; the study of acoustic wave propagation within the interior of the Sun, and MHD (magnetohydrodynamics) wave propagation. Mathematical modelling is a vital part of this research in order to compare and predict observational signatures and understand the many complex mechanisms and processes involved in the interaction of the solar acoustic modes with magnetic elements on the Sun i.e., Sunspots and Plage regions.<br />
<br />
[https://goo.gl/hFf752 web] - [mailto:A.D.Gascoyne@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 51'''8576'''<br />
<br />
------<br />
<br />
= Past =<br />
<br />
== Students, interns ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:mariam-anji-26jul2017.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
Mariam Adam and Anji Bard were two [http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/ Nuffield foundation] supported students, working in our group (from July 25 till August 15, 2017) on the problem of the characterisation of quantum sources of light from their photon emission.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
= Visitors =<br />
<br />
See also our page of [[guests and visitors]].<br />
<br />
= Group Pictures =<br />
<br />
Evolutions of the group through time.<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:GroupPicture-040417.jpg|The Early Days (2017).<br />
File:Group-Pictures1.jpg|The Early Years (2017-2019).<br />
File:resized_DreamTeam-2019.jpg|The Dream Years (2019-onward).<br />
</gallery></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=People&diff=1071People2019-07-15T14:02:19Z<p>Juancamilo: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Prof. Fabrice P. Laussy (Chair) ==<br />
[[File:picture-fabrice.jpeg|left|120px]]<br />
I am a French theoretical physicist, with an interest in most topics of physics and working more specifically in the fields of quantum optics, light-matter interactions, condensed matter and solid-state physics. I obtained my Ph.D in 2005 at the Université Blaise Pascal (in France) and gained extensive post-doctoral experience throughout Europe with stays in Sheffield (UK), Madrid (Spain), Southampton (UK) & Munich (Germany), the latter as a Marie Curie Fellow. In the period 2012—2016, I built a Research Group in Madrid, Spain, as a Ramón y Cajal fellow and with the support of the ERC starting grant POLAFLOW. In 2017, I took up a position at the University of Wolverhampton where I officiate as the Director of Study for Physics, setting on foot an ambitious Physics course for this vibrant University. I am currently the chair of Light and Matter interactions there.<br />
<br />
My proudest achievements in Science include a theory of Bose-Einstein condensation based on quantum Boltzmann master equations, the theory of frequency-resolved photon correlations and the study of its applications, including the proposal for a new type of light where photons are replaced by groups (or bundles) of $N$ photons for a tunable integer $N$, and the design of a device to generate it: the ''bundler''. Recently, I also contributed to the first demonstration of a genuine quantum character of polaritons (light-matter molecules). I am co-author of the popular textbook Microcavities. My immediate goals are to i) move forward quantum technologies based on our theoretical breakthroughs and ii) build a thriving Physics branch at the UoW to implement the noble mission of the University of bringing hand in hand research and teaching, as two facets of the same coin, that of knowledge. ''Non scholæ sed vitæ''.<br />
<br />
[https://goo.gl/yYRqJK web] - [mailto:fabrice.laussy@gmail.com mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2270'''<br />
<br />
== Dr. Elena del Valle (Senior Lecturer) ==<br />
<br />
[[File:Elena-del-Valle-2019.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
I am Senior Lecturer in Quantum Optics, a theorist with expertise in open quantum systems, photon correlations and frequency filtering, for which I developed the "sensor technique" which allows their exact calculation. My skills lie in analytical methods and mathematical methods and I have a passion for teaching and develop projects with students. I completed my PhD in the Departamento Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid in March 2009. My thesis was about light-matter interaction in 2D semiconductor microcavities and quantum dots embedded in microcavities. After that, I had the great pleasure of living in the UK for a couple of years (March 2011-2013) after being awarded a Newton International Fellowship at the University of Southampton in the group of Prof. Alexey Kavokin. Between the summers 2011 and 2013, I enjoyed a Humboldt Research Fellowship for Postdoctoral Researchers and worked at the Technische Universität München (Germany) with Prof. Michael Hartmann. During 2014, I had a Marie Curie (IEF-Fellowship for career development) at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. My project was called SQUIRREL (Sensing QUantum Information coRRELations). I then became a Ramon y Cajal tenured fellow at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid until July 2019 where I joined the WLM.<br />
<br />
[mailto:e.delvalle@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2458'''<br />
<br />
== Dr. Anton Nalitov (Lecturer) ==<br />
<br />
[[File:AntonNalitov.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
I am a lecturer in condensed matter physics and a theoretical physicist working mostly in the field of polaritonics, where we study new exciting properties of liquid light. I am particularly focused on topological, nonlinear and non-Hermitian properties of polariton physics. I did my PhD in Clermont-Ferrand, France, and later continued my research as a postdoc in Southampton, UK, St Petersburg, Russia, where I am originally from, and in Reykjavik, Iceland.<br />
<br />
My most notable contribution in physics is the proposal of a polariton topological insulator, an optical analog of its electronic counterpart, which insulates electric current in the bulk, while perfectly conducting it on its surface. Now, since this theoretical prediction has been experimentally confirmed, the great goal is to develop the full quantum and nonlinear theory for topological interacting bosons. We are in a unique place to do this and our field is in a privileged position as a testing playground for this new theory.<br />
<br />
[mailto:A.Nalitov@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''1178'''<br />
<br />
== Dr. Andrew Gascoyne (Lecturer) ==<br />
[[File:Gascoyne_profile_photo2.jpg|left||120px]]<br />
I am a Lecturer in mathematics and physics. I graduated with a PhD from the University of Sheffield in 2011 and worked as a Post-Doctoral Research Associate on a STFC funded project entitled "Magnetic Features and Local Helioseismology" before joining the University of Wolverhampton as a Lecturer in Mathematics in 2015. My research is within the broad area of Solar physics, which is the branch of astrophysics that specialises in the study of the Sun. I am focused on Helioseismology; the study of acoustic wave propagation within the interior of the Sun, and MHD (magnetohydrodynamics) wave propagation. Mathematical modelling is a vital part of this research in order to compare and predict observational signatures and understand the many complex mechanisms and processes involved in the interaction of the solar acoustic modes with magnetic elements on the Sun i.e., Sunspots and Plage regions.<br />
<br />
[https://goo.gl/hFf752 web] - [mailto:A.D.Gascoyne@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 51'''8576'''<br />
<br />
== Juan Camilo López Carreño (Teaching Associate; PhD) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:camilo-portrait-squared.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
My path in Physics started in 2009 at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Bogotá&mdash;the Andean capital of Colombia. There I did the undergraduate studies of physics and after completing the five years program under the guidance of Dr.&nbsp;Herbert&nbsp;Vinck, I set sails into research on quantum optics. My journey continued in 2014, this time in Spain, at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid where I obtained the Master degree and was fortunate to become part of the group of Dr.&nbsp;Fabrice&nbsp;Laussy and Dr.&nbsp;Elena&nbsp;del&nbsp;Valle and join their efforts in the research on fundamental issues of quantum mechanics and the quantum description of polaritons.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[https://www.wlv.ac.uk/about-us/our-staff/juan-camilo-lopez-carreno/ web] -[mailto:J.LopezCarreno@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2187'''<br />
<br />
== Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua (PhD Student) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:Eduardo.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
I finished the Physics degree in 2016 at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. That very year, I met Dr. Fabrice Laussy and Dr. Elena del Valle together with the group they led and I began to collaborate with them. From those first steps, my interest in quantum mechanics, especially quantum optics and quantum information, has grown swiftly and it keeps on raising. I continued my academic career doing a Master degree in Condensed Matter and Biological Systems at the same university. Nowadays I’m in a PhD program (in Madrid) under the supervision of Dr. Elena del Valle. We stay in touch with the Wolverhampton group with whom we share many common projects. My research is mainly focused on the generation of quantum light, unraveling its nature, understanding the underlying mechanisms and search for future applications. Always looking for the analytical way to face any problem.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Sana Khalid (Master Student) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:SanaKhalid.jpeg|left|120px]] <br />
I am a Mathematics graduate, currently studying my Masters degree at the University of Wolverhampton. I have a passion for Pure and Applied Maths and have a growing interest in Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Optics. I intend to continue with this passion, providing my own contributions to the field as a PhD student under the supervision of Professor Fabrice Laussy and Dr. Andrew Gascoyne.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Guillermo Díaz Camacho (Visiting PhD Student) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:Guillermo.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
I am a PhD student from Madrid (Spain), and I am in Wolverhampton as a visiting student in the group of Prof.&nbsp;Fabrice&nbsp;Laussy. I did my undergrad in Physics at Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and set to continue my academic path with a Master degree in Theoretical Physics at the same university. It was at this point when I got interested in quantum optics and quantum information, and in 2015 pursued a PhD program at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid under the supervision of Prof.&nbsp;Carlos&nbsp;Tejedor. My main line of research is quantum optics in semiconductor nanostructures, studying systems such as microcavity polaritons.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Katarzyna (Kasia) Sopinska (Intern) ==<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:kasia.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
I am young student of Dudley college, and I am currently doing an applied science course on level three. My interests lie on a large variety of topics, ranging from art to philosophy. However, the subjects that I am the most passionate about are mathematics and physics, both at an experimental and at theoretical level. At the University of Wolverhampton I am doing an internship, which is helping me to develop my experimental skills but also to deepen my theoretical knowledge.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== You... ==<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:you.png|left|120px]] <br />
We are starting from scratch. We need motivated people at all levels of qualification. [[Join us, if you can!]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
------<br />
<br />
= Close collaborators =<br />
<br />
== Dr. Daniele Sanvitto ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:picture-daniele.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
Daniele is the head of the [http://polaritonics.weebly.com/ advanced photonics lab] in Lecce, Italy. He is our top experimentalist collaborator with whom we are actively working on a new road toward quantum computing.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Dr. Amir Rahmani ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:picture-amir.png|left|120px]]<br />
Amir is an Iranian theorist with expertise in dealing with old-style, lengthy algebra running through scores of handwritten pages. We collaborate on light-matter dynamics in unconventional configurations and with new degrees of freedom.<br />
|}<br />
<br /><br />
------<br />
<br />
= Past =<br />
<br />
== Students, interns ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:mariam-anji-26jul2017.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
Mariam Adam and Anji Bard were two [http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/ Nuffield foundation] supported students, working in our group (from July 25 till August 15, 2017) on the problem of the characterisation of quantum sources of light from their photon emission.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
= Visitors =<br />
<br />
See also our page of [[guests and visitors]].<br />
<br />
= Group Pictures =<br />
<br />
Evolutions of the group through time.<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:GroupPicture-040417.jpg|The Early Days (2017).<br />
File:Group-Pictures1.jpg|The Early Years (2017-2019).<br />
</gallery></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=People&diff=1070People2019-07-15T10:32:20Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Juan Camilo López Carreño (Teaching Associate; PhD) */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Prof. Fabrice P. Laussy (Chair) ==<br />
[[File:picture-fabrice.jpeg|left|120px]]<br />
I am a French theoretical physicist, with an interest in most topics of physics and working more specifically in the fields of quantum optics, light-matter interactions, condensed matter and solid-state physics. I obtained my Ph.D in 2005 at the Université Blaise Pascal (in France) and gained extensive post-doctoral experience throughout Europe with stays in Sheffield (UK), Madrid (Spain), Southampton (UK) & Munich (Germany), the latter as a Marie Curie Fellow. In the period 2012—2016, I built a Research Group in Madrid, Spain, as a Ramón y Cajal fellow and with the support of the ERC starting grant POLAFLOW. In 2017, I took up a position at the University of Wolverhampton where I officiate as the Director of Study for Physics, setting on foot an ambitious Physics course for this vibrant University. I am currently the chair of Light and Matter interactions there.<br />
<br />
My proudest achievements in Science include a theory of Bose-Einstein condensation based on quantum Boltzmann master equations, the theory of frequency-resolved photon correlations and the study of its applications, including the proposal for a new type of light where photons are replaced by groups (or bundles) of $N$ photons for a tunable integer $N$, and the design of a device to generate it: the ''bundler''. Recently, I also contributed to the first demonstration of a genuine quantum character of polaritons (light-matter molecules). I am co-author of the popular textbook Microcavities. My immediate goals are to i) move forward quantum technologies based on our theoretical breakthroughs and ii) build a thriving Physics branch at the UoW to implement the noble mission of the University of bringing hand in hand research and teaching, as two facets of the same coin, that of knowledge. ''Non scholæ sed vitæ''.<br />
<br />
[https://goo.gl/yYRqJK web] - [mailto:fabrice.laussy@gmail.com mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2270'''<br />
<br />
== Dr. Elena del Valle (Senior Lecturer) ==<br />
<br />
[[File:Elena-del-Valle-2019.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
I am Senior Lecturer in Quantum Optics, a theorist with expertise in open quantum systems, photon correlations and frequency filtering, for which I developed the "sensor technique" which allows their exact calculation. My skills lie in analytical methods and mathematical methods and I have a passion for teaching and develop projects with students. I completed my PhD in the Departamento Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid in March 2009. My thesis was about light-matter interaction in 2D semiconductor microcavities and quantum dots embedded in microcavities. After that, I had the great pleasure of living in the UK for a couple of years (March 2011-2013) after being awarded a Newton International Fellowship at the University of Southampton in the group of Prof. Alexey Kavokin. Between the summers 2011 and 2013, I enjoyed a Humboldt Research Fellowship for Postdoctoral Researchers and worked at the Technische Universität München (Germany) with Prof. Michael Hartmann. During 2014, I had a Marie Curie (IEF-Fellowship for career development) at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. My project was called SQUIRREL (Sensing QUantum Information coRRELations). I then became a Ramon y Cajal tenured fellow at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid until July 2019 where I joined the WLM.<br />
<br />
[mailto:e.delvalle@wlv.ac.uk mail]<br />
<br />
== Dr. Anton Nalitov (Lecturer) ==<br />
<br />
[[File:AntonNalitov.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
I am a lecturer in condensed matter physics and a theoretical physicist working mostly in the field of polaritonics, where we study new exciting properties of liquid light. I am particularly focused on topological, nonlinear and non-Hermitian properties of polariton physics. I did my PhD in Clermont-Ferrand, France, and later continued my research as a postdoc in Southampton, UK, St Petersburg, Russia, where I am originally from, and in Reykjavik, Iceland.<br />
<br />
My most notable contribution in physics is the proposal of a polariton topological insulator, an optical analog of its electronic counterpart, which insulates electric current in the bulk, while perfectly conducting it on its surface. Now, since this theoretical prediction has been experimentally confirmed, the great goal is to develop the full quantum and nonlinear theory for topological interacting bosons. We are in a unique place to do this and our field is in a privileged position as a testing playground for this new theory.<br />
<br />
[mailto:A.Nalitov@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''1178'''<br />
<br />
== Dr. Andrew Gascoyne (Lecturer) ==<br />
[[File:Gascoyne_profile_photo2.jpg|left||120px]]<br />
I am a Lecturer in mathematics and physics. I graduated with a PhD from the University of Sheffield in 2011 and worked as a Post-Doctoral Research Associate on a STFC funded project entitled "Magnetic Features and Local Helioseismology" before joining the University of Wolverhampton as a Lecturer in Mathematics in 2015. My research is within the broad area of Solar physics, which is the branch of astrophysics that specialises in the study of the Sun. I am focused on Helioseismology; the study of acoustic wave propagation within the interior of the Sun, and MHD (magnetohydrodynamics) wave propagation. Mathematical modelling is a vital part of this research in order to compare and predict observational signatures and understand the many complex mechanisms and processes involved in the interaction of the solar acoustic modes with magnetic elements on the Sun i.e., Sunspots and Plage regions.<br />
<br />
[https://goo.gl/hFf752 web] - [mailto:A.D.Gascoyne@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 51'''8576'''<br />
<br />
== Juan Camilo López Carreño (Teaching Associate; PhD) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:camilo-portrait-squared.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
My path in Physics started in 2009 at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Bogotá&mdash;the Andean capital of Colombia. There I did the undergraduate studies of physics and after completing the five years program under the guidance of Dr.&nbsp;Herbert&nbsp;Vinck, I set sails into research on quantum optics. My journey continued in 2014, this time in Spain, at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid where I obtained the Master degree and was fortunate to become part of the group of Dr.&nbsp;Fabrice&nbsp;Laussy and Dr.&nbsp;Elena&nbsp;del&nbsp;Valle and join their efforts in the research on fundamental issues of quantum mechanics and the quantum description of polaritons.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[https://www.wlv.ac.uk/about-us/our-staff/juan-camilo-lopez-carreno/ web] -[mailto:J.LopezCarreno@wlv.ac.uk mail] - tel:&nbsp;01902 32'''2187'''<br />
<br />
== Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua (PhD Student) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:Eduardo.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
I finished the Physics degree in 2016 at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. That very year, I met Dr. Fabrice Laussy and Dr. Elena del Valle together with the group they led and I began to collaborate with them. From those first steps, my interest in quantum mechanics, especially quantum optics and quantum information, has grown swiftly and it keeps on raising. I continued my academic career doing a Master degree in Condensed Matter and Biological Systems at the same university. Nowadays I’m in a PhD program (in Madrid) under the supervision of Dr. Elena del Valle. We stay in touch with the Wolverhampton group with whom we share many common projects. My research is mainly focused on the generation of quantum light, unraveling its nature, understanding the underlying mechanisms and search for future applications. Always looking for the analytical way to face any problem.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Sana Khalid (Master Student) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:SanaKhalid.jpeg|left|120px]] <br />
I am a Mathematics graduate, currently studying my Masters degree at the University of Wolverhampton. I have a passion for Pure and Applied Maths and have a growing interest in Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Optics. I intend to continue with this passion, providing my own contributions to the field as a PhD student under the supervision of Professor Fabrice Laussy and Dr. Andrew Gascoyne.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Guillermo Díaz Camacho (Visiting PhD Student) ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:Guillermo.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
I am a PhD student from Madrid (Spain), and I am in Wolverhampton as a visiting student in the group of Prof.&nbsp;Fabrice&nbsp;Laussy. I did my undergrad in Physics at Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and set to continue my academic path with a Master degree in Theoretical Physics at the same university. It was at this point when I got interested in quantum optics and quantum information, and in 2015 pursued a PhD program at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid under the supervision of Prof.&nbsp;Carlos&nbsp;Tejedor. My main line of research is quantum optics in semiconductor nanostructures, studying systems such as microcavity polaritons.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Katarzyna (Kasia) Sopinska (Intern) ==<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:kasia.jpg|left|120px]] <br />
I am young student of Dudley college, and I am currently doing an applied science course on level three. My interests lie on a large variety of topics, ranging from art to philosophy. However, the subjects that I am the most passionate about are mathematics and physics, both at an experimental and at theoretical level. At the University of Wolverhampton I am doing an internship, which is helping me to develop my experimental skills but also to deepen my theoretical knowledge.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== You... ==<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:you.png|left|120px]] <br />
We are starting from scratch. We need motivated people at all levels of qualification. [[Join us, if you can!]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
------<br />
<br />
= Close collaborators =<br />
<br />
== Dr. Daniele Sanvitto ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:picture-daniele.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
Daniele is the head of the [http://polaritonics.weebly.com/ advanced photonics lab] in Lecce, Italy. He is our top experimentalist collaborator with whom we are actively working on a new road toward quantum computing.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Dr. Amir Rahmani ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:picture-amir.png|left|120px]]<br />
Amir is an Iranian theorist with expertise in dealing with old-style, lengthy algebra running through scores of handwritten pages. We collaborate on light-matter dynamics in unconventional configurations and with new degrees of freedom.<br />
|}<br />
<br /><br />
------<br />
<br />
= Past =<br />
<br />
== Students, interns ==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-style="vertical-align:top;"<br />
|[[File:mariam-anji-26jul2017.jpg|left|120px]]<br />
Mariam Adam and Anji Bard were two [http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/ Nuffield foundation] supported students, working in our group (from July 25 till August 15, 2017) on the problem of the characterisation of quantum sources of light from their photon emission.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
= Visitors =<br />
<br />
See also our page of [[guests and visitors]].<br />
<br />
= Group Pictures =<br />
<br />
Evolutions of the group through time.<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:GroupPicture-040417.jpg|The Early Days (2017).<br />
File:Group-Pictures1.jpg|The Early Years (2017-2019).<br />
</gallery></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Sigurdsson_seminar_(June_2019)&diff=1023Sigurdsson seminar (June 2019)2019-06-13T11:33:14Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Sigurdsson Seminar */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Sigurdsson Seminar =<br />
<br />
<small>(or back to the [[Physics seminars]] page)</small><br />
<br />
* '''What?''' Time-Delay Polaritonics<br />
* '''Who?''' [https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?hl=en&user=7GLQa80AAAAJ Helgi Sigurdsson] (University of Southampton).<br />
Dr. Helgi Sigurdsson is a Research Fellow at the University of Southampton, School of<br />
Physics and Astronomy in the Hybrid Photonics group led by Prof. Pavlos Lagoudakis. He specializes<br />
in theoretical studies involving strong light-matter physics with a strong focus on exciton-polariton<br />
condensates. He received his BSc in physics from the University of Iceland in 2012 and PhD in<br />
Research Physics at the Nanyang Technological University, Singapore in 2016 under the supervision<br />
of Prof. Ivan Shelykh. From 2016 to 2018 he worked as a post-doctoral researcher at the University of<br />
Iceland under the supervision of Prof. Vidar Gudmundsson and Prof. Ivan Shelykh. His works involve<br />
realizing universal logic circuitry based on spatially manipulated exciton-polariton condensates,<br />
topological polaritonics, bifurcation points, numerical simulation of polariton condensate kinetics,<br />
artificial gauge fields for light-dressed electron states, and classical simulators for optimization tasks<br />
inspired by polariton condensate networks.<br />
* '''Where?''' Wulfruna building (city campus), MA043a.<br />
* '''When?''' Thursday 13th June, 16:00.<br />
* '''Why?''' Helgi will overview recent advances in his research<br />
* '''How?''' The talk is one hour and open to questions, tea & cookies will be provided.<br />
* '''Chair''': [[Anton Nalitov]]<br />
<br />
<hr><p><br />
<br />
'''Abstract:''' The field of <i>polaritonics</i> has experienced a dramatic growth due to being highly<br />
interdisciplinary and promising state-of-the-art devices with low power operation, fast signal<br />
processing capabilities, versatile control, room-temperature operation, and optical input-readout. The<br />
condensation of polaritons appears due to stimulated scattering into a high-gain state and is therefore<br />
fundamentally different from standard equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensation and sometimes<br />
referred as <i>lasing without inversion</i>. Conventionally, polariton condensates, and their equilibrium<br />
counterparts, are studied in trap geometries which restrict their phase space and allow easy study of<br />
complicated many body phenomena such as Josephson physics. However, in the inverse case, when<br />
polariton condensates are freely expanding from small (point-like) sources realized using tightly<br />
focused incoherent lasers they experience dynamics reminiscent of coupled semiconductor lasers with<br />
a time-delay.<br />
<br />
In this lecture, I will present experimental results and an intuitive theoretical approach<br />
describing two spatially separated non-trapped polariton condensates, entitled the <i>polariton dyad</i>. The<br />
study provides evidence, for the first time, that interactions between non-trapped polariton<br />
condensates are approximately captured with coupled nonlinear time-delayed equations of motion,<br />
similar to the Lang-Kobayashi equation. A strong link between the field of polaritonics and<br />
semiconductor lasers is therefore established, and the potential of using polariton networks to simulate<br />
complex time delay problems in various sciences such as economics, epidemic outbreaks, traffic<br />
models, biology, etc., becomes possible. Of interest today are efficient devices which can emulate<br />
neurological functions which are naturally dictated by time delayed responses and history<br />
dependence.<br />
<br />
<p><br />
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--></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=News&diff=1005News2019-06-05T16:54:25Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Timeline */</p>
<hr />
<div>= News =<br />
<br />
(''News'' that are not new anymore become part of the timeline)<br />
<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] April 4, we welcome A-levels Physics students from [http://oldburywells.com Oldbury Wells] for a free-fall session.<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]] April 10, Prof. A. Newsam gives our [[Newsam_seminar_(April_2019)|3rd seminar]] of the {{iop}}.<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]] May 1, we welcome our new Lecturer of Condensed Matter Physics: Dr. Anton Nalitov!<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] May 27, we participate to the TERAMETANANO conference in Lecce, Italy.<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]] July 1, we welcome our new Senior Lecturer of Quantum Physics: Dr. Elena del Valle!<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]] December 5, Fabrice speaks about "''The most important (simplest yet most unfathomable) experiment in Physics: the double slit experiment''" at Keele's Physics Centre (IOP event).<br />
<br />
<!--* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] December 11, We talk about ''Sounds'' at the Christmas Lecture, in the Arena Theatre.--><br />
<!--* [[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]] August 19, '''[[Physics Day]]''' at the [[UoW]]: come and learn about lasers, $\gamma$ rays and technologies of the future, and what the UoW has to offer you in some of the most fascinating aspects of sciences. Everybody welcome.<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] September (2018): Fabrice gets invited to the [https://metanano.ifmo.ru/ METANANO-2018] in Sochi, Russia.--><br />
<br />
= Timeline =<br />
<br />
(We're day {{#expr:(({{#time: U | now }}-{{#time: U | 2017-01-07 }})/(86400) round 0)}} today)<br />
<br />
* Day 880 {{day|27|5|2019}}, Camilo, Elena and Fabrice attend the [https://events.mifp.eu/terametanano-2019/index.html TeraMetaNano-4] conference in Lecce, Italy<br />
<center>[[File:TeraMetaNano-Camilo.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 861 {{day|17|5|2019}}, 7th Physics (and first Tea-) seminar: [[Nalitov_seminar_(May_2019)|Nalitov seminar]].<br />
* Day 851 {{day|8|5|2019}}, We address Telford college's A-level Math & Physics students.<br />
* Day 845 {{day|1|5|2019}}, Dr. Anton Nalitov joins us as Lecturer of Condensed Matter Physics.<br />
* Day 826 {{day|12|4|2019}}, First [https://www.wlv.ac.uk/about-us/news-and-events/latest-news/2019/april-2019/imagine-there-is-no-space-and-time---the-black-hole-explained.php blog post] on the University website, on Sagittarius A*.<br />
* Day 824 {{day|10|4|2019}}, We host our 3rd IOP seminar (7th Physics seminar): [[Newsam_seminar_(April_2019)|Newsam seminar]].<br />
* Day 818 {{day|4|4|2019}}, We welcome A-level Physics students from Oldburywells to speak about free fall (and terminal velocity).<br />
* Day 805 {{day|22|3|2019}}, Physics settles in its new whereabouts (in MA104).<br />
* Day 804 {{day|21|3|2019}}, Fabrice gives a talk on ''conservation of momentum'' for the mathsoc.<br />
* Day 791 {{day|8|3|2019}}, we celebrate the International Women's Day.<br />
<center>[[File:Screenshot_20190308_125535.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 773 {{day|18|2|2019}}, we write a [https://goo.gl/n98HgC News & Views] in Nature Materials for a milestone of quantum polaritonics: the observation of polariton blockade (sought since at least 2006):<br />
<center>[[File:Screenshot_20190222_140553.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 768 {{day|13|2|2019}}, we host our first Astronomy Workshop with the Wolverhampton Astronomy Society, on ''astronomical interactive imaging via the Faulkes Telescope Project''. <br />
<center>[[File:Dyvm5CsX4AEpNZp.jpg|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 762 {{day|7|2|2019}}, our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.057401 ''Quasichiral Interactions between Quantum Emitters at the Nanoscale''] is published in ''Physical Review Letters''.<br />
<center> [[File:downing19a-cover.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 757 {{day|2|2|2019}}, We welcome the public at the University Open Day, talking about free fall.<br />
* Day 754 {{day|30|1|2019}}, we host our 2nd IOP talk, the [[Cross_seminar_(January_2019)|Cross Seminar]] on ''Friction, Stiction and Areo-constriction: How Formula one racing cars cheat the laws of physics''.<br />
* Day 749 {{day|25|1|2019}}, new research available at [https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.09030 arXiv:1901.09030] on conventional & unconventional photon statistics.<br />
<center>[[File:motherpaper-split.png|700px]]</center><br />
* Day 740 {{day|16|1|2019}}, we welcome high-school students for the SciExplore event, to discuss [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXYldNzg5QQ how Physicists describe the Word around us].<br />
* Day 732 {{day|8|1|2019}}, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aaf68d ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''] is published in ''J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt.''<br />
<center> [[File:foquo-snapshot.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 698 {{day|5|12|2018}}, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aaf68d ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''] has been accepted for publication at ''J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt.''<br />
* Day 686 {{day|23|11|2018}}, Eduardo Zubizarreta joins our group for 10 days.<br />
* Day 680 {{day|17|11|2018}}, We welcome the public at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 670 {{day|7|11|2018}}, {{iop}} Fabrice joins the IOP branch of the West Midlands.<br />
* Day 662 {{day|30|10|2018}}, Guillermo Diaz Camacho integrates our group for two months.<br />
<center>[[File:IMG_20181105_130133550.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 656 {{day|24|10|2018}}, Fabrice gives the [[Nobel_seminar_(October_2018)|3rd]] [[Physics Seminar]].<br />
* Day 649 {{day|17|10|2018}}, Plamen Petrov gives the [[Petrov_seminar_(October_2018)|2nd]] [[Physics Seminar]].<br />
* Day 649 {{day|17|10|2018}}, The University opens a Lecturer position in Condensed Matter.<br />
* Day 648 {{day|16|10|2018}}, Fabrice is appointed external examiner of the Ph.D thesis of [https://scholar.google.dk/citations?user=d_QsZngAAAAJ&hl=en Giuseppe Buonaiuto].<br />
* Day 645 {{day|13|10|2018}}, We speak about [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6otXXet2r0 waves] at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 635 {{day|03|10|2018}}, We now have a [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVYz3Ly1pg5N5oL_w96OUXg YouTube channel].<br />
* Day 635 {{day|03|10|2018}}, We meet teachers and exhibit [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lG7wxGcZ-ns our Physics lab] for the Black Country GCSE science conference in Wolverhampton.<br />
*Day 634 {{day|02|10|2018}}, Our applet on polariton and Jaynes-Cummings Blockade is published as a [http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/PolaritonAndJaynesCummingsBlockade/ Wolfram demonstration].<br />
*Day 632 {{day|30|09|2018}}, [http://camilopez.org/wlmblog/ we now have a blog!]<br />
*Day 626 {{day|24|09|2018}}, We welcome our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists, the Jaynes cohort: welcome to Dilem, Luke, Amin, Govind, Humza, Nathaniel, Praneet, Mitchell, Joel and Dylan.<br />
*Day 621 {{day|19|09|2018}}, Fabrice graduates as the Chair of Light-Matter interactions.<br />
<center>[[File:graduation-ceremony.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
*Day 619 {{day|17|09|2018}}, Camilo joins the group as Teaching Associate (permanent).<br />
*Day 607 {{day|05|09|2018}}, The University opens a Senior Lecturer position in Quantum Physics.<br />
*Day 565, our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.047401 ''Photon-Number-Resolved Measurement of an Exciton-Polariton Condensate''] is published in Phys. Rev. Lett. and is featured in [[File:physicsAPS.png|42px|link=https://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.047401]].<br />
*Day 550, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2058-9565/aacfbe ''Joint subnatural-linewidth and single-photon emission from resonance fluorescence''] is published in Quantum Science and Technology.<br />
<center> [[File:sublime-snapshot.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 535, New reseach sibmitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.08774 ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''].<br />
*Day 521, We speak about our research at the "Annual Research Conference" at The University of Wolverhampton. <br />
<center> [[File:Camilo-ARC2018.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 497, We explore Research collaborations on "Quantum Biology" with colleagues from the Biology department.<br />
* Day 496, Andrew coordinates the school of mathematics and computer science final year project poster exhibition.<br />
<center>[[File:Andrew-Poster-May18.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 494, We explore Research collaborations on "Quantum Engineering of Light" with colleagues from the Engineering School.<br />
*Day 487, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.02959 ''Photon number-resolved measurement of an exciton-polariton condensate''].<br />
*Day 482, our paper [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-24975-y ''Frequency-resolved Monte Carlo''] is published in Scientific Reports.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-sci-rep-fremoc.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 470, We participate in the University's Open Day, talking about the polarization of light. <br />
*Day 469, our paper [http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/4/eaao6814 ''First observation of the quantized exciton-polariton field and effect of interactions on a single polariton''] is published in Science Advances.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-sci-adv.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 403, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04771 ''Joint subnatural-linewidth and single-photon emission from resonance fluorescence''].<br />
*Day 403, we submit a popular science paper about [https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04540 ''Photon correlations in both time and frequency''] to [https://quantum-journal.org/leaps/ Quantum Leaps].<br />
*Day 374, New research available: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.04779 ''Negative-mass effects in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates''].<br />
*Day 367, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.02580 ''Ultrafast topology shaping by a Rabi-oscillating vortex''].<br />
*Day 367, our paper [https://www.osapublishing.org/optica/abstract.cfm?uri=optica-5-1-14 ''Filtering multiphoton emission from state-of-the-art cavity quantum electrodynamics''] is published in Optica.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-optica-2018.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 343, We host our first poster session, on Optics, with Chloë (burning lenses), Jac (camera obscura), Robert (polarisation) and Stephanie (width of a hair) presenting their work to a large panel.<br />
<center>[[File:posters-hb2017-12-14 14.16.02.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 332, ''Topological order and thermal equilibrium in polariton condensates'' is published in Nature Materials, [https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat5039 doi:10.1038/nmat5039]<br />
* Day 316, We participate to the University's [[Open_Days#18_November_2017|Open Day]], talking about Colours and showing how they mix.<br />
* Day 299, We welcome IOP Education Dept. members from the Midlands areas and introduce them to our course of Physics.<br />
* Day 297, Fabrice [https://twitter.com/WLVsci_eng/status/925120087790686209 talks about spoons] at the Bright Club in Wolverhampton, Arena Theatre.<br />
<center>[[File:spoon-brightclub2017.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 283, Fabrice gives a talk on "Differences and similarities between classical and quantum processing units" at the University of Southampton.<br />
* Day 275, We participate to the [[World Space Week]] and launch a rocket.<br />
* Day 262, We start the first '''[[Physics course]]''' at the [[UoW]], with 6 students ([[Hanbury_Brown_cohort|Chloe, Jac, Jamie, Robert, Ryan & Stephanie]]).<br />
* Day 256, our paper ''Kinetic Monte Carlo approach to nonequilibrium bosonic systems'' by T. Liew ''et al.'' is published as [https://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.125423 Phys. Rev. B '''96''', 125423 (2017)].<br />
* Day 252, our Wolfram demonstration ''Dispersion Properties of a Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate'' is available online ([http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/DispersionPropertiesOfASpinOrbitCoupledBoseEinsteinCondensat/ play with it here]).<br />
* Day 251, our paper ''Topological order and equilibrium in a condensate of exciton-polaritons'' is accepted for publication in Nature Materials.<br />
* Day 243, our paper ''Kinetic Monte Carlo approach to nonequilibrium bosonic systems'' by T. Liew ''et al.'' is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B.<br />
* Day 235, Fabrice gives a one hour tutorial at the [https://www.nano-initiative-munich.de/events/nim-conference-on-resonator-qed-2017/ Resonator QED conference], 31 August-1 September, in Munich, Germany (and chairs the closing session).<br />
* Day 207, Our paper ''[https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201700090 Photon Correlations from the Mollow Triplet]'' is published in Laser & Photonics Review.<br />
<center>[[File:photco-cover-aug17.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 202: [http://www.ogdentrust.com/ Ogden trust]'s CEO, Clare Harvey, visits us to tread the grounds of the future playgrounds of Physics in Wolverhampton.<br />
* Day 200: Mariam and Anji join the group (with support from the [http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/ Nuffield Foundation]) to work on the characterisation of quantum sources of light from their photon emission:<br />
<center>[[File:mariam-anji-26jul2017.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 193: Fabrice gives an invited talk at the [http://light-conference.csp.escience.cn/ Light Conference 2017] in Changchun, China.<br />
* Day 192: Fabrice wins the Best Reader travel award from the Light: Science & Applications journal of the Nature publishing group.<br />
* Day 187: New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.03690 Filtering Multiphoton Emission from State-of-the-Art Cavity QED].<br />
* Day 184: Fabrice attends the [https://www2.uni-wuerzburg.de/plmcn18/ PLMCN18] in Würzburg, Germany, with an invited talk and session chairing:<br />
<center>[[File:fabrice-plmcn18.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 174: Our paper ''Photon Correlations from the Mollow Triplet'' is accepted for publication in Laser & Photonics Reviews.<br />
* Day 172: Our paper ''[http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4987023 Structure of the harmonic oscillator in the space of n-particle Glauber correlators]'' is published in the Journal of Mathematical Physics, '''58''', 062109 (2017).<br />
<center>[[File:zubizarrettacasalengua17a-cover.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 154: [http://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/105743_en.html POLAFLOW] is transferred to the UoW, with a dotation of 29,373.29€.<br />
* Day 152: Camilo arrives to Daniele Sanvitto's [http://polaritonics.weebly.com advanced photonics lab] in Lecce, Italy, to closely collaborate with our experimental colleagues.<br />
<center>[[File:Camilo-in-Lecce.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 151: Our paper ''Structure of the Harmonic Oscillator in the space of $n$-particle Glauber correlators'' is accepted for publication in the Journal of Mathematical Physics.<br />
* Day 145: New research paper submitted, "''Frequency-resolved Monte Carlo''": [https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.10978 arXiv:1705.10978].<br />
<center>[[File:ArXiv-1705.10978.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 140: Our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.215301 Macroscopic Two-Dimensional Polariton Condensates] is published in Phys. Rev. Lett. (and makes the cover of the journal):<br />
<center>[[File:PRL-coverDario.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 130: Fabrice gives an invited talk at the [http://pcs.ibs.re.kr/PCS_Workshops/PCS_Physics_of_Exciton-Polaritons_in_Artificial_Lattices.html Physics of Exciton-Polaritons in Artificial Lattices Workshop] of the Institute of Basic Science, at the Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Daejeon, South Korea. Camilo gives a contributed talk.<br />
<center>[[File:fabrice-daejeon-2017.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 125: The 2nd edition of [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/microcavities-9780198782995?cc=gb&lang=en& Microcavities] is now available.<br />
<center>[[File:Microcavities.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 123: Fabrice gives a plenary talk at the [http://www.optica.pt/aop2017/ Conference on Applications in Optics and Photonics] (AOP2017), in Faro. Camilo gives a contributed talk.<br />
<center>[[File:Fabrice-Plenary-AOP.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 117: First demonstration, with our [[Experiments with gamma rays|$\gamma$ radiosource]]: [[Inverse Square law with gamma rays, Dudley college (May 2017)|studying the inverse square law with the Dudley college]].<br />
<!--* Day 85: Our web goes live.--><br />
* Day 115: Our contributed talk "N-photon emission from resonance fluorescence" to the 18<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Physics of Light-Matter Coupling in Nanostructures ([https://www2.uni-wuerzburg.de/plmcn18/ PLMCN18]) got upgraded to an Invited Talk.<br />
* Day 113: Our paper "Macroscopic two-dimensional polariton condensates" by Ballarini ''et al.'' is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett.<br />
* Day 104: Updated version of our experiment entangling a polariton with a photon: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.01244v2 arXiv:1609.01244v2].<br />
* Day 95: New Research paper submitted, ''Photon Correlations from the Mollow triplet'': [http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.03220 arXiv:1704.03220]<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photon-correlations-snapshot-apr17.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 87: We made an [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGF_BSlc62w outreach video] for the quickly approaching Physics course. <br />
* Day 82: bits of a [[Fabrice]]'s interview pop up in an article of [[File:Le_Monde.png|100px|link=www.lemonde.fr]].<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:lemonde-march17.png.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 82: First paper published: [http://rdcu.be/qszf A new way to correlate photons] (News & Views in Nature Materials):<br />
<br />
<center>[[File: Nv-nmat-march17.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 80: [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/microcavities-9780198782995?lang=en&cc=de Microcavities]'s 2nd edition has been submitted for production.<br />
* Day 68: Our proposal "quopp" is submitted (QuantERA).<br />
* Day 46: [[Camilo]] joins the group.<br />
* Day 34: Our proposal ȹ is submitted (ERC).<br />
* Day 7: First talk (for the [http://quantumdot.iopconfs.org/home UK Quantum Dot day] of the IOP).<br />
<br />
<center>[[File: Quantum-dot-day-Edinburg2017.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 1 (6th of January): We arrive in [[Wolverhampton]].</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=News&diff=1004News2019-06-05T16:53:42Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Timeline */</p>
<hr />
<div>= News =<br />
<br />
(''News'' that are not new anymore become part of the timeline)<br />
<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] April 4, we welcome A-levels Physics students from [http://oldburywells.com Oldbury Wells] for a free-fall session.<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]] April 10, Prof. A. Newsam gives our [[Newsam_seminar_(April_2019)|3rd seminar]] of the {{iop}}.<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]] May 1, we welcome our new Lecturer of Condensed Matter Physics: Dr. Anton Nalitov!<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] May 27, we participate to the TERAMETANANO conference in Lecce, Italy.<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]] July 1, we welcome our new Senior Lecturer of Quantum Physics: Dr. Elena del Valle!<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]] December 5, Fabrice speaks about "''The most important (simplest yet most unfathomable) experiment in Physics: the double slit experiment''" at Keele's Physics Centre (IOP event).<br />
<br />
<!--* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] December 11, We talk about ''Sounds'' at the Christmas Lecture, in the Arena Theatre.--><br />
<!--* [[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]] August 19, '''[[Physics Day]]''' at the [[UoW]]: come and learn about lasers, $\gamma$ rays and technologies of the future, and what the UoW has to offer you in some of the most fascinating aspects of sciences. Everybody welcome.<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] September (2018): Fabrice gets invited to the [https://metanano.ifmo.ru/ METANANO-2018] in Sochi, Russia.--><br />
<br />
= Timeline =<br />
<br />
(We're day {{#expr:(({{#time: U | now }}-{{#time: U | 2017-01-07 }})/(86400) round 0)}} today)<br />
<br />
* Day 880 {{day|27|5|2019}}, Camilo, Elena and Fabrice attend the [https://events.mifp.eu/terametanano-2019/social-program.html TeraMetaNano-4] conference in Lecce, Italy<br />
<center>[[File:TeraMetaNano-Camilo.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 861 {{day|17|5|2019}}, 7th Physics (and first Tea-) seminar: [[Nalitov_seminar_(May_2019)|Nalitov seminar]].<br />
* Day 851 {{day|8|5|2019}}, We address Telford college's A-level Math & Physics students.<br />
* Day 845 {{day|1|5|2019}}, Dr. Anton Nalitov joins us as Lecturer of Condensed Matter Physics.<br />
* Day 826 {{day|12|4|2019}}, First [https://www.wlv.ac.uk/about-us/news-and-events/latest-news/2019/april-2019/imagine-there-is-no-space-and-time---the-black-hole-explained.php blog post] on the University website, on Sagittarius A*.<br />
* Day 824 {{day|10|4|2019}}, We host our 3rd IOP seminar (7th Physics seminar): [[Newsam_seminar_(April_2019)|Newsam seminar]].<br />
* Day 818 {{day|4|4|2019}}, We welcome A-level Physics students from Oldburywells to speak about free fall (and terminal velocity).<br />
* Day 805 {{day|22|3|2019}}, Physics settles in its new whereabouts (in MA104).<br />
* Day 804 {{day|21|3|2019}}, Fabrice gives a talk on ''conservation of momentum'' for the mathsoc.<br />
* Day 791 {{day|8|3|2019}}, we celebrate the International Women's Day.<br />
<center>[[File:Screenshot_20190308_125535.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 773 {{day|18|2|2019}}, we write a [https://goo.gl/n98HgC News & Views] in Nature Materials for a milestone of quantum polaritonics: the observation of polariton blockade (sought since at least 2006):<br />
<center>[[File:Screenshot_20190222_140553.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 768 {{day|13|2|2019}}, we host our first Astronomy Workshop with the Wolverhampton Astronomy Society, on ''astronomical interactive imaging via the Faulkes Telescope Project''. <br />
<center>[[File:Dyvm5CsX4AEpNZp.jpg|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 762 {{day|7|2|2019}}, our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.057401 ''Quasichiral Interactions between Quantum Emitters at the Nanoscale''] is published in ''Physical Review Letters''.<br />
<center> [[File:downing19a-cover.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 757 {{day|2|2|2019}}, We welcome the public at the University Open Day, talking about free fall.<br />
* Day 754 {{day|30|1|2019}}, we host our 2nd IOP talk, the [[Cross_seminar_(January_2019)|Cross Seminar]] on ''Friction, Stiction and Areo-constriction: How Formula one racing cars cheat the laws of physics''.<br />
* Day 749 {{day|25|1|2019}}, new research available at [https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.09030 arXiv:1901.09030] on conventional & unconventional photon statistics.<br />
<center>[[File:motherpaper-split.png|700px]]</center><br />
* Day 740 {{day|16|1|2019}}, we welcome high-school students for the SciExplore event, to discuss [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXYldNzg5QQ how Physicists describe the Word around us].<br />
* Day 732 {{day|8|1|2019}}, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aaf68d ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''] is published in ''J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt.''<br />
<center> [[File:foquo-snapshot.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 698 {{day|5|12|2018}}, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aaf68d ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''] has been accepted for publication at ''J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt.''<br />
* Day 686 {{day|23|11|2018}}, Eduardo Zubizarreta joins our group for 10 days.<br />
* Day 680 {{day|17|11|2018}}, We welcome the public at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 670 {{day|7|11|2018}}, {{iop}} Fabrice joins the IOP branch of the West Midlands.<br />
* Day 662 {{day|30|10|2018}}, Guillermo Diaz Camacho integrates our group for two months.<br />
<center>[[File:IMG_20181105_130133550.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 656 {{day|24|10|2018}}, Fabrice gives the [[Nobel_seminar_(October_2018)|3rd]] [[Physics Seminar]].<br />
* Day 649 {{day|17|10|2018}}, Plamen Petrov gives the [[Petrov_seminar_(October_2018)|2nd]] [[Physics Seminar]].<br />
* Day 649 {{day|17|10|2018}}, The University opens a Lecturer position in Condensed Matter.<br />
* Day 648 {{day|16|10|2018}}, Fabrice is appointed external examiner of the Ph.D thesis of [https://scholar.google.dk/citations?user=d_QsZngAAAAJ&hl=en Giuseppe Buonaiuto].<br />
* Day 645 {{day|13|10|2018}}, We speak about [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6otXXet2r0 waves] at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 635 {{day|03|10|2018}}, We now have a [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVYz3Ly1pg5N5oL_w96OUXg YouTube channel].<br />
* Day 635 {{day|03|10|2018}}, We meet teachers and exhibit [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lG7wxGcZ-ns our Physics lab] for the Black Country GCSE science conference in Wolverhampton.<br />
*Day 634 {{day|02|10|2018}}, Our applet on polariton and Jaynes-Cummings Blockade is published as a [http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/PolaritonAndJaynesCummingsBlockade/ Wolfram demonstration].<br />
*Day 632 {{day|30|09|2018}}, [http://camilopez.org/wlmblog/ we now have a blog!]<br />
*Day 626 {{day|24|09|2018}}, We welcome our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists, the Jaynes cohort: welcome to Dilem, Luke, Amin, Govind, Humza, Nathaniel, Praneet, Mitchell, Joel and Dylan.<br />
*Day 621 {{day|19|09|2018}}, Fabrice graduates as the Chair of Light-Matter interactions.<br />
<center>[[File:graduation-ceremony.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
*Day 619 {{day|17|09|2018}}, Camilo joins the group as Teaching Associate (permanent).<br />
*Day 607 {{day|05|09|2018}}, The University opens a Senior Lecturer position in Quantum Physics.<br />
*Day 565, our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.047401 ''Photon-Number-Resolved Measurement of an Exciton-Polariton Condensate''] is published in Phys. Rev. Lett. and is featured in [[File:physicsAPS.png|42px|link=https://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.047401]].<br />
*Day 550, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2058-9565/aacfbe ''Joint subnatural-linewidth and single-photon emission from resonance fluorescence''] is published in Quantum Science and Technology.<br />
<center> [[File:sublime-snapshot.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 535, New reseach sibmitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.08774 ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''].<br />
*Day 521, We speak about our research at the "Annual Research Conference" at The University of Wolverhampton. <br />
<center> [[File:Camilo-ARC2018.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 497, We explore Research collaborations on "Quantum Biology" with colleagues from the Biology department.<br />
* Day 496, Andrew coordinates the school of mathematics and computer science final year project poster exhibition.<br />
<center>[[File:Andrew-Poster-May18.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 494, We explore Research collaborations on "Quantum Engineering of Light" with colleagues from the Engineering School.<br />
*Day 487, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.02959 ''Photon number-resolved measurement of an exciton-polariton condensate''].<br />
*Day 482, our paper [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-24975-y ''Frequency-resolved Monte Carlo''] is published in Scientific Reports.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-sci-rep-fremoc.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 470, We participate in the University's Open Day, talking about the polarization of light. <br />
*Day 469, our paper [http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/4/eaao6814 ''First observation of the quantized exciton-polariton field and effect of interactions on a single polariton''] is published in Science Advances.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-sci-adv.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 403, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04771 ''Joint subnatural-linewidth and single-photon emission from resonance fluorescence''].<br />
*Day 403, we submit a popular science paper about [https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04540 ''Photon correlations in both time and frequency''] to [https://quantum-journal.org/leaps/ Quantum Leaps].<br />
*Day 374, New research available: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.04779 ''Negative-mass effects in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates''].<br />
*Day 367, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.02580 ''Ultrafast topology shaping by a Rabi-oscillating vortex''].<br />
*Day 367, our paper [https://www.osapublishing.org/optica/abstract.cfm?uri=optica-5-1-14 ''Filtering multiphoton emission from state-of-the-art cavity quantum electrodynamics''] is published in Optica.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-optica-2018.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 343, We host our first poster session, on Optics, with Chloë (burning lenses), Jac (camera obscura), Robert (polarisation) and Stephanie (width of a hair) presenting their work to a large panel.<br />
<center>[[File:posters-hb2017-12-14 14.16.02.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 332, ''Topological order and thermal equilibrium in polariton condensates'' is published in Nature Materials, [https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat5039 doi:10.1038/nmat5039]<br />
* Day 316, We participate to the University's [[Open_Days#18_November_2017|Open Day]], talking about Colours and showing how they mix.<br />
* Day 299, We welcome IOP Education Dept. members from the Midlands areas and introduce them to our course of Physics.<br />
* Day 297, Fabrice [https://twitter.com/WLVsci_eng/status/925120087790686209 talks about spoons] at the Bright Club in Wolverhampton, Arena Theatre.<br />
<center>[[File:spoon-brightclub2017.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 283, Fabrice gives a talk on "Differences and similarities between classical and quantum processing units" at the University of Southampton.<br />
* Day 275, We participate to the [[World Space Week]] and launch a rocket.<br />
* Day 262, We start the first '''[[Physics course]]''' at the [[UoW]], with 6 students ([[Hanbury_Brown_cohort|Chloe, Jac, Jamie, Robert, Ryan & Stephanie]]).<br />
* Day 256, our paper ''Kinetic Monte Carlo approach to nonequilibrium bosonic systems'' by T. Liew ''et al.'' is published as [https://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.125423 Phys. Rev. B '''96''', 125423 (2017)].<br />
* Day 252, our Wolfram demonstration ''Dispersion Properties of a Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate'' is available online ([http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/DispersionPropertiesOfASpinOrbitCoupledBoseEinsteinCondensat/ play with it here]).<br />
* Day 251, our paper ''Topological order and equilibrium in a condensate of exciton-polaritons'' is accepted for publication in Nature Materials.<br />
* Day 243, our paper ''Kinetic Monte Carlo approach to nonequilibrium bosonic systems'' by T. Liew ''et al.'' is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B.<br />
* Day 235, Fabrice gives a one hour tutorial at the [https://www.nano-initiative-munich.de/events/nim-conference-on-resonator-qed-2017/ Resonator QED conference], 31 August-1 September, in Munich, Germany (and chairs the closing session).<br />
* Day 207, Our paper ''[https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201700090 Photon Correlations from the Mollow Triplet]'' is published in Laser & Photonics Review.<br />
<center>[[File:photco-cover-aug17.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 202: [http://www.ogdentrust.com/ Ogden trust]'s CEO, Clare Harvey, visits us to tread the grounds of the future playgrounds of Physics in Wolverhampton.<br />
* Day 200: Mariam and Anji join the group (with support from the [http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/ Nuffield Foundation]) to work on the characterisation of quantum sources of light from their photon emission:<br />
<center>[[File:mariam-anji-26jul2017.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 193: Fabrice gives an invited talk at the [http://light-conference.csp.escience.cn/ Light Conference 2017] in Changchun, China.<br />
* Day 192: Fabrice wins the Best Reader travel award from the Light: Science & Applications journal of the Nature publishing group.<br />
* Day 187: New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.03690 Filtering Multiphoton Emission from State-of-the-Art Cavity QED].<br />
* Day 184: Fabrice attends the [https://www2.uni-wuerzburg.de/plmcn18/ PLMCN18] in Würzburg, Germany, with an invited talk and session chairing:<br />
<center>[[File:fabrice-plmcn18.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 174: Our paper ''Photon Correlations from the Mollow Triplet'' is accepted for publication in Laser & Photonics Reviews.<br />
* Day 172: Our paper ''[http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4987023 Structure of the harmonic oscillator in the space of n-particle Glauber correlators]'' is published in the Journal of Mathematical Physics, '''58''', 062109 (2017).<br />
<center>[[File:zubizarrettacasalengua17a-cover.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 154: [http://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/105743_en.html POLAFLOW] is transferred to the UoW, with a dotation of 29,373.29€.<br />
* Day 152: Camilo arrives to Daniele Sanvitto's [http://polaritonics.weebly.com advanced photonics lab] in Lecce, Italy, to closely collaborate with our experimental colleagues.<br />
<center>[[File:Camilo-in-Lecce.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 151: Our paper ''Structure of the Harmonic Oscillator in the space of $n$-particle Glauber correlators'' is accepted for publication in the Journal of Mathematical Physics.<br />
* Day 145: New research paper submitted, "''Frequency-resolved Monte Carlo''": [https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.10978 arXiv:1705.10978].<br />
<center>[[File:ArXiv-1705.10978.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 140: Our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.215301 Macroscopic Two-Dimensional Polariton Condensates] is published in Phys. Rev. Lett. (and makes the cover of the journal):<br />
<center>[[File:PRL-coverDario.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 130: Fabrice gives an invited talk at the [http://pcs.ibs.re.kr/PCS_Workshops/PCS_Physics_of_Exciton-Polaritons_in_Artificial_Lattices.html Physics of Exciton-Polaritons in Artificial Lattices Workshop] of the Institute of Basic Science, at the Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Daejeon, South Korea. Camilo gives a contributed talk.<br />
<center>[[File:fabrice-daejeon-2017.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 125: The 2nd edition of [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/microcavities-9780198782995?cc=gb&lang=en& Microcavities] is now available.<br />
<center>[[File:Microcavities.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 123: Fabrice gives a plenary talk at the [http://www.optica.pt/aop2017/ Conference on Applications in Optics and Photonics] (AOP2017), in Faro. Camilo gives a contributed talk.<br />
<center>[[File:Fabrice-Plenary-AOP.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 117: First demonstration, with our [[Experiments with gamma rays|$\gamma$ radiosource]]: [[Inverse Square law with gamma rays, Dudley college (May 2017)|studying the inverse square law with the Dudley college]].<br />
<!--* Day 85: Our web goes live.--><br />
* Day 115: Our contributed talk "N-photon emission from resonance fluorescence" to the 18<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Physics of Light-Matter Coupling in Nanostructures ([https://www2.uni-wuerzburg.de/plmcn18/ PLMCN18]) got upgraded to an Invited Talk.<br />
* Day 113: Our paper "Macroscopic two-dimensional polariton condensates" by Ballarini ''et al.'' is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett.<br />
* Day 104: Updated version of our experiment entangling a polariton with a photon: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.01244v2 arXiv:1609.01244v2].<br />
* Day 95: New Research paper submitted, ''Photon Correlations from the Mollow triplet'': [http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.03220 arXiv:1704.03220]<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photon-correlations-snapshot-apr17.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 87: We made an [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGF_BSlc62w outreach video] for the quickly approaching Physics course. <br />
* Day 82: bits of a [[Fabrice]]'s interview pop up in an article of [[File:Le_Monde.png|100px|link=www.lemonde.fr]].<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:lemonde-march17.png.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 82: First paper published: [http://rdcu.be/qszf A new way to correlate photons] (News & Views in Nature Materials):<br />
<br />
<center>[[File: Nv-nmat-march17.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 80: [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/microcavities-9780198782995?lang=en&cc=de Microcavities]'s 2nd edition has been submitted for production.<br />
* Day 68: Our proposal "quopp" is submitted (QuantERA).<br />
* Day 46: [[Camilo]] joins the group.<br />
* Day 34: Our proposal ȹ is submitted (ERC).<br />
* Day 7: First talk (for the [http://quantumdot.iopconfs.org/home UK Quantum Dot day] of the IOP).<br />
<br />
<center>[[File: Quantum-dot-day-Edinburg2017.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 1 (6th of January): We arrive in [[Wolverhampton]].</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=News&diff=1003News2019-06-05T16:53:08Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Timeline */</p>
<hr />
<div>= News =<br />
<br />
(''News'' that are not new anymore become part of the timeline)<br />
<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] April 4, we welcome A-levels Physics students from [http://oldburywells.com Oldbury Wells] for a free-fall session.<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]] April 10, Prof. A. Newsam gives our [[Newsam_seminar_(April_2019)|3rd seminar]] of the {{iop}}.<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]] May 1, we welcome our new Lecturer of Condensed Matter Physics: Dr. Anton Nalitov!<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] May 27, we participate to the TERAMETANANO conference in Lecce, Italy.<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]] July 1, we welcome our new Senior Lecturer of Quantum Physics: Dr. Elena del Valle!<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]] December 5, Fabrice speaks about "''The most important (simplest yet most unfathomable) experiment in Physics: the double slit experiment''" at Keele's Physics Centre (IOP event).<br />
<br />
<!--* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] December 11, We talk about ''Sounds'' at the Christmas Lecture, in the Arena Theatre.--><br />
<!--* [[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]] August 19, '''[[Physics Day]]''' at the [[UoW]]: come and learn about lasers, $\gamma$ rays and technologies of the future, and what the UoW has to offer you in some of the most fascinating aspects of sciences. Everybody welcome.<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] September (2018): Fabrice gets invited to the [https://metanano.ifmo.ru/ METANANO-2018] in Sochi, Russia.--><br />
<br />
= Timeline =<br />
<br />
(We're day {{#expr:(({{#time: U | now }}-{{#time: U | 2017-01-07 }})/(86400) round 0)}} today)<br />
<br />
* Day 880 {{day|27|5|2019}}, Camilo, Elena and Fabrice attend the TeraMetaNano-4 conference in Lecce, Italy<br />
<center>[[File:TeraMetaNano-Camilo.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 861 {{day|17|5|2019}}, 7th Physics (and first Tea-) seminar: [[Nalitov_seminar_(May_2019)|Nalitov seminar]].<br />
* Day 851 {{day|8|5|2019}}, We address Telford college's A-level Math & Physics students.<br />
* Day 845 {{day|1|5|2019}}, Dr. Anton Nalitov joins us as Lecturer of Condensed Matter Physics.<br />
* Day 826 {{day|12|4|2019}}, First [https://www.wlv.ac.uk/about-us/news-and-events/latest-news/2019/april-2019/imagine-there-is-no-space-and-time---the-black-hole-explained.php blog post] on the University website, on Sagittarius A*.<br />
* Day 824 {{day|10|4|2019}}, We host our 3rd IOP seminar (7th Physics seminar): [[Newsam_seminar_(April_2019)|Newsam seminar]].<br />
* Day 818 {{day|4|4|2019}}, We welcome A-level Physics students from Oldburywells to speak about free fall (and terminal velocity).<br />
* Day 805 {{day|22|3|2019}}, Physics settles in its new whereabouts (in MA104).<br />
* Day 804 {{day|21|3|2019}}, Fabrice gives a talk on ''conservation of momentum'' for the mathsoc.<br />
* Day 791 {{day|8|3|2019}}, we celebrate the International Women's Day.<br />
<center>[[File:Screenshot_20190308_125535.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 773 {{day|18|2|2019}}, we write a [https://goo.gl/n98HgC News & Views] in Nature Materials for a milestone of quantum polaritonics: the observation of polariton blockade (sought since at least 2006):<br />
<center>[[File:Screenshot_20190222_140553.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 768 {{day|13|2|2019}}, we host our first Astronomy Workshop with the Wolverhampton Astronomy Society, on ''astronomical interactive imaging via the Faulkes Telescope Project''. <br />
<center>[[File:Dyvm5CsX4AEpNZp.jpg|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 762 {{day|7|2|2019}}, our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.057401 ''Quasichiral Interactions between Quantum Emitters at the Nanoscale''] is published in ''Physical Review Letters''.<br />
<center> [[File:downing19a-cover.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 757 {{day|2|2|2019}}, We welcome the public at the University Open Day, talking about free fall.<br />
* Day 754 {{day|30|1|2019}}, we host our 2nd IOP talk, the [[Cross_seminar_(January_2019)|Cross Seminar]] on ''Friction, Stiction and Areo-constriction: How Formula one racing cars cheat the laws of physics''.<br />
* Day 749 {{day|25|1|2019}}, new research available at [https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.09030 arXiv:1901.09030] on conventional & unconventional photon statistics.<br />
<center>[[File:motherpaper-split.png|700px]]</center><br />
* Day 740 {{day|16|1|2019}}, we welcome high-school students for the SciExplore event, to discuss [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXYldNzg5QQ how Physicists describe the Word around us].<br />
* Day 732 {{day|8|1|2019}}, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aaf68d ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''] is published in ''J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt.''<br />
<center> [[File:foquo-snapshot.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 698 {{day|5|12|2018}}, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aaf68d ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''] has been accepted for publication at ''J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt.''<br />
* Day 686 {{day|23|11|2018}}, Eduardo Zubizarreta joins our group for 10 days.<br />
* Day 680 {{day|17|11|2018}}, We welcome the public at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 670 {{day|7|11|2018}}, {{iop}} Fabrice joins the IOP branch of the West Midlands.<br />
* Day 662 {{day|30|10|2018}}, Guillermo Diaz Camacho integrates our group for two months.<br />
<center>[[File:IMG_20181105_130133550.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 656 {{day|24|10|2018}}, Fabrice gives the [[Nobel_seminar_(October_2018)|3rd]] [[Physics Seminar]].<br />
* Day 649 {{day|17|10|2018}}, Plamen Petrov gives the [[Petrov_seminar_(October_2018)|2nd]] [[Physics Seminar]].<br />
* Day 649 {{day|17|10|2018}}, The University opens a Lecturer position in Condensed Matter.<br />
* Day 648 {{day|16|10|2018}}, Fabrice is appointed external examiner of the Ph.D thesis of [https://scholar.google.dk/citations?user=d_QsZngAAAAJ&hl=en Giuseppe Buonaiuto].<br />
* Day 645 {{day|13|10|2018}}, We speak about [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6otXXet2r0 waves] at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 635 {{day|03|10|2018}}, We now have a [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVYz3Ly1pg5N5oL_w96OUXg YouTube channel].<br />
* Day 635 {{day|03|10|2018}}, We meet teachers and exhibit [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lG7wxGcZ-ns our Physics lab] for the Black Country GCSE science conference in Wolverhampton.<br />
*Day 634 {{day|02|10|2018}}, Our applet on polariton and Jaynes-Cummings Blockade is published as a [http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/PolaritonAndJaynesCummingsBlockade/ Wolfram demonstration].<br />
*Day 632 {{day|30|09|2018}}, [http://camilopez.org/wlmblog/ we now have a blog!]<br />
*Day 626 {{day|24|09|2018}}, We welcome our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists, the Jaynes cohort: welcome to Dilem, Luke, Amin, Govind, Humza, Nathaniel, Praneet, Mitchell, Joel and Dylan.<br />
*Day 621 {{day|19|09|2018}}, Fabrice graduates as the Chair of Light-Matter interactions.<br />
<center>[[File:graduation-ceremony.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
*Day 619 {{day|17|09|2018}}, Camilo joins the group as Teaching Associate (permanent).<br />
*Day 607 {{day|05|09|2018}}, The University opens a Senior Lecturer position in Quantum Physics.<br />
*Day 565, our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.047401 ''Photon-Number-Resolved Measurement of an Exciton-Polariton Condensate''] is published in Phys. Rev. Lett. and is featured in [[File:physicsAPS.png|42px|link=https://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.047401]].<br />
*Day 550, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2058-9565/aacfbe ''Joint subnatural-linewidth and single-photon emission from resonance fluorescence''] is published in Quantum Science and Technology.<br />
<center> [[File:sublime-snapshot.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 535, New reseach sibmitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.08774 ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''].<br />
*Day 521, We speak about our research at the "Annual Research Conference" at The University of Wolverhampton. <br />
<center> [[File:Camilo-ARC2018.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 497, We explore Research collaborations on "Quantum Biology" with colleagues from the Biology department.<br />
* Day 496, Andrew coordinates the school of mathematics and computer science final year project poster exhibition.<br />
<center>[[File:Andrew-Poster-May18.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 494, We explore Research collaborations on "Quantum Engineering of Light" with colleagues from the Engineering School.<br />
*Day 487, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.02959 ''Photon number-resolved measurement of an exciton-polariton condensate''].<br />
*Day 482, our paper [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-24975-y ''Frequency-resolved Monte Carlo''] is published in Scientific Reports.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-sci-rep-fremoc.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 470, We participate in the University's Open Day, talking about the polarization of light. <br />
*Day 469, our paper [http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/4/eaao6814 ''First observation of the quantized exciton-polariton field and effect of interactions on a single polariton''] is published in Science Advances.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-sci-adv.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 403, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04771 ''Joint subnatural-linewidth and single-photon emission from resonance fluorescence''].<br />
*Day 403, we submit a popular science paper about [https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04540 ''Photon correlations in both time and frequency''] to [https://quantum-journal.org/leaps/ Quantum Leaps].<br />
*Day 374, New research available: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.04779 ''Negative-mass effects in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates''].<br />
*Day 367, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.02580 ''Ultrafast topology shaping by a Rabi-oscillating vortex''].<br />
*Day 367, our paper [https://www.osapublishing.org/optica/abstract.cfm?uri=optica-5-1-14 ''Filtering multiphoton emission from state-of-the-art cavity quantum electrodynamics''] is published in Optica.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-optica-2018.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 343, We host our first poster session, on Optics, with Chloë (burning lenses), Jac (camera obscura), Robert (polarisation) and Stephanie (width of a hair) presenting their work to a large panel.<br />
<center>[[File:posters-hb2017-12-14 14.16.02.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 332, ''Topological order and thermal equilibrium in polariton condensates'' is published in Nature Materials, [https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat5039 doi:10.1038/nmat5039]<br />
* Day 316, We participate to the University's [[Open_Days#18_November_2017|Open Day]], talking about Colours and showing how they mix.<br />
* Day 299, We welcome IOP Education Dept. members from the Midlands areas and introduce them to our course of Physics.<br />
* Day 297, Fabrice [https://twitter.com/WLVsci_eng/status/925120087790686209 talks about spoons] at the Bright Club in Wolverhampton, Arena Theatre.<br />
<center>[[File:spoon-brightclub2017.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 283, Fabrice gives a talk on "Differences and similarities between classical and quantum processing units" at the University of Southampton.<br />
* Day 275, We participate to the [[World Space Week]] and launch a rocket.<br />
* Day 262, We start the first '''[[Physics course]]''' at the [[UoW]], with 6 students ([[Hanbury_Brown_cohort|Chloe, Jac, Jamie, Robert, Ryan & Stephanie]]).<br />
* Day 256, our paper ''Kinetic Monte Carlo approach to nonequilibrium bosonic systems'' by T. Liew ''et al.'' is published as [https://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.125423 Phys. Rev. B '''96''', 125423 (2017)].<br />
* Day 252, our Wolfram demonstration ''Dispersion Properties of a Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate'' is available online ([http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/DispersionPropertiesOfASpinOrbitCoupledBoseEinsteinCondensat/ play with it here]).<br />
* Day 251, our paper ''Topological order and equilibrium in a condensate of exciton-polaritons'' is accepted for publication in Nature Materials.<br />
* Day 243, our paper ''Kinetic Monte Carlo approach to nonequilibrium bosonic systems'' by T. Liew ''et al.'' is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B.<br />
* Day 235, Fabrice gives a one hour tutorial at the [https://www.nano-initiative-munich.de/events/nim-conference-on-resonator-qed-2017/ Resonator QED conference], 31 August-1 September, in Munich, Germany (and chairs the closing session).<br />
* Day 207, Our paper ''[https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201700090 Photon Correlations from the Mollow Triplet]'' is published in Laser & Photonics Review.<br />
<center>[[File:photco-cover-aug17.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 202: [http://www.ogdentrust.com/ Ogden trust]'s CEO, Clare Harvey, visits us to tread the grounds of the future playgrounds of Physics in Wolverhampton.<br />
* Day 200: Mariam and Anji join the group (with support from the [http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/ Nuffield Foundation]) to work on the characterisation of quantum sources of light from their photon emission:<br />
<center>[[File:mariam-anji-26jul2017.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 193: Fabrice gives an invited talk at the [http://light-conference.csp.escience.cn/ Light Conference 2017] in Changchun, China.<br />
* Day 192: Fabrice wins the Best Reader travel award from the Light: Science & Applications journal of the Nature publishing group.<br />
* Day 187: New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.03690 Filtering Multiphoton Emission from State-of-the-Art Cavity QED].<br />
* Day 184: Fabrice attends the [https://www2.uni-wuerzburg.de/plmcn18/ PLMCN18] in Würzburg, Germany, with an invited talk and session chairing:<br />
<center>[[File:fabrice-plmcn18.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 174: Our paper ''Photon Correlations from the Mollow Triplet'' is accepted for publication in Laser & Photonics Reviews.<br />
* Day 172: Our paper ''[http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4987023 Structure of the harmonic oscillator in the space of n-particle Glauber correlators]'' is published in the Journal of Mathematical Physics, '''58''', 062109 (2017).<br />
<center>[[File:zubizarrettacasalengua17a-cover.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 154: [http://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/105743_en.html POLAFLOW] is transferred to the UoW, with a dotation of 29,373.29€.<br />
* Day 152: Camilo arrives to Daniele Sanvitto's [http://polaritonics.weebly.com advanced photonics lab] in Lecce, Italy, to closely collaborate with our experimental colleagues.<br />
<center>[[File:Camilo-in-Lecce.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 151: Our paper ''Structure of the Harmonic Oscillator in the space of $n$-particle Glauber correlators'' is accepted for publication in the Journal of Mathematical Physics.<br />
* Day 145: New research paper submitted, "''Frequency-resolved Monte Carlo''": [https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.10978 arXiv:1705.10978].<br />
<center>[[File:ArXiv-1705.10978.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 140: Our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.215301 Macroscopic Two-Dimensional Polariton Condensates] is published in Phys. Rev. Lett. (and makes the cover of the journal):<br />
<center>[[File:PRL-coverDario.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 130: Fabrice gives an invited talk at the [http://pcs.ibs.re.kr/PCS_Workshops/PCS_Physics_of_Exciton-Polaritons_in_Artificial_Lattices.html Physics of Exciton-Polaritons in Artificial Lattices Workshop] of the Institute of Basic Science, at the Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Daejeon, South Korea. Camilo gives a contributed talk.<br />
<center>[[File:fabrice-daejeon-2017.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 125: The 2nd edition of [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/microcavities-9780198782995?cc=gb&lang=en& Microcavities] is now available.<br />
<center>[[File:Microcavities.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 123: Fabrice gives a plenary talk at the [http://www.optica.pt/aop2017/ Conference on Applications in Optics and Photonics] (AOP2017), in Faro. Camilo gives a contributed talk.<br />
<center>[[File:Fabrice-Plenary-AOP.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 117: First demonstration, with our [[Experiments with gamma rays|$\gamma$ radiosource]]: [[Inverse Square law with gamma rays, Dudley college (May 2017)|studying the inverse square law with the Dudley college]].<br />
<!--* Day 85: Our web goes live.--><br />
* Day 115: Our contributed talk "N-photon emission from resonance fluorescence" to the 18<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Physics of Light-Matter Coupling in Nanostructures ([https://www2.uni-wuerzburg.de/plmcn18/ PLMCN18]) got upgraded to an Invited Talk.<br />
* Day 113: Our paper "Macroscopic two-dimensional polariton condensates" by Ballarini ''et al.'' is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett.<br />
* Day 104: Updated version of our experiment entangling a polariton with a photon: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.01244v2 arXiv:1609.01244v2].<br />
* Day 95: New Research paper submitted, ''Photon Correlations from the Mollow triplet'': [http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.03220 arXiv:1704.03220]<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photon-correlations-snapshot-apr17.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 87: We made an [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGF_BSlc62w outreach video] for the quickly approaching Physics course. <br />
* Day 82: bits of a [[Fabrice]]'s interview pop up in an article of [[File:Le_Monde.png|100px|link=www.lemonde.fr]].<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:lemonde-march17.png.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 82: First paper published: [http://rdcu.be/qszf A new way to correlate photons] (News & Views in Nature Materials):<br />
<br />
<center>[[File: Nv-nmat-march17.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 80: [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/microcavities-9780198782995?lang=en&cc=de Microcavities]'s 2nd edition has been submitted for production.<br />
* Day 68: Our proposal "quopp" is submitted (QuantERA).<br />
* Day 46: [[Camilo]] joins the group.<br />
* Day 34: Our proposal ȹ is submitted (ERC).<br />
* Day 7: First talk (for the [http://quantumdot.iopconfs.org/home UK Quantum Dot day] of the IOP).<br />
<br />
<center>[[File: Quantum-dot-day-Edinburg2017.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 1 (6th of January): We arrive in [[Wolverhampton]].</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=File:TeraMetaNano-Camilo.jpg&diff=1002File:TeraMetaNano-Camilo.jpg2019-06-05T16:52:39Z<p>Juancamilo: File uploaded with MsUpload</p>
<hr />
<div>File uploaded with MsUpload</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_BSc&diff=962Physics BSc2019-04-15T16:08:12Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Teaching Staff */</p>
<hr />
<div>While most of the fastly moving, dynamically changing things happen in Canvas on a lecture per lecture basis, this webspace hosts the slower action that takes place at the deeper level, involving all the courses together. You should be pointed to it whenever your visit will be needed, but feel free to come back any time to consult any item of interest or see if things happen unnoticed.<br />
<br />
Useful links:<br />
<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/Academic_Calendar_2018-19.pdf Academic calendar 2018-19].<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/ Timetables for modules] (or directly to [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/module_1.asp?previous=0 the modules]).<br />
* [https://www.wlv.ac.uk/current-students/examinations--timetabling-/university-rooms/ Rooms].<br />
<br />
= Teaching Staff =<br />
<br />
Our [[Fabrice|head of group]] is the Director of Studies for Physics at the University, with responsibility for the success and well-being of all the enrolled students. Our group is the core component of the Physics course at the [[University of Wolverhampton]], delivering teaching at, so far, level 3, 4 and 5. Other courses are provided by the [https://www.wlv.ac.uk/about-us/our-schools-and-institutes/faculty-of-science-and-engineering/school-of-mathematics-and-computer-science/ Schools of Mathematics & Computer Science].<br />
<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:picture-fabrice.jpeg|Prof. Dr. Fabrice Laussy.<br>[https://goo.gl/yYRqJK web] - [mailto:fabrice.laussy@gmail.com mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 322270<br />
File:Gascoyne_profile_photo2.jpg|Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br>[https://goo.gl/hFf752 web] - [mailto:A.D.Gascoyne@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 518576<br />
File:camilo-portrait-squared.jpg|Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}<br>[https://goo.gl/Xcok5V web] -[mailto:juclopezca@gmail.com mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 322187<br />
File:TamaraNevill.png|Tamara Nevill<br>[https://goo.gl/387LiU web] - [mailto:T.Nevill@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 321859<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
Our Academic Coach is Sarah Zacharek – [mailto:sarah.zacharek@wlv.ac.uk sarah.zacharek@wlv.ac.uk]. Please contact Sarah for support with problems which do not have a physics flavour.<br />
<br />
= Lectures =<br />
== Level 3 ==<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [[Foundation degree|Foundation Year Physics]] by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures) & J.C. {{lopezcarreno}} (Lectures, Tutorials & labs).<br />
<br />
== Level 4 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/11821 Optics] by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures & labs) & J.C. {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials & labs).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/13522 Mechanics] by Dr. A. Gascoyne.<br />
* Mathematics for Physicists by T. Nevill.<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/14621 Electromagnetism] I by J.C. {{lopezcarreno}}<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/14620 Quantum mechanics] by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures & labs) & J.C. {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials & labs)<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/9395 Scientific computing] by Dr. A. Gascoyne<br />
<br />
== Level 5 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/13562 Electromagnetism II] by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures & labs) & J.C. {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials & labs).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/13563 Solid State Physics] by J.C. {{lopezcarreno}} (Lectures & tutorials) and Prof. F. P. Laussy (labs).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/13564 Mathematical Methods] by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures) & J.C. {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics, by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures & labs) & J.C. {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials & labs).<br />
* Quantum Physics, by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures & labs) & J.C. {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials & labs).<br />
* Numerical Methods, Dr. A. Gascoyne.<br />
<br />
= Timetable =<br />
<center>[[File:Screenshot 2019-02-20 at 11.29.16.png|700px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Cohorts =<br />
<br />
Each cohort of Physicists in Wolverhampton gets named after an important physicist who changed his field, despite an off-the-beaten-track academic trajectory, in line with our own objectives and aspirations.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
<gallery heights=200px><br />
File:hanbury-brown.jpg|[[Hanbury Brown cohort]] (2017-2019)|link=[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]<br />
File:Jaynes.jpg|[[Jaynes cohort]]<br> (2018-2020)|link=[[Jaynes cohort]]<br />
</gallery><br />
</center><br />
<br />
Our first Physics generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]''', named after the least conventional, most brilliant and greatest outsider physicist of the 20th century, in line with our seminal Physics course that is making a pioneering journey into a new branch of the University.<br />
<br />
Our second Physics generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Jaynes cohort]]''', named after the out-of-the-box thinking theorist who challenged the Copenhagen interpretation with his celebrated Jaynes-Cumming model. Also a passionate university teacher, our tribute reminds us of our mission to bring together the best Physics in the classroom and in the literature.<br />
<br />
= Our Approach =<br />
<br />
Our approach strongly relies on modern pedagogical philosophy, based on active learning. More specifically, we echo at the local scale of our school the structure of science as it unravels at the top level. That is to say, we value notions such as collaborations (peer-teaching), various types of dissemination (oral and written, posters, short presentations), all to be archived as a scientific journal would do of its original content. In particular, we use research-led and research-based teaching, getting up to the standard of professional science right from the beginning and involving elements of ongoing research, to keep our students at the edges of things, at the same time as we bring them there from the very beginning of any standard high education, that is to say, from textbook material and the conventional academic content (Newtonian mechanics, optics, programming languages, etc.) As they explore these classics, the students apply research methods of self-examination, critical queries, actively working with the topics, rather than undertaking a passive exposure and working out exercises that usually consists in repeating a particular case. In the peer-teaching approach, students critically evaluate each other's works. All these approaches, always in some dose along others, are monitored to contribute to the state of the art of pedagogical research in physics education.<br />
<br />
The syllabus of the overall course reads as follow. You can find more course-specific content on [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/ Canvas] (you need to complete your module registration on [https://smsweb.wlv.ac.uk/urd/sits.urd/run/siw_lgn e:Vision] to access them).<br />
<br />
= First Year (Level 4) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
<br />
=== Optics (4AP001)===<br />
<br />
Optics is the Science of light. As our most privileged human contact with the surrounding world is through the eye, optics has always been a central topic in our description of the observable universe. Light is also one of the key technological resources with practical applications found in a variety of technologies and everyday objects, including mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, lasers and fibre optics. Because light is a particular type of electromagnetic waves (with frequencies close to those visible to the naked eye), optical phenomena are just a branch of classical electromagnetism. The full theory is so large however and this particular type is so important that it comes as topic of its own. The module will study two aspects of light: as rays (geometrical optics) and as waves (physical optics). The emphasis will be on geometrical optics with detailed study of optical instrumentation and their applications (magnifiers, cameras, microscope and telescopes, including human vision) in both the classroom and through laboratory sessions. The most important notions of physical optics that provide a more general framework to optical phenomena and prepare more advanced applications, such as interferometry, polarization and diffractive-optics, will be studied at a more introductory level. The module will also survey some advanced notions of photonics in the modern applications of light: the use of lasers, optical detectors, waveguides, fibers and devices for imaging, display and storage, to complete this first outlook on light.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:interferometer.jpg|350px|One of our interferometers, to study Michelson interferences.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematics (4MM011) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is an exact science and is articulated, even in its most applied and experimental aspects, through mathematics of various types and levels. Mathematics will therefore be a topic that will be studied in all years of the BSc (Hons) Physics course, to develop skills to enter employment fully armed with modern mathematical and numerical methods. The first year will refresh previous knowledge, in particular of calculus (of real and complex numbers), and move on from there to introduce basic real analysis (functions of one variable, trigonometry) assuring a working knowledge of integration and derivation. The bulk of the module will be on i) the theory of ordinary differential equations and ii) linear algebra. Both will be studied with practical considerations in mind but algebra will also be introduced as the study of abstract mathematical structures, with the study of sets, groups and vector spaces. The emphasis will remain on vector calculus and computation with matrices and tensors. Finally, rudimentary notions of probability will be studied, with statistics being covered in laboratory sessions. The module will conclude by introducing functions of several variables & their partial derivatives, to be revisited again on next year.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:markov-chain.png|300px|A matrix equation (for Markov chains)]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mechanics (4MM012) ===<br />
<br />
Mechanics is the epitome of physics: it describes and explains the behaviour of physical objects around us, from falling apples to orbiting planets. The first great achievement of Physics as a Science was Newton's understanding that the same laws describe both. The wide range of physical phenomena that can be explained from the laws of classical mechanics makes it a pillar of virtually all other scientific fields. This makes this topic one of the oldest and largest subjects in science, engineering and technology. The module will concentrate on Newtonian mechanics as an introduction to the methods and thinking of a physicist. It will also expand on this classical material to introduce more advanced ideas and concepts of Mechanics, including fluid mechanics, applied mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics. The other branch of mechanics, quantum mechanics, will be studied in a different module. The module will thus focus on the study of the motion of classical bodies and teach how to calculate in various reference frames their position, velocity and acceleration as a function of time under the action of applied forces, with applications to projectiles, astronomical bodies and macroscopic rigid bodies. Important concepts such as conservation laws and symmetry are introduced and studied in a plethora of variations. The dynamics of oscillators, in particular the harmonic oscillator, will be studied in great detail, with emphasis of how various terms in the equation correspond to various scenarios describing a physical object, with basic concepts such as driving and dissipation. The value and interest of exact (closed-form) solutions as compared to approximations will be highlighted.<br />
<br />
Laboratory sessions will be conducted to develop a firm grasp of Physics as an experimental and applied science, focusing on fundamentals such as the study of pendulums and springs, and reproducing pioneering experiments such as the free-falling objects of Galileo. Along with a traditional pen-and-paper approach, an introduction to fully automatised, computer-assisted modern laboratories will be given through a dynamic wireless smart-cart system.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:mini-launcher.jpg|250px|One of our mini launchers, to study the dynamics of falling bodies.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2==<br />
<br />
=== Quantum Mechanics (4AP003)===<br />
<br />
Quantum mechanics describes objects at small scales and low energies. Since our technology relies heavily on miniaturisation, quantum effects become increasingly important in the applied and engineering branches of physics. Every field of physics has its "quantum counterpart". Furthermore, quantum physics is so counter-intuitive that it makes a complete break with so-called "classical physics", even though the latter includes modern developments such as relativity that revolutionised our understanding of the nature of time and space. Being familiar with quantum concepts is not only important from the scientific viewpoint but also from cultural and philosophical point of views: from the quantum Zeno effect to Schrödinger's cat. Quantum physics is so pivotal in modern physics that some aspects of it will be studied in at all three levels of study in the BSc (Hons) Physics course.<br />
<br />
This level 4 module will introduce the problems with classical physics and the need for a paradigm change, how this was made through the concept of a wavefunction and its associated Schrödinger equation. Solving the latter on elementary cases with time-independent Hamiltonian will allow to delve into the interpretation and meaning of the theory. Its axiomatic formulation in an Hilbert space will introduce the formal and abstract aspects. The concept of quantum correlations will be introduced and contrasted to classical physics, with an introduction to the concepts leading to Bell's inequalities. Special emphasis will be given to applications of quantum physics and how it promises another technology revolution for the coming decades. The module will conclude on the two-body problem in quantum mechanics, introducing the notion of bosons and fermions.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:wavefunction.png|350px|The quantum wavefunction.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electromagnetism 1 (4AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is a Science of "unification", striving to find general fundamental principles that explain the largest possible extent of observed phenomena with the simplest set of physical laws. In this respect, electromagnetism is the standard theory that led to the unification of two important branches of physics: electricity and magnetism. Its further extension led to the "standard model" of particle physics. This level 4 module will bring us toward the culmination of the theory, namely Maxwell's equations, through preparatory study of vector calculus and in-depth separate analyses of the electric and magnetic fields. This will create familiarity with the respective phenomenology that are of considerable importance for the subject of applied physics. These phenomenon fall under the denomination of electrostatic (the science of electric charges) and magnetostatic (the science of magnets). Special emphasis will be given to electronic circuits as an applied illustration of important concepts of electrodynamics, and to support the laboratory sessions that will focus on these aspects.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:electrostatics.png|350px|One of our electrostatic kit, including a giant capacitor and Faraday ice pail.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Scientific Computing (4AP006)===<br />
<br />
With the advent and generalisation of computers, Science has taken a new turn. It is now possible to make breakthrough discoveries or reach record-breaking calculations with a standard home computer. Whilst this influences all of the Sciences, Physics is particularly affected since a physical problem is often reduced to solving an equation, which can usually be done numerically. The unique skillsets of Physicists in adapting computer resources to the wide variety of their problems make them highly sought in numerous areas extraneous to their speciality, such as in finance and banking, where they have proven to be the most versatile, resourceful and able users of computer simulations. Since numerical methods are a considerable resource, that will prove useful whatever the future occupation of any physicist will be, the topic will be studied throughout the course. <br />
<br />
This module will first introduce the use of computer resources in networking systems. The unix/linux-based scientific computing environment will be introduced for its scripting features, data processing tools as well as for the standard scientific document typesetting system (LaTeX). This environment will contribute to applications for the Enterprise and Employability Award through content-based rather than look-focused approach in setting up a resume, motivation letter and writting an application, and later for the preparation of Research-level scientific reports for the laboratory experiments. <br />
The module will then introduce basic algorithms and teach elementary numerical methods such as solving sets of linear equations, methods of interpolation, finding roots of nonlinear equations, evaluating integrals and will introduce direct methods for solving ordinary differential equations. The modules will be intensively based on laboratory sessions and practical work and will also teach the necessary programming skills. To endow the student with modern and powerful tools, the course will be taught in the Python programming language, which is a high-level language fairly easy to learn and affording great code readability. This will form a good starting point for development of other programming languages that will be needed on the professional market (where Python is also highly sought). It allows for interacting programming through ipython and Jupyter that is of great pedagogical value. All of these resources are open sources so students can study and apply their knowledge outside of the university.<br />
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<center>[[File:ipynb_flat.png|350px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Second Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Electromagnetism 2 (5AP001)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the material studied in the 4AP004-Electromagnetism I, which concluded with the presentation of Maxwell's equations, brought together by separate studies of electric and magnetic phenomena. This level 5 module combines the equations, adding the one final piece brought by Maxwell, and show how this complete description of the time-and-space varying electromagnetic field opens a whole new realm of physical phenomena and applications. The module will show in particular how light emerges out of the equations and, remarkably, how the speed of light in a vacuum arises as a universal constant that is dependent only on the electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space. It will study light's propagation subsequent to its radiation by a source, a problem known as "electrodynamics". The study of light's interaction with matter will allow to revisit one's knowledge of optics from a more fundamental point of view and better appreciate the hierarchy of the subfields of physics. Intensive laboratory sessions will provide insights through a variety of microwave experiments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:microwave-setup.png|350px|One of our kits to explore microwaves.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Solid State Physics (5AP002)===<br />
<br />
Solid state physics is an introduction to condensed matter physics, within which you will study the particular topic of widest interest: that of rigid matter. This topic is both better understood and of greatest practical use for technology and industry, the bulk of which relies on a particular types of solids—semiconductors—that provide the bulk material for electronic devices. Solid state physics considers how large-scale properties of solids arise from fundamental phenomena taking place in crystalline ordering of densely packed atoms. It is a rich and fruitful field that illustrates how simple ideas lead to extremely complex behaviours when involving many-body physics. It also brings together various subfields of physics, from classical to quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistics, to this playground and considers how various phenomena have different origins or, in contrast, stem from a combination of several disciplines. This develops the ability to explain something out of a simple model. Solid state physics focuses on the mechanical (e.g., hardness and elasticity), thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of crystals. This module will describe all these aspects in details with a joint theoretical description in class and laboratory experimentation, contrasting different types of solids as probed through these various characteristics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:diamagnetism.png|300px|Diamagnetism.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematical Methods (5AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will strengthen the mathematical apparatus required to support the increasing knowledge and depth of description of the physical phenomena, now extending to functions of several variables and their associated partial differential equations. Calculus of vector field will also be covered in parallel through the Electromagnism II module. Complex analysis will extend calculus to the case of complex functions of complex variables, showing the stronger notion of derivatives through the CauchyRiemann's theorem and the notion of analycity. The module will then starts a paradigm shift towards providing the "Mathematical Methods" which are useful in physics, that consist of specialized techniques and tools from a given Mathematical discipline, that the physicist does not usually need to know in its entirety. Finally, the study of dynamical systems will be studied with some emphasis on applications for Physics (bistability and hysteresis of nonlinear oscillators, laser thresholds, Liénard systems, relaxation oscillations, etc.) <br />
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<center>[[File:duffing-attractor.png|300px|The Duffing attractor, an example of a dynamical system.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics (5AP004) ===<br />
<br />
The unit to measure the "number of things", the mole, is unfathomably large, of the order of $10^{23}$ objects. In such conditions, describing a mole of, say, a gas, seems a daunting task, given the sheer amount of underlying constituents that interact between each other. It is one insight of thermodynamics and statistical physics that such complex objects can however be described, essentially completely and exactly with only a few variables. In fact, the larger the number of objects, the more accurate the description. An important illustration is the case of thermodynamics, the science of heat-flow and its relation to work, that is such a macroscopic consequence of statistical (and quantum) mechanics. An understanding of thermal physics is crucial, not only to modern physics, but also to chemistry, biology, computer science and, of course, several subfields of engineering. The module introduces key notions of statistical mechanics, with a strong emphasis on thermodynamics, but surveying also the other fields of interest for Physics, namely, solid state physics, optics and also complex systems.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:blackbody-radiation.png|350px|Our setup to measure blackbody radiation.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Quantum Physics (5AP005) ===<br />
<br />
This level 5 module on quantum mechanics will first extend the theory to a three-dimensional setting, taking advantage of a now better familiarity with more advanced mathematical tools, and then turn to applications of the theory to various cases and concepts of applied interest, including the description of the fundamental, and most common, atom in the universe: hydrogen. It will be shown how quantum mechanics explains the empirically observed spectroscopic lines of this and other chemical compounds. The physics of spin will be studied in detail, considering problems such as the dynamics of an electron in a magnetic field, already studied in the electromagnetism modules, being revisited here by the quantum theory. The addition of angular momenta will provide an opportunity to play with quantum algebra and see how quantum numbers behave in an unfamiliar fashion that requires much practice to be acquainted with. Useful and important computational techniques will be studied, such as perturbation theory, to provide a finer description of the hydrogen atom, or the variational principle, to study the molecule of Helium. Other techniques, such as the WKB approximation, adiabatic approximation, etc., will prepare the student for advanced use of the quantum theory in the description and understanding of the most contemporary systems and problems of modern physics, to be fully unravelled at level 6.<br />
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<center>[[File:sphericalharmonics.jpg|420px|Spherical harmonics describing the hydrogen atom.]]</center><br />
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=== Numerical Methods (5AP006)===<br />
<br />
This module will, in line with the expertise now acquired in the other disciplines of Physics, provide the tools to solve numerical problems that are time-dependent, in particular those involving fields. Concrete problems that arise from other modules, such as solving the heat equation in nontrivial geometries, computing a flow with various models and approximations, propagating a complex wavefunction or solving Maxwell equations, will be brought to the computer and studied there numerically, with emphasis on notions such as stability and convergence. This module will also provide a first experience with research-type problems involving the student's own analysis and judgement, to direct the most promising directions for further exploration.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:numerical-methods-level5.png|350px|Comparisons of various numerical methods.]]</center><br />
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= Third Year (Level 6) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Condensed Matter Physics (6AP001) ===<br />
<br />
Condensed matter physics describes the wide variety of condensed phases of matter, including, but not limited to, the most familiar forms that are the liquid and solid states, whose dedicated study makes a topic of its own. Indeed, condensed matter extends to more exotic phases such as glasses, liquid crystals, quasi-crystals, plasmas, (anti)ferromagnets or non-Newtonian fluids (that change their viscosity or flow behaviour under stress), to name a few. Condensed matter also describes fundamental states of matter ruled by quantum phenomena, including Bose-Einstein condensates, superconductors that conduct electricity without losses, and superfluids that flow without resistance. As such, condensed matter relies extensively on a combination of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics. It is an advanced topic that requires a firm understanding of all these disciplines, that, when brought together, give rise to the emergence of new concepts, following Anderson's credo: "More is different". The module will cover such important modern notions of contemporary physics, including broken symmetries, order parameters and topology.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:giant-magnetoresistance.png|350px|Measurement of giant magnetoresistance.]]</center><br />
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=== Computational Physics (6AP002)===<br />
<br />
The mathematical and computational aspects of physics will be brought together in a single module to provide the tools required for the student to develop their own capacity in identifying and solving problems. Topics in Mathematics will include Fourier and Laplace analysis, variational calculus, Green functions, and Optimization. More computer-oriented topics will introduce students to the field that sits at the boundary of Physics and Mathematics and Computer Science and that emerges as a discipline of its own: known as "numerical experiments" (or "simulation experiment"). Topics in this subject will include Monte Carlo methods, theory of algorithms and some notion of complexity and information theory, as well as an introduction to parallel and distributed programming. Emphasis will be given to computational analysis of the systems studied in Condensed Matter physics module (6AP001).<br />
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<center>[[File:g2-monte-carlos.png|350px|A result of a computer experiment with photo-detection and its fit to theory.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 1 (6AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will prepare the level 6 student to undertake, under supervision, autonomous work in a University environment to produce original research. This will aid future employability, opening up the possibility to apply for a masters course or to join the most dynamic areas of the employment market place. This module will bring together all the skills developed and perfected up till now, including literature review, rapid understanding and distilling of considerable amounts of complex information, as well as a capacity to identify the required tools to tackle a problem. This first-semester module will present students with a set of problems, with various levels of laboratory, computer, and theory-based content (in most cases with a blend of all these). These problems will be discussed with a personal research-active tutor, so as to agree on a topic of mutual interest and the direction to explore. In this first stage, students will undertake a literature review and produce a scientific poster and written reports relating to research undertaken. The poster will be presented to the rest of the Physics students (including level 4 & 5 students), who will provide feedback and comments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:Quiet-zone-400x296.jpg|300px|A popular place with Researchers.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
=== Applied Physics (6AP007) ===<br />
<br />
This module on Applied Physics will apply one's knowledge of Physics into the design, engineering and development of applications and technology. In this respect, it strongly overlaps with the subject of engineering. However, while the later focuses on making things work, applied physics focuses on how and why things works. Applied physics can be of a purely theoretical character, and some of the most important open problems of physics are precisely of this type, e.g., how to make a superconductor at room temperature; or how does unconventional superconductivity, that seems a road towards this goal, work?; or what other mechanisms could one imagine to explore other way to reach that goal? This module will, nevertheless, be strongly laboratory-based. It will cover a large breadth of advanced topics in optics and electronics and how they can be used to implement various types of devices. It will also build foundations and material for research-oriented work, to be undertaken as part of this year's study or in preparation for one's future career. Topics will range from the study of advanced optics and electronics, laser beams, liquid crystals, semiconductor heterostructures, metamaterials, opto-electronic devices, photonics, nonlinear and ultrafast optics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:diffraction.png|400px|Our setup for diffraction and Fourier Optics experiments.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Quantum Optics (6AP008)===<br />
<br />
This last module on quantum physics will quantize the electromagnetic field to reach the most successful Physical theory, that which inspired the so-called "standard model" of particle physics, namely, quantum electrodynamics. We will stay at a non-relativistic and more applied level to study a sub-field known as "quantum optics", which describes interactions of light and matter at the microscopic level. The underlying concepts are important to describe basic phenomenology such as blackbody radiation or the photo-electric effect, which started the whole field of quantum physics. More generally, they are also of increasing importance for the design of contemporary light-based technology, known as "photonics", increasingly at the edge of the fundamental barrier of dealing with a few or single particles. This would allow the implementation of quantum information processing, for which quantum optics is one of the most actively investigated platforms. Laboratory experiments will accompany this module, to bring students in contacts with single particles and their quantum behaviour, now dealt with at a concrete and applied level. Theoretically, an overview will be given of the more advanced material needed at the research-level in several areas of condensed matter physics, namely, quantum field theory.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photoelectric.png|350px|One of our setup to detect single photons.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 2 (6AP009)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the "Research 1" module (6AP003), engaging students in active research related to an identified problem. A weekly meeting will bring together the student and their personal research-active tutor, and/or the rest of the class, to describe progress, ideas, problems and difficulties and, if applicable, results. At the end of the module, the student will provide i) a 15 minutes oral presentation in conference style, in front of a panel of referees who will ask questions on the research results, and a ii) written report in the form and style of a research article. In case of valuable results in a nontrivial problem, the latter will be submitted for publication and evaluated by research peers beyond the walls of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:prl-2017.png|300px|The portal of Phys. Rev. Lett.]]</center></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_BSc&diff=927Physics BSc2019-02-20T11:30:00Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Timetable */</p>
<hr />
<div>While most of the fastly moving, dynamically changing things happen in Canvas on a lecture per lecture basis, this webspace hosts the slower action that takes place at the deeper level, involving all the courses together. You should be pointed to it whenever your visit will be needed, but feel free to come back any time to consult any item of interest or see if things happen unnoticed.<br />
<br />
Useful links:<br />
<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/Academic_Calendar_2018-19.pdf Academic calendar 2018-19].<br />
* [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/ Timetables for modules] (or directly to [http://www3.wlv.ac.uk/timetable/module_1.asp?previous=0 the modules]).<br />
* [https://www.wlv.ac.uk/current-students/examinations--timetabling-/university-rooms/ Rooms].<br />
<br />
= Teaching Staff =<br />
<br />
Our [[Fabrice|head of group]] is the Director of Studies for Physics at the University, with responsibility for the success and well-being of all the enrolled students. Our group is the core component of the Physics course at the [[University of Wolverhampton]], delivering teaching at, so far, level 3, 4 and 5. Other courses are provided by the [https://www.wlv.ac.uk/about-us/our-schools-and-institutes/faculty-of-science-and-engineering/school-of-mathematics-and-computer-science/ Schools of Mathematics & Computer Science].<br />
<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:picture-fabrice.jpeg|Prof. Dr. Fabrice Laussy.<br>[https://goo.gl/yYRqJK web] - [mailto:fabrice.laussy@gmail.com mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 322270<br />
File:Gascoyne_profile_photo2.jpg|Dr. Andrew Gascoyne<br>[https://goo.gl/hFf752 web] - [mailto:A.D.Gascoyne@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 518576<br />
File:camilo-portrait-squared.jpg|Juan Camilo {{lopezcarreno}}<br>[https://goo.gl/Xcok5V web] -[mailto:juclopezca@gmail.com mail].<br />
File:TamaraNevill.png|Tamara Nevill<br>[https://goo.gl/387LiU web] - [mailto:T.Nevill@wlv.ac.uk mail] <br>tel:&nbsp;01902 321859<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
Our Academic Coach is Sarah Zacharek – [mailto:sarah.zacharek@wlv.ac.uk sarah.zacharek@wlv.ac.uk]. Please contact Sarah for support with problems which do not have a physics flavour.<br />
<br />
= Lectures =<br />
== Level 3 ==<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [[Foundation degree|Foundation Year Physics]] by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures) & J.C. {{lopezcarreno}} (Lectures, Tutorials & labs).<br />
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== Level 4 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/11821 Optics] by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures & labs) & J.C. {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials & labs).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/13522 Mechanics] by Dr. A. Gascoyne.<br />
* Mathematics for Physicists by T. Nevill.<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/14621 Electromagnetism] I by J.C. {{lopezcarreno}}<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/14620 Quantum mechanics] by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures & labs) & J.C. {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials & labs)<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/9395 Scientific computing] by Dr. A. Gascoyne<br />
<br />
== Level 5 ==<br />
<br />
=== Semester 1 ===<br />
<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/13562 Electromagnetism II] by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures & labs) & J.C. {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials & labs).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/13563 Solid State Physics] by J.C. {{lopezcarreno}} (Lectures & tutorials) and Prof. F. P. Laussy (labs).<br />
* [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/courses/13564 Mathematical Methods] by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures) & J.C. {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials).<br />
<br />
=== Semester 2 ===<br />
<br />
* Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics, by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures & labs) & J.C. {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials & labs).<br />
* Quantum Physics, by Prof. F.P. Laussy (Lectures & labs) & J.C. {{lopezcarreno}} (Tutorials & labs).<br />
* Numerical Methods, Dr. A. Gascoyne.<br />
<br />
= Timetable =<br />
<center>[[File:Screenshot 2019-02-20 at 11.29.16.png|700px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Cohorts =<br />
<br />
Each cohort of Physicists in Wolverhampton gets named after an important physicist who changed his field, despite an off-the-beaten-track academic trajectory, in line with our own objectives and aspirations.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
<gallery heights=200px><br />
File:hanbury-brown.jpg|[[Hanbury Brown cohort]] (2017-2019)|link=[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]<br />
File:Jaynes.jpg|[[Jaynes cohort]]<br> (2018-2020)|link=[[Jaynes cohort]]<br />
</gallery><br />
</center><br />
<br />
Our first Physics generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Hanbury Brown cohort]]''', named after the least conventional, most brilliant and greatest outsider physicist of the 20th century, in line with our seminal Physics course that is making a pioneering journey into a new branch of the University.<br />
<br />
Our second Physics generation of Wulfrunian physicists is the '''[[Jaynes cohort]]''', named after the out-of-the-box thinking theorist who challenged the Copenhagen interpretation with his celebrated Jaynes-Cumming model. Also a passionate university teacher, our tribute reminds us of our mission to bring together the best Physics in the classroom and in the literature.<br />
<br />
= Our Approach =<br />
<br />
Our approach strongly relies on modern pedagogical philosophy, based on active learning. More specifically, we echo at the local scale of our school the structure of science as it unravels at the top level. That is to say, we value notions such as collaborations (peer-teaching), various types of dissemination (oral and written, posters, short presentations), all to be archived as a scientific journal would do of its original content. In particular, we use research-led and research-based teaching, getting up to the standard of professional science right from the beginning and involving elements of ongoing research, to keep our students at the edges of things, at the same time as we bring them there from the very beginning of any standard high education, that is to say, from textbook material and the conventional academic content (Newtonian mechanics, optics, programming languages, etc.) As they explore these classics, the students apply research methods of self-examination, critical queries, actively working with the topics, rather than undertaking a passive exposure and working out exercises that usually consists in repeating a particular case. In the peer-teaching approach, students critically evaluate each other's works. All these approaches, always in some dose along others, are monitored to contribute to the state of the art of pedagogical research in physics education.<br />
<br />
The syllabus of the overall course reads as follow. You can find more course-specific content on [https://canvas.wlv.ac.uk/ Canvas] (you need to complete your module registration on [https://smsweb.wlv.ac.uk/urd/sits.urd/run/siw_lgn e:Vision] to access them).<br />
<br />
= First Year (Level 4) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
<br />
=== Optics (4AP001)===<br />
<br />
Optics is the Science of light. As our most privileged human contact with the surrounding world is through the eye, optics has always been a central topic in our description of the observable universe. Light is also one of the key technological resources with practical applications found in a variety of technologies and everyday objects, including mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, lasers and fibre optics. Because light is a particular type of electromagnetic waves (with frequencies close to those visible to the naked eye), optical phenomena are just a branch of classical electromagnetism. The full theory is so large however and this particular type is so important that it comes as topic of its own. The module will study two aspects of light: as rays (geometrical optics) and as waves (physical optics). The emphasis will be on geometrical optics with detailed study of optical instrumentation and their applications (magnifiers, cameras, microscope and telescopes, including human vision) in both the classroom and through laboratory sessions. The most important notions of physical optics that provide a more general framework to optical phenomena and prepare more advanced applications, such as interferometry, polarization and diffractive-optics, will be studied at a more introductory level. The module will also survey some advanced notions of photonics in the modern applications of light: the use of lasers, optical detectors, waveguides, fibers and devices for imaging, display and storage, to complete this first outlook on light.<br />
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<center>[[File:interferometer.jpg|350px|One of our interferometers, to study Michelson interferences.]]</center><br />
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=== Mathematics (4MM011) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is an exact science and is articulated, even in its most applied and experimental aspects, through mathematics of various types and levels. Mathematics will therefore be a topic that will be studied in all years of the BSc (Hons) Physics course, to develop skills to enter employment fully armed with modern mathematical and numerical methods. The first year will refresh previous knowledge, in particular of calculus (of real and complex numbers), and move on from there to introduce basic real analysis (functions of one variable, trigonometry) assuring a working knowledge of integration and derivation. The bulk of the module will be on i) the theory of ordinary differential equations and ii) linear algebra. Both will be studied with practical considerations in mind but algebra will also be introduced as the study of abstract mathematical structures, with the study of sets, groups and vector spaces. The emphasis will remain on vector calculus and computation with matrices and tensors. Finally, rudimentary notions of probability will be studied, with statistics being covered in laboratory sessions. The module will conclude by introducing functions of several variables & their partial derivatives, to be revisited again on next year.<br />
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<center>[[File:markov-chain.png|300px|A matrix equation (for Markov chains)]]</center><br />
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=== Mechanics (4MM012) ===<br />
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Mechanics is the epitome of physics: it describes and explains the behaviour of physical objects around us, from falling apples to orbiting planets. The first great achievement of Physics as a Science was Newton's understanding that the same laws describe both. The wide range of physical phenomena that can be explained from the laws of classical mechanics makes it a pillar of virtually all other scientific fields. This makes this topic one of the oldest and largest subjects in science, engineering and technology. The module will concentrate on Newtonian mechanics as an introduction to the methods and thinking of a physicist. It will also expand on this classical material to introduce more advanced ideas and concepts of Mechanics, including fluid mechanics, applied mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics. The other branch of mechanics, quantum mechanics, will be studied in a different module. The module will thus focus on the study of the motion of classical bodies and teach how to calculate in various reference frames their position, velocity and acceleration as a function of time under the action of applied forces, with applications to projectiles, astronomical bodies and macroscopic rigid bodies. Important concepts such as conservation laws and symmetry are introduced and studied in a plethora of variations. The dynamics of oscillators, in particular the harmonic oscillator, will be studied in great detail, with emphasis of how various terms in the equation correspond to various scenarios describing a physical object, with basic concepts such as driving and dissipation. The value and interest of exact (closed-form) solutions as compared to approximations will be highlighted.<br />
<br />
Laboratory sessions will be conducted to develop a firm grasp of Physics as an experimental and applied science, focusing on fundamentals such as the study of pendulums and springs, and reproducing pioneering experiments such as the free-falling objects of Galileo. Along with a traditional pen-and-paper approach, an introduction to fully automatised, computer-assisted modern laboratories will be given through a dynamic wireless smart-cart system.<br />
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<center>[[File:mini-launcher.jpg|250px|One of our mini launchers, to study the dynamics of falling bodies.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2==<br />
<br />
=== Quantum Mechanics (4AP003)===<br />
<br />
Quantum mechanics describes objects at small scales and low energies. Since our technology relies heavily on miniaturisation, quantum effects become increasingly important in the applied and engineering branches of physics. Every field of physics has its "quantum counterpart". Furthermore, quantum physics is so counter-intuitive that it makes a complete break with so-called "classical physics", even though the latter includes modern developments such as relativity that revolutionised our understanding of the nature of time and space. Being familiar with quantum concepts is not only important from the scientific viewpoint but also from cultural and philosophical point of views: from the quantum Zeno effect to Schrödinger's cat. Quantum physics is so pivotal in modern physics that some aspects of it will be studied in at all three levels of study in the BSc (Hons) Physics course.<br />
<br />
This level 4 module will introduce the problems with classical physics and the need for a paradigm change, how this was made through the concept of a wavefunction and its associated Schrödinger equation. Solving the latter on elementary cases with time-independent Hamiltonian will allow to delve into the interpretation and meaning of the theory. Its axiomatic formulation in an Hilbert space will introduce the formal and abstract aspects. The concept of quantum correlations will be introduced and contrasted to classical physics, with an introduction to the concepts leading to Bell's inequalities. Special emphasis will be given to applications of quantum physics and how it promises another technology revolution for the coming decades. The module will conclude on the two-body problem in quantum mechanics, introducing the notion of bosons and fermions.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:wavefunction.png|350px|The quantum wavefunction.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Electromagnetism 1 (4AP004) ===<br />
<br />
Physics is a Science of "unification", striving to find general fundamental principles that explain the largest possible extent of observed phenomena with the simplest set of physical laws. In this respect, electromagnetism is the standard theory that led to the unification of two important branches of physics: electricity and magnetism. Its further extension led to the "standard model" of particle physics. This level 4 module will bring us toward the culmination of the theory, namely Maxwell's equations, through preparatory study of vector calculus and in-depth separate analyses of the electric and magnetic fields. This will create familiarity with the respective phenomenology that are of considerable importance for the subject of applied physics. These phenomenon fall under the denomination of electrostatic (the science of electric charges) and magnetostatic (the science of magnets). Special emphasis will be given to electronic circuits as an applied illustration of important concepts of electrodynamics, and to support the laboratory sessions that will focus on these aspects.<br />
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<center>[[File:electrostatics.png|350px|One of our electrostatic kit, including a giant capacitor and Faraday ice pail.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Scientific Computing (4AP006)===<br />
<br />
With the advent and generalisation of computers, Science has taken a new turn. It is now possible to make breakthrough discoveries or reach record-breaking calculations with a standard home computer. Whilst this influences all of the Sciences, Physics is particularly affected since a physical problem is often reduced to solving an equation, which can usually be done numerically. The unique skillsets of Physicists in adapting computer resources to the wide variety of their problems make them highly sought in numerous areas extraneous to their speciality, such as in finance and banking, where they have proven to be the most versatile, resourceful and able users of computer simulations. Since numerical methods are a considerable resource, that will prove useful whatever the future occupation of any physicist will be, the topic will be studied throughout the course. <br />
<br />
This module will first introduce the use of computer resources in networking systems. The unix/linux-based scientific computing environment will be introduced for its scripting features, data processing tools as well as for the standard scientific document typesetting system (LaTeX). This environment will contribute to applications for the Enterprise and Employability Award through content-based rather than look-focused approach in setting up a resume, motivation letter and writting an application, and later for the preparation of Research-level scientific reports for the laboratory experiments. <br />
The module will then introduce basic algorithms and teach elementary numerical methods such as solving sets of linear equations, methods of interpolation, finding roots of nonlinear equations, evaluating integrals and will introduce direct methods for solving ordinary differential equations. The modules will be intensively based on laboratory sessions and practical work and will also teach the necessary programming skills. To endow the student with modern and powerful tools, the course will be taught in the Python programming language, which is a high-level language fairly easy to learn and affording great code readability. This will form a good starting point for development of other programming languages that will be needed on the professional market (where Python is also highly sought). It allows for interacting programming through ipython and Jupyter that is of great pedagogical value. All of these resources are open sources so students can study and apply their knowledge outside of the university.<br />
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<center>[[File:ipynb_flat.png|350px]]</center><br />
<br />
= Second Year (Level 5) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Electromagnetism 2 (5AP001)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the material studied in the 4AP004-Electromagnetism I, which concluded with the presentation of Maxwell's equations, brought together by separate studies of electric and magnetic phenomena. This level 5 module combines the equations, adding the one final piece brought by Maxwell, and show how this complete description of the time-and-space varying electromagnetic field opens a whole new realm of physical phenomena and applications. The module will show in particular how light emerges out of the equations and, remarkably, how the speed of light in a vacuum arises as a universal constant that is dependent only on the electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space. It will study light's propagation subsequent to its radiation by a source, a problem known as "electrodynamics". The study of light's interaction with matter will allow to revisit one's knowledge of optics from a more fundamental point of view and better appreciate the hierarchy of the subfields of physics. Intensive laboratory sessions will provide insights through a variety of microwave experiments.<br />
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<center>[[File:microwave-setup.png|350px|One of our kits to explore microwaves.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Solid State Physics (5AP002)===<br />
<br />
Solid state physics is an introduction to condensed matter physics, within which you will study the particular topic of widest interest: that of rigid matter. This topic is both better understood and of greatest practical use for technology and industry, the bulk of which relies on a particular types of solids—semiconductors—that provide the bulk material for electronic devices. Solid state physics considers how large-scale properties of solids arise from fundamental phenomena taking place in crystalline ordering of densely packed atoms. It is a rich and fruitful field that illustrates how simple ideas lead to extremely complex behaviours when involving many-body physics. It also brings together various subfields of physics, from classical to quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistics, to this playground and considers how various phenomena have different origins or, in contrast, stem from a combination of several disciplines. This develops the ability to explain something out of a simple model. Solid state physics focuses on the mechanical (e.g., hardness and elasticity), thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of crystals. This module will describe all these aspects in details with a joint theoretical description in class and laboratory experimentation, contrasting different types of solids as probed through these various characteristics.<br />
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<center>[[File:diamagnetism.png|300px|Diamagnetism.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Mathematical Methods (5AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will strengthen the mathematical apparatus required to support the increasing knowledge and depth of description of the physical phenomena, now extending to functions of several variables and their associated partial differential equations. Calculus of vector field will also be covered in parallel through the Electromagnism II module. Complex analysis will extend calculus to the case of complex functions of complex variables, showing the stronger notion of derivatives through the CauchyRiemann's theorem and the notion of analycity. The module will then starts a paradigm shift towards providing the "Mathematical Methods" which are useful in physics, that consist of specialized techniques and tools from a given Mathematical discipline, that the physicist does not usually need to know in its entirety. Finally, the study of dynamical systems will be studied with some emphasis on applications for Physics (bistability and hysteresis of nonlinear oscillators, laser thresholds, Liénard systems, relaxation oscillations, etc.) <br />
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<center>[[File:duffing-attractor.png|300px|The Duffing attractor, an example of a dynamical system.]]</center><br />
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== Semester 2 ==<br />
<br />
=== Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics (5AP004) ===<br />
<br />
The unit to measure the "number of things", the mole, is unfathomably large, of the order of $10^{23}$ objects. In such conditions, describing a mole of, say, a gas, seems a daunting task, given the sheer amount of underlying constituents that interact between each other. It is one insight of thermodynamics and statistical physics that such complex objects can however be described, essentially completely and exactly with only a few variables. In fact, the larger the number of objects, the more accurate the description. An important illustration is the case of thermodynamics, the science of heat-flow and its relation to work, that is such a macroscopic consequence of statistical (and quantum) mechanics. An understanding of thermal physics is crucial, not only to modern physics, but also to chemistry, biology, computer science and, of course, several subfields of engineering. The module introduces key notions of statistical mechanics, with a strong emphasis on thermodynamics, but surveying also the other fields of interest for Physics, namely, solid state physics, optics and also complex systems.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:blackbody-radiation.png|350px|Our setup to measure blackbody radiation.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Quantum Physics (5AP005) ===<br />
<br />
This level 5 module on quantum mechanics will first extend the theory to a three-dimensional setting, taking advantage of a now better familiarity with more advanced mathematical tools, and then turn to applications of the theory to various cases and concepts of applied interest, including the description of the fundamental, and most common, atom in the universe: hydrogen. It will be shown how quantum mechanics explains the empirically observed spectroscopic lines of this and other chemical compounds. The physics of spin will be studied in detail, considering problems such as the dynamics of an electron in a magnetic field, already studied in the electromagnetism modules, being revisited here by the quantum theory. The addition of angular momenta will provide an opportunity to play with quantum algebra and see how quantum numbers behave in an unfamiliar fashion that requires much practice to be acquainted with. Useful and important computational techniques will be studied, such as perturbation theory, to provide a finer description of the hydrogen atom, or the variational principle, to study the molecule of Helium. Other techniques, such as the WKB approximation, adiabatic approximation, etc., will prepare the student for advanced use of the quantum theory in the description and understanding of the most contemporary systems and problems of modern physics, to be fully unravelled at level 6.<br />
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<center>[[File:sphericalharmonics.jpg|420px|Spherical harmonics describing the hydrogen atom.]]</center><br />
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=== Numerical Methods (5AP006)===<br />
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This module will, in line with the expertise now acquired in the other disciplines of Physics, provide the tools to solve numerical problems that are time-dependent, in particular those involving fields. Concrete problems that arise from other modules, such as solving the heat equation in nontrivial geometries, computing a flow with various models and approximations, propagating a complex wavefunction or solving Maxwell equations, will be brought to the computer and studied there numerically, with emphasis on notions such as stability and convergence. This module will also provide a first experience with research-type problems involving the student's own analysis and judgement, to direct the most promising directions for further exploration.<br />
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<center>[[File:numerical-methods-level5.png|350px|Comparisons of various numerical methods.]]</center><br />
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= Third Year (Level 6) =<br />
== Semester 1 ==<br />
=== Condensed Matter Physics (6AP001) ===<br />
<br />
Condensed matter physics describes the wide variety of condensed phases of matter, including, but not limited to, the most familiar forms that are the liquid and solid states, whose dedicated study makes a topic of its own. Indeed, condensed matter extends to more exotic phases such as glasses, liquid crystals, quasi-crystals, plasmas, (anti)ferromagnets or non-Newtonian fluids (that change their viscosity or flow behaviour under stress), to name a few. Condensed matter also describes fundamental states of matter ruled by quantum phenomena, including Bose-Einstein condensates, superconductors that conduct electricity without losses, and superfluids that flow without resistance. As such, condensed matter relies extensively on a combination of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics. It is an advanced topic that requires a firm understanding of all these disciplines, that, when brought together, give rise to the emergence of new concepts, following Anderson's credo: "More is different". The module will cover such important modern notions of contemporary physics, including broken symmetries, order parameters and topology.<br />
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<center>[[File:giant-magnetoresistance.png|350px|Measurement of giant magnetoresistance.]]</center><br />
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=== Computational Physics (6AP002)===<br />
<br />
The mathematical and computational aspects of physics will be brought together in a single module to provide the tools required for the student to develop their own capacity in identifying and solving problems. Topics in Mathematics will include Fourier and Laplace analysis, variational calculus, Green functions, and Optimization. More computer-oriented topics will introduce students to the field that sits at the boundary of Physics and Mathematics and Computer Science and that emerges as a discipline of its own: known as "numerical experiments" (or "simulation experiment"). Topics in this subject will include Monte Carlo methods, theory of algorithms and some notion of complexity and information theory, as well as an introduction to parallel and distributed programming. Emphasis will be given to computational analysis of the systems studied in Condensed Matter physics module (6AP001).<br />
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<center>[[File:g2-monte-carlos.png|350px|A result of a computer experiment with photo-detection and its fit to theory.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 1 (6AP003)===<br />
<br />
This module will prepare the level 6 student to undertake, under supervision, autonomous work in a University environment to produce original research. This will aid future employability, opening up the possibility to apply for a masters course or to join the most dynamic areas of the employment market place. This module will bring together all the skills developed and perfected up till now, including literature review, rapid understanding and distilling of considerable amounts of complex information, as well as a capacity to identify the required tools to tackle a problem. This first-semester module will present students with a set of problems, with various levels of laboratory, computer, and theory-based content (in most cases with a blend of all these). These problems will be discussed with a personal research-active tutor, so as to agree on a topic of mutual interest and the direction to explore. In this first stage, students will undertake a literature review and produce a scientific poster and written reports relating to research undertaken. The poster will be presented to the rest of the Physics students (including level 4 & 5 students), who will provide feedback and comments.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:Quiet-zone-400x296.jpg|300px|A popular place with Researchers.]]</center><br />
<br />
== Semester 2 ==<br />
=== Applied Physics (6AP007) ===<br />
<br />
This module on Applied Physics will apply one's knowledge of Physics into the design, engineering and development of applications and technology. In this respect, it strongly overlaps with the subject of engineering. However, while the later focuses on making things work, applied physics focuses on how and why things works. Applied physics can be of a purely theoretical character, and some of the most important open problems of physics are precisely of this type, e.g., how to make a superconductor at room temperature; or how does unconventional superconductivity, that seems a road towards this goal, work?; or what other mechanisms could one imagine to explore other way to reach that goal? This module will, nevertheless, be strongly laboratory-based. It will cover a large breadth of advanced topics in optics and electronics and how they can be used to implement various types of devices. It will also build foundations and material for research-oriented work, to be undertaken as part of this year's study or in preparation for one's future career. Topics will range from the study of advanced optics and electronics, laser beams, liquid crystals, semiconductor heterostructures, metamaterials, opto-electronic devices, photonics, nonlinear and ultrafast optics.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:diffraction.png|400px|Our setup for diffraction and Fourier Optics experiments.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Quantum Optics (6AP008)===<br />
<br />
This last module on quantum physics will quantize the electromagnetic field to reach the most successful Physical theory, that which inspired the so-called "standard model" of particle physics, namely, quantum electrodynamics. We will stay at a non-relativistic and more applied level to study a sub-field known as "quantum optics", which describes interactions of light and matter at the microscopic level. The underlying concepts are important to describe basic phenomenology such as blackbody radiation or the photo-electric effect, which started the whole field of quantum physics. More generally, they are also of increasing importance for the design of contemporary light-based technology, known as "photonics", increasingly at the edge of the fundamental barrier of dealing with a few or single particles. This would allow the implementation of quantum information processing, for which quantum optics is one of the most actively investigated platforms. Laboratory experiments will accompany this module, to bring students in contacts with single particles and their quantum behaviour, now dealt with at a concrete and applied level. Theoretically, an overview will be given of the more advanced material needed at the research-level in several areas of condensed matter physics, namely, quantum field theory.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photoelectric.png|350px|One of our setup to detect single photons.]]</center><br />
<br />
=== Research 2 (6AP009)===<br />
<br />
This module builds upon the "Research 1" module (6AP003), engaging students in active research related to an identified problem. A weekly meeting will bring together the student and their personal research-active tutor, and/or the rest of the class, to describe progress, ideas, problems and difficulties and, if applicable, results. At the end of the module, the student will provide i) a 15 minutes oral presentation in conference style, in front of a panel of referees who will ask questions on the research results, and a ii) written report in the form and style of a research article. In case of valuable results in a nontrivial problem, the latter will be submitted for publication and evaluated by research peers beyond the walls of the university.<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:prl-2017.png|300px|The portal of Phys. Rev. Lett.]]</center></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=File:Screenshot_2019-02-20_at_11.29.16.png&diff=926File:Screenshot 2019-02-20 at 11.29.16.png2019-02-20T11:29:47Z<p>Juancamilo: File uploaded with MsUpload</p>
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<div>File uploaded with MsUpload</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=File:2018-19-physics-calendar-sem2.png&diff=925File:2018-19-physics-calendar-sem2.png2019-02-20T11:28:27Z<p>Juancamilo: File uploaded with MsUpload</p>
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<div>File uploaded with MsUpload</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=News&diff=924News2019-02-07T16:08:41Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Timeline */</p>
<hr />
<div>= News =<br />
<br />
(''News'' that are not new anymore become part of the timeline)<br />
<br />
<!--* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] December 11, We talk about ''Sounds'' at the Christmas Lecture, in the Arena Theatre.--><br />
<!--* [[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]] August 19, '''[[Physics Day]]''' at the [[UoW]]: come and learn about lasers, $\gamma$ rays and technologies of the future, and what the UoW has to offer you in some of the most fascinating aspects of sciences. Everybody welcome.<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] September (2018): Fabrice gets invited to the [https://metanano.ifmo.ru/ METANANO-2018] in Sochi, Russia.--><br />
<br />
= Timeline =<br />
<br />
(We're day {{#expr:(({{#time: U | now }}-{{#time: U | 2017-01-07 }})/(86400) round 0)}} today)<br />
<br />
* Day 762 {{day|7|2|2019}}, our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.057401 ''Quasichiral Interactions between Quantum Emitters at the Nanoscale''] is published in ''Physical Review Letters''.<br />
<center> [[File:downing19a-cover.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 757 {{day|02|2|2019}}, We welcome the public at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 749 {{day|25|1|2019}}, new research available at [https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.09030 arXiv:1901.09030] on conventional & unconventional photon statistics.<br />
<center>[[File:motherpaper-split.png|700px]]</center><br />
* Day 732 {{day|8|1|2019}}, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aaf68d ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''] is published in ''J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt.''<br />
<center> [[File:foquo-snapshot.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 698 {{day|5|12|2018}}, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aaf68d ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''] has been accepted for publication at ''J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt.''<br />
* Day 686 {{day|23|11|2018}}, Eduardo Zubizarreta joins our group for 10 days.<br />
* Day 680 {{day|17|11|2018}}, We welcome the public at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 670 {{day|7|11|2018}}, {{iop}} Fabrice joins the IOP branch of the West Midlands.<br />
* Day 662 {{day|30|10|2018}}, Guillermo Diaz Camacho integrates our group for two months.<br />
<center>[[File:IMG_20181105_130133550.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 656 {{day|24|10|2018}}, Fabrice gives the [[Nobel_seminar_(October_2018)|3rd]] [[Physics Seminar]].<br />
* Day 649 {{day|17|10|2018}}, Plamen Petrov gives the [[Petrov_seminar_(October_2018)|2nd]] [[Physics Seminar]].<br />
* Day 649 {{day|17|10|2018}}, The University opens a Lecturer position in Condensed Matter.<br />
* Day 648 {{day|16|10|2018}}, Fabrice is appointed external examiner of the Ph.D thesis of [https://scholar.google.dk/citations?user=d_QsZngAAAAJ&hl=en Giuseppe Buonaiuto].<br />
* Day 645 {{day|13|10|2018}}, We speak about [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6otXXet2r0 waves] at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 635 {{day|03|10|2018}}, We now have a [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVYz3Ly1pg5N5oL_w96OUXg YouTube channel].<br />
* Day 635 {{day|03|10|2018}}, We meet teachers and exhibit [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lG7wxGcZ-ns our Physics lab] for the Black Country GCSE science conference in Wolverhampton.<br />
*Day 634 {{day|02|10|2018}}, Our applet on polariton and Jaynes-Cummings Blockade is published as a [http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/PolaritonAndJaynesCummingsBlockade/ Wolfram demonstration].<br />
*Day 632 {{day|30|09|2018}}, [http://camilopez.org/wlmblog/ we now have a blog!]<br />
*Day 626 {{day|24|09|2018}}, We welcome our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists, the Jaynes cohort: welcome to Dilem, Luke, Amin, Govind, Humza, Nathaniel, Praneet, Mitchell, Joel and Dylan.<br />
*Day 621 {{day|19|09|2018}}, Fabrice graduates as the Chair of Light-Matter interactions.<br />
<center>[[File:graduation-ceremony.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
*Day 619 {{day|17|09|2018}}, Camilo joins the group as Teaching Associate (permanent).<br />
*Day 607 {{day|05|09|2018}}, The University opens a Senior Lecturer position in Quantum Physics.<br />
*Day 565, our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.047401 ''Photon-Number-Resolved Measurement of an Exciton-Polariton Condensate''] is published in Phys. Rev. Lett. and is featured in [[File:physicsAPS.png|42px|link=https://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.047401]].<br />
*Day 550, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2058-9565/aacfbe ''Joint subnatural-linewidth and single-photon emission from resonance fluorescence''] is published in Quantum Science and Technology.<br />
<center> [[File:sublime-snapshot.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 535, New reseach sibmitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.08774 ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''].<br />
*Day 521, We speak about our research at the "Annual Research Conference" at The University of Wolverhampton. <br />
<center> [[File:Camilo-ARC2018.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 497, We explore Research collaborations on "Quantum Biology" with colleagues from the Biology department.<br />
* Day 496, Andrew coordinates the school of mathematics and computer science final year project poster exhibition.<br />
<center>[[File:Andrew-Poster-May18.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 494, We explore Research collaborations on "Quantum Engineering of Light" with colleagues from the Engineering School.<br />
*Day 487, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.02959 ''Photon number-resolved measurement of an exciton-polariton condensate''].<br />
*Day 482, our paper [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-24975-y ''Frequency-resolved Monte Carlo''] is published in Scientific Reports.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-sci-rep-fremoc.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 470, We participate in the University's Open Day, talking about the polarization of light. <br />
*Day 469, our paper [http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/4/eaao6814 ''First observation of the quantized exciton-polariton field and effect of interactions on a single polariton''] is published in Science Advances.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-sci-adv.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 403, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04771 ''Joint subnatural-linewidth and single-photon emission from resonance fluorescence''].<br />
*Day 403, we submit a popular science paper about [https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04540 ''Photon correlations in both time and frequency''] to [https://quantum-journal.org/leaps/ Quantum Leaps].<br />
*Day 374, New research available: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.04779 ''Negative-mass effects in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates''].<br />
*Day 367, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.02580 ''Ultrafast topology shaping by a Rabi-oscillating vortex''].<br />
*Day 367, our paper [https://www.osapublishing.org/optica/abstract.cfm?uri=optica-5-1-14 ''Filtering multiphoton emission from state-of-the-art cavity quantum electrodynamics''] is published in Optica.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-optica-2018.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 343, We host our first poster session, on Optics, with Chloë (burning lenses), Jac (camera obscura), Robert (polarisation) and Stephanie (width of a hair) presenting their work to a large panel.<br />
<center>[[File:posters-hb2017-12-14 14.16.02.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 332, ''Topological order and thermal equilibrium in polariton condensates'' is published in Nature Materials, [https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat5039 doi:10.1038/nmat5039]<br />
* Day 316, We participate to the University's [[Open_Days#18_November_2017|Open Day]], talking about Colours and showing how they mix.<br />
* Day 299, We welcome IOP Education Dept. members from the Midlands areas and introduce them to our course of Physics.<br />
* Day 297, Fabrice [https://twitter.com/WLVsci_eng/status/925120087790686209 talks about spoons] at the Bright Club in Wolverhampton, Arena Theatre.<br />
<center>[[File:spoon-brightclub2017.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 283, Fabrice gives a talk on "Differences and similarities between classical and quantum processing units" at the University of Southampton.<br />
* Day 275, We participate to the [[World Space Week]] and launch a rocket.<br />
* Day 262, We start the first '''[[Physics course]]''' at the [[UoW]], with 6 students ([[Hanbury_Brown_cohort|Chloe, Jac, Jamie, Robert, Ryan & Stephanie]]).<br />
* Day 256, our paper ''Kinetic Monte Carlo approach to nonequilibrium bosonic systems'' by T. Liew ''et al.'' is published as [https://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.125423 Phys. Rev. B '''96''', 125423 (2017)].<br />
* Day 252, our Wolfram demonstration ''Dispersion Properties of a Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate'' is available online ([http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/DispersionPropertiesOfASpinOrbitCoupledBoseEinsteinCondensat/ play with it here]).<br />
* Day 251, our paper ''Topological order and equilibrium in a condensate of exciton-polaritons'' is accepted for publication in Nature Materials.<br />
* Day 243, our paper ''Kinetic Monte Carlo approach to nonequilibrium bosonic systems'' by T. Liew ''et al.'' is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B.<br />
* Day 235, Fabrice gives a one hour tutorial at the [https://www.nano-initiative-munich.de/events/nim-conference-on-resonator-qed-2017/ Resonator QED conference], 31 August-1 September, in Munich, Germany (and chairs the closing session).<br />
* Day 207, Our paper ''[https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201700090 Photon Correlations from the Mollow Triplet]'' is published in Laser & Photonics Review.<br />
<center>[[File:photco-cover-aug17.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 202: [http://www.ogdentrust.com/ Ogden trust]'s CEO, Clare Harvey, visits us to tread the grounds of the future playgrounds of Physics in Wolverhampton.<br />
* Day 200: Mariam and Anji join the group (with support from the [http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/ Nuffield Foundation]) to work on the characterisation of quantum sources of light from their photon emission:<br />
<center>[[File:mariam-anji-26jul2017.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 193: Fabrice gives an invited talk at the [http://light-conference.csp.escience.cn/ Light Conference 2017] in Changchun, China.<br />
* Day 192: Fabrice wins the Best Reader travel award from the Light: Science & Applications journal of the Nature publishing group.<br />
* Day 187: New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.03690 Filtering Multiphoton Emission from State-of-the-Art Cavity QED].<br />
* Day 184: Fabrice attends the [https://www2.uni-wuerzburg.de/plmcn18/ PLMCN18] in Würzburg, Germany, with an invited talk and session chairing:<br />
<center>[[File:fabrice-plmcn18.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 174: Our paper ''Photon Correlations from the Mollow Triplet'' is accepted for publication in Laser & Photonics Reviews.<br />
* Day 172: Our paper ''[http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4987023 Structure of the harmonic oscillator in the space of n-particle Glauber correlators]'' is published in the Journal of Mathematical Physics, '''58''', 062109 (2017).<br />
<center>[[File:zubizarrettacasalengua17a-cover.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 154: [http://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/105743_en.html POLAFLOW] is transferred to the UoW, with a dotation of 29,373.29€.<br />
* Day 152: Camilo arrives to Daniele Sanvitto's [http://polaritonics.weebly.com advanced photonics lab] in Lecce, Italy, to closely collaborate with our experimental colleagues.<br />
<center>[[File:Camilo-in-Lecce.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 151: Our paper ''Structure of the Harmonic Oscillator in the space of $n$-particle Glauber correlators'' is accepted for publication in the Journal of Mathematical Physics.<br />
* Day 145: New research paper submitted, "''Frequency-resolved Monte Carlo''": [https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.10978 arXiv:1705.10978].<br />
<center>[[File:ArXiv-1705.10978.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 140: Our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.215301 Macroscopic Two-Dimensional Polariton Condensates] is published in Phys. Rev. Lett. (and makes the cover of the journal):<br />
<center>[[File:PRL-coverDario.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 130: Fabrice gives an invited talk at the [http://pcs.ibs.re.kr/PCS_Workshops/PCS_Physics_of_Exciton-Polaritons_in_Artificial_Lattices.html Physics of Exciton-Polaritons in Artificial Lattices Workshop] of the Institute of Basic Science, at the Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Daejeon, South Korea. Camilo gives a contributed talk.<br />
<center>[[File:fabrice-daejeon-2017.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 125: The 2nd edition of [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/microcavities-9780198782995?cc=gb&lang=en& Microcavities] is now available.<br />
<center>[[File:Microcavities.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 123: Fabrice gives a plenary talk at the [http://www.optica.pt/aop2017/ Conference on Applications in Optics and Photonics] (AOP2017), in Faro. Camilo gives a contributed talk.<br />
<center>[[File:Fabrice-Plenary-AOP.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 117: First demonstration, with our [[Experiments with gamma rays|$\gamma$ radiosource]]: [[Inverse Square law with gamma rays, Dudley college (May 2017)|studying the inverse square law with the Dudley college]].<br />
<!--* Day 85: Our web goes live.--><br />
* Day 115: Our contributed talk "N-photon emission from resonance fluorescence" to the 18<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Physics of Light-Matter Coupling in Nanostructures ([https://www2.uni-wuerzburg.de/plmcn18/ PLMCN18]) got upgraded to an Invited Talk.<br />
* Day 113: Our paper "Macroscopic two-dimensional polariton condensates" by Ballarini ''et al.'' is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett.<br />
* Day 104: Updated version of our experiment entangling a polariton with a photon: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.01244v2 arXiv:1609.01244v2].<br />
* Day 95: New Research paper submitted, ''Photon Correlations from the Mollow triplet'': [http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.03220 arXiv:1704.03220]<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photon-correlations-snapshot-apr17.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 87: We made an [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGF_BSlc62w outreach video] for the quickly approaching Physics course. <br />
* Day 82: bits of a [[Fabrice]]'s interview pop up in an article of [[File:Le_Monde.png|100px|link=www.lemonde.fr]].<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:lemonde-march17.png.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 82: First paper published: [http://rdcu.be/qszf A new way to correlate photons] (News & Views in Nature Materials):<br />
<br />
<center>[[File: Nv-nmat-march17.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 80: [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/microcavities-9780198782995?lang=en&cc=de Microcavities]'s 2nd edition has been submitted for production.<br />
* Day 68: Our proposal "quopp" is submitted (QuantERA).<br />
* Day 46: [[Camilo]] joins the group.<br />
* Day 34: Our proposal ȹ is submitted (ERC).<br />
* Day 7: First talk (for the [http://quantumdot.iopconfs.org/home UK Quantum Dot day] of the IOP).<br />
<br />
<center>[[File: Quantum-dot-day-Edinburg2017.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 1 (6th of January): We arrive in [[Wolverhampton]].</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=File:Downing19a-cover.png&diff=923File:Downing19a-cover.png2019-02-07T16:08:01Z<p>Juancamilo: File uploaded with MsUpload</p>
<hr />
<div>File uploaded with MsUpload</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=News&diff=922News2019-02-06T15:27:37Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Timeline */</p>
<hr />
<div>= News =<br />
<br />
(''News'' that are not new anymore become part of the timeline)<br />
<br />
<!--* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] December 11, We talk about ''Sounds'' at the Christmas Lecture, in the Arena Theatre.--><br />
<!--* [[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]] August 19, '''[[Physics Day]]''' at the [[UoW]]: come and learn about lasers, $\gamma$ rays and technologies of the future, and what the UoW has to offer you in some of the most fascinating aspects of sciences. Everybody welcome.<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] September (2018): Fabrice gets invited to the [https://metanano.ifmo.ru/ METANANO-2018] in Sochi, Russia.--><br />
<br />
= Timeline =<br />
<br />
(We're day {{#expr:(({{#time: U | now }}-{{#time: U | 2017-01-07 }})/(86400) round 0)}} today)<br />
<br />
* Day 757 {{day|02|2|2019}}, We welcome the public at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 749 {{day|25|1|2019}}, new research available at [https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.09030 arXiv:1901.09030] on conventional & unconventional photon statistics.<br />
<center>[[File:motherpaper-split.png|700px]]</center><br />
* Day 732 {{day|8|1|2019}}, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aaf68d ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''] is published in ''J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt.''<br />
<center> [[File:foquo-snapshot.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 698 {{day|5|12|2018}}, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aaf68d ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''] has been accepted for publication at ''J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt.''<br />
* Day 686 {{day|23|11|2018}}, Eduardo Zubizarreta joins our group for 10 days.<br />
* Day 680 {{day|17|11|2018}}, We welcome the public at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 670 {{day|7|11|2018}}, {{iop}} Fabrice joins the IOP branch of the West Midlands.<br />
* Day 662 {{day|30|10|2018}}, Guillermo Diaz Camacho integrates our group for two months.<br />
<center>[[File:IMG_20181105_130133550.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 656 {{day|24|10|2018}}, Fabrice gives the [[Nobel_seminar_(October_2018)|3rd]] [[Physics Seminar]].<br />
* Day 649 {{day|17|10|2018}}, Plamen Petrov gives the [[Petrov_seminar_(October_2018)|2nd]] [[Physics Seminar]].<br />
* Day 649 {{day|17|10|2018}}, The University opens a Lecturer position in Condensed Matter.<br />
* Day 648 {{day|16|10|2018}}, Fabrice is appointed external examiner of the Ph.D thesis of [https://scholar.google.dk/citations?user=d_QsZngAAAAJ&hl=en Giuseppe Buonaiuto].<br />
* Day 645 {{day|13|10|2018}}, We speak about [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6otXXet2r0 waves] at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 635 {{day|03|10|2018}}, We now have a [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVYz3Ly1pg5N5oL_w96OUXg YouTube channel].<br />
* Day 635 {{day|03|10|2018}}, We meet teachers and exhibit [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lG7wxGcZ-ns our Physics lab] for the Black Country GCSE science conference in Wolverhampton.<br />
*Day 634 {{day|02|10|2018}}, Our applet on polariton and Jaynes-Cummings Blockade is published as a [http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/PolaritonAndJaynesCummingsBlockade/ Wolfram demonstration].<br />
*Day 632 {{day|30|09|2018}}, [http://camilopez.org/wlmblog/ we now have a blog!]<br />
*Day 626 {{day|24|09|2018}}, We welcome our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists, the Jaynes cohort: welcome to Dilem, Luke, Amin, Govind, Humza, Nathaniel, Praneet, Mitchell, Joel and Dylan.<br />
*Day 621 {{day|19|09|2018}}, Fabrice graduates as the Chair of Light-Matter interactions.<br />
<center>[[File:graduation-ceremony.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
*Day 619 {{day|17|09|2018}}, Camilo joins the group as Teaching Associate (permanent).<br />
*Day 607 {{day|05|09|2018}}, The University opens a Senior Lecturer position in Quantum Physics.<br />
*Day 565, our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.047401 ''Photon-Number-Resolved Measurement of an Exciton-Polariton Condensate''] is published in Phys. Rev. Lett. and is featured in [[File:physicsAPS.png|42px|link=https://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.047401]].<br />
*Day 550, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2058-9565/aacfbe ''Joint subnatural-linewidth and single-photon emission from resonance fluorescence''] is published in Quantum Science and Technology.<br />
<center> [[File:sublime-snapshot.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 535, New reseach sibmitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.08774 ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''].<br />
*Day 521, We speak about our research at the "Annual Research Conference" at The University of Wolverhampton. <br />
<center> [[File:Camilo-ARC2018.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 497, We explore Research collaborations on "Quantum Biology" with colleagues from the Biology department.<br />
* Day 496, Andrew coordinates the school of mathematics and computer science final year project poster exhibition.<br />
<center>[[File:Andrew-Poster-May18.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 494, We explore Research collaborations on "Quantum Engineering of Light" with colleagues from the Engineering School.<br />
*Day 487, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.02959 ''Photon number-resolved measurement of an exciton-polariton condensate''].<br />
*Day 482, our paper [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-24975-y ''Frequency-resolved Monte Carlo''] is published in Scientific Reports.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-sci-rep-fremoc.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 470, We participate in the University's Open Day, talking about the polarization of light. <br />
*Day 469, our paper [http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/4/eaao6814 ''First observation of the quantized exciton-polariton field and effect of interactions on a single polariton''] is published in Science Advances.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-sci-adv.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 403, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04771 ''Joint subnatural-linewidth and single-photon emission from resonance fluorescence''].<br />
*Day 403, we submit a popular science paper about [https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04540 ''Photon correlations in both time and frequency''] to [https://quantum-journal.org/leaps/ Quantum Leaps].<br />
*Day 374, New research available: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.04779 ''Negative-mass effects in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates''].<br />
*Day 367, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.02580 ''Ultrafast topology shaping by a Rabi-oscillating vortex''].<br />
*Day 367, our paper [https://www.osapublishing.org/optica/abstract.cfm?uri=optica-5-1-14 ''Filtering multiphoton emission from state-of-the-art cavity quantum electrodynamics''] is published in Optica.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-optica-2018.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 343, We host our first poster session, on Optics, with Chloë (burning lenses), Jac (camera obscura), Robert (polarisation) and Stephanie (width of a hair) presenting their work to a large panel.<br />
<center>[[File:posters-hb2017-12-14 14.16.02.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 332, ''Topological order and thermal equilibrium in polariton condensates'' is published in Nature Materials, [https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat5039 doi:10.1038/nmat5039]<br />
* Day 316, We participate to the University's [[Open_Days#18_November_2017|Open Day]], talking about Colours and showing how they mix.<br />
* Day 299, We welcome IOP Education Dept. members from the Midlands areas and introduce them to our course of Physics.<br />
* Day 297, Fabrice [https://twitter.com/WLVsci_eng/status/925120087790686209 talks about spoons] at the Bright Club in Wolverhampton, Arena Theatre.<br />
<center>[[File:spoon-brightclub2017.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 283, Fabrice gives a talk on "Differences and similarities between classical and quantum processing units" at the University of Southampton.<br />
* Day 275, We participate to the [[World Space Week]] and launch a rocket.<br />
* Day 262, We start the first '''[[Physics course]]''' at the [[UoW]], with 6 students ([[Hanbury_Brown_cohort|Chloe, Jac, Jamie, Robert, Ryan & Stephanie]]).<br />
* Day 256, our paper ''Kinetic Monte Carlo approach to nonequilibrium bosonic systems'' by T. Liew ''et al.'' is published as [https://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.125423 Phys. Rev. B '''96''', 125423 (2017)].<br />
* Day 252, our Wolfram demonstration ''Dispersion Properties of a Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate'' is available online ([http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/DispersionPropertiesOfASpinOrbitCoupledBoseEinsteinCondensat/ play with it here]).<br />
* Day 251, our paper ''Topological order and equilibrium in a condensate of exciton-polaritons'' is accepted for publication in Nature Materials.<br />
* Day 243, our paper ''Kinetic Monte Carlo approach to nonequilibrium bosonic systems'' by T. Liew ''et al.'' is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B.<br />
* Day 235, Fabrice gives a one hour tutorial at the [https://www.nano-initiative-munich.de/events/nim-conference-on-resonator-qed-2017/ Resonator QED conference], 31 August-1 September, in Munich, Germany (and chairs the closing session).<br />
* Day 207, Our paper ''[https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201700090 Photon Correlations from the Mollow Triplet]'' is published in Laser & Photonics Review.<br />
<center>[[File:photco-cover-aug17.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 202: [http://www.ogdentrust.com/ Ogden trust]'s CEO, Clare Harvey, visits us to tread the grounds of the future playgrounds of Physics in Wolverhampton.<br />
* Day 200: Mariam and Anji join the group (with support from the [http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/ Nuffield Foundation]) to work on the characterisation of quantum sources of light from their photon emission:<br />
<center>[[File:mariam-anji-26jul2017.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 193: Fabrice gives an invited talk at the [http://light-conference.csp.escience.cn/ Light Conference 2017] in Changchun, China.<br />
* Day 192: Fabrice wins the Best Reader travel award from the Light: Science & Applications journal of the Nature publishing group.<br />
* Day 187: New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.03690 Filtering Multiphoton Emission from State-of-the-Art Cavity QED].<br />
* Day 184: Fabrice attends the [https://www2.uni-wuerzburg.de/plmcn18/ PLMCN18] in Würzburg, Germany, with an invited talk and session chairing:<br />
<center>[[File:fabrice-plmcn18.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 174: Our paper ''Photon Correlations from the Mollow Triplet'' is accepted for publication in Laser & Photonics Reviews.<br />
* Day 172: Our paper ''[http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4987023 Structure of the harmonic oscillator in the space of n-particle Glauber correlators]'' is published in the Journal of Mathematical Physics, '''58''', 062109 (2017).<br />
<center>[[File:zubizarrettacasalengua17a-cover.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 154: [http://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/105743_en.html POLAFLOW] is transferred to the UoW, with a dotation of 29,373.29€.<br />
* Day 152: Camilo arrives to Daniele Sanvitto's [http://polaritonics.weebly.com advanced photonics lab] in Lecce, Italy, to closely collaborate with our experimental colleagues.<br />
<center>[[File:Camilo-in-Lecce.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 151: Our paper ''Structure of the Harmonic Oscillator in the space of $n$-particle Glauber correlators'' is accepted for publication in the Journal of Mathematical Physics.<br />
* Day 145: New research paper submitted, "''Frequency-resolved Monte Carlo''": [https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.10978 arXiv:1705.10978].<br />
<center>[[File:ArXiv-1705.10978.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 140: Our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.215301 Macroscopic Two-Dimensional Polariton Condensates] is published in Phys. Rev. Lett. (and makes the cover of the journal):<br />
<center>[[File:PRL-coverDario.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 130: Fabrice gives an invited talk at the [http://pcs.ibs.re.kr/PCS_Workshops/PCS_Physics_of_Exciton-Polaritons_in_Artificial_Lattices.html Physics of Exciton-Polaritons in Artificial Lattices Workshop] of the Institute of Basic Science, at the Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Daejeon, South Korea. Camilo gives a contributed talk.<br />
<center>[[File:fabrice-daejeon-2017.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 125: The 2nd edition of [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/microcavities-9780198782995?cc=gb&lang=en& Microcavities] is now available.<br />
<center>[[File:Microcavities.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 123: Fabrice gives a plenary talk at the [http://www.optica.pt/aop2017/ Conference on Applications in Optics and Photonics] (AOP2017), in Faro. Camilo gives a contributed talk.<br />
<center>[[File:Fabrice-Plenary-AOP.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 117: First demonstration, with our [[Experiments with gamma rays|$\gamma$ radiosource]]: [[Inverse Square law with gamma rays, Dudley college (May 2017)|studying the inverse square law with the Dudley college]].<br />
<!--* Day 85: Our web goes live.--><br />
* Day 115: Our contributed talk "N-photon emission from resonance fluorescence" to the 18<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Physics of Light-Matter Coupling in Nanostructures ([https://www2.uni-wuerzburg.de/plmcn18/ PLMCN18]) got upgraded to an Invited Talk.<br />
* Day 113: Our paper "Macroscopic two-dimensional polariton condensates" by Ballarini ''et al.'' is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett.<br />
* Day 104: Updated version of our experiment entangling a polariton with a photon: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.01244v2 arXiv:1609.01244v2].<br />
* Day 95: New Research paper submitted, ''Photon Correlations from the Mollow triplet'': [http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.03220 arXiv:1704.03220]<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photon-correlations-snapshot-apr17.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 87: We made an [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGF_BSlc62w outreach video] for the quickly approaching Physics course. <br />
* Day 82: bits of a [[Fabrice]]'s interview pop up in an article of [[File:Le_Monde.png|100px|link=www.lemonde.fr]].<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:lemonde-march17.png.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 82: First paper published: [http://rdcu.be/qszf A new way to correlate photons] (News & Views in Nature Materials):<br />
<br />
<center>[[File: Nv-nmat-march17.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 80: [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/microcavities-9780198782995?lang=en&cc=de Microcavities]'s 2nd edition has been submitted for production.<br />
* Day 68: Our proposal "quopp" is submitted (QuantERA).<br />
* Day 46: [[Camilo]] joins the group.<br />
* Day 34: Our proposal ȹ is submitted (ERC).<br />
* Day 7: First talk (for the [http://quantumdot.iopconfs.org/home UK Quantum Dot day] of the IOP).<br />
<br />
<center>[[File: Quantum-dot-day-Edinburg2017.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 1 (6th of January): We arrive in [[Wolverhampton]].</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=News&diff=921News2019-02-06T15:18:07Z<p>Juancamilo: </p>
<hr />
<div>= News =<br />
<br />
(''News'' that are not new anymore become part of the timeline)<br />
<br />
<!--* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] December 11, We talk about ''Sounds'' at the Christmas Lecture, in the Arena Theatre.--><br />
<!--* [[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]] August 19, '''[[Physics Day]]''' at the [[UoW]]: come and learn about lasers, $\gamma$ rays and technologies of the future, and what the UoW has to offer you in some of the most fascinating aspects of sciences. Everybody welcome.<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] September (2018): Fabrice gets invited to the [https://metanano.ifmo.ru/ METANANO-2018] in Sochi, Russia.--><br />
<br />
= Timeline =<br />
<br />
(We're day {{#expr:(({{#time: U | now }}-{{#time: U | 2017-01-07 }})/(86400) round 0)}} today)<br />
<br />
* Day 757 {{day|02|02|2019}}, We welcome the public at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 749 {{day|25|1|2019}}, new research available at [https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.09030 arXiv:1901.09030] on conventional & unconventional photon statistics.<br />
<center>[[File:motherpaper-split.png|700px]]</center><br />
* Day 732 {{day|8|1|2019}}, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aaf68d ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''] is published in ''J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt.''<br />
<center> [[File:foquo-snapshot.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 698 {{day|5|12|2018}}, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aaf68d ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''] has been accepted for publication at ''J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt.''<br />
* Day 686 {{day|23|11|2018}}, Eduardo Zubizarreta joins our group for 10 days.<br />
* Day 680 {{day|17|11|2018}}, We welcome the public at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 670 {{day|7|11|2018}}, {{iop}} Fabrice joins the IOP branch of the West Midlands.<br />
* Day 662 {{day|30|10|2018}}, Guillermo Diaz Camacho integrates our group for two months.<br />
<center>[[File:IMG_20181105_130133550.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 656 {{day|24|10|2018}}, Fabrice gives the [[Nobel_seminar_(October_2018)|3rd]] [[Physics Seminar]].<br />
* Day 649 {{day|17|10|2018}}, Plamen Petrov gives the [[Petrov_seminar_(October_2018)|2nd]] [[Physics Seminar]].<br />
* Day 649 {{day|17|10|2018}}, The University opens a Lecturer position in Condensed Matter.<br />
* Day 648 {{day|16|10|2018}}, Fabrice is appointed external examiner of the Ph.D thesis of [https://scholar.google.dk/citations?user=d_QsZngAAAAJ&hl=en Giuseppe Buonaiuto].<br />
* Day 645 {{day|13|10|2018}}, We speak about [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6otXXet2r0 waves] at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 635 {{day|03|10|2018}}, We now have a [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVYz3Ly1pg5N5oL_w96OUXg YouTube channel].<br />
* Day 635 {{day|03|10|2018}}, We meet teachers and exhibit [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lG7wxGcZ-ns our Physics lab] for the Black Country GCSE science conference in Wolverhampton.<br />
*Day 634 {{day|02|10|2018}}, Our applet on polariton and Jaynes-Cummings Blockade is published as a [http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/PolaritonAndJaynesCummingsBlockade/ Wolfram demonstration].<br />
*Day 632 {{day|30|09|2018}}, [http://camilopez.org/wlmblog/ we now have a blog!]<br />
*Day 626 {{day|24|09|2018}}, We welcome our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists, the Jaynes cohort: welcome to Dilem, Luke, Amin, Govind, Humza, Nathaniel, Praneet, Mitchell, Joel and Dylan.<br />
*Day 621 {{day|19|09|2018}}, Fabrice graduates as the Chair of Light-Matter interactions.<br />
<center>[[File:graduation-ceremony.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
*Day 619 {{day|17|09|2018}}, Camilo joins the group as Teaching Associate (permanent).<br />
*Day 607 {{day|05|09|2018}}, The University opens a Senior Lecturer position in Quantum Physics.<br />
*Day 565, our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.047401 ''Photon-Number-Resolved Measurement of an Exciton-Polariton Condensate''] is published in Phys. Rev. Lett. and is featured in [[File:physicsAPS.png|42px|link=https://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.047401]].<br />
*Day 550, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2058-9565/aacfbe ''Joint subnatural-linewidth and single-photon emission from resonance fluorescence''] is published in Quantum Science and Technology.<br />
<center> [[File:sublime-snapshot.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 535, New reseach sibmitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.08774 ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''].<br />
*Day 521, We speak about our research at the "Annual Research Conference" at The University of Wolverhampton. <br />
<center> [[File:Camilo-ARC2018.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 497, We explore Research collaborations on "Quantum Biology" with colleagues from the Biology department.<br />
* Day 496, Andrew coordinates the school of mathematics and computer science final year project poster exhibition.<br />
<center>[[File:Andrew-Poster-May18.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 494, We explore Research collaborations on "Quantum Engineering of Light" with colleagues from the Engineering School.<br />
*Day 487, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.02959 ''Photon number-resolved measurement of an exciton-polariton condensate''].<br />
*Day 482, our paper [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-24975-y ''Frequency-resolved Monte Carlo''] is published in Scientific Reports.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-sci-rep-fremoc.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 470, We participate in the University's Open Day, talking about the polarization of light. <br />
*Day 469, our paper [http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/4/eaao6814 ''First observation of the quantized exciton-polariton field and effect of interactions on a single polariton''] is published in Science Advances.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-sci-adv.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 403, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04771 ''Joint subnatural-linewidth and single-photon emission from resonance fluorescence''].<br />
*Day 403, we submit a popular science paper about [https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04540 ''Photon correlations in both time and frequency''] to [https://quantum-journal.org/leaps/ Quantum Leaps].<br />
*Day 374, New research available: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.04779 ''Negative-mass effects in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates''].<br />
*Day 367, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.02580 ''Ultrafast topology shaping by a Rabi-oscillating vortex''].<br />
*Day 367, our paper [https://www.osapublishing.org/optica/abstract.cfm?uri=optica-5-1-14 ''Filtering multiphoton emission from state-of-the-art cavity quantum electrodynamics''] is published in Optica.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-optica-2018.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 343, We host our first poster session, on Optics, with Chloë (burning lenses), Jac (camera obscura), Robert (polarisation) and Stephanie (width of a hair) presenting their work to a large panel.<br />
<center>[[File:posters-hb2017-12-14 14.16.02.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 332, ''Topological order and thermal equilibrium in polariton condensates'' is published in Nature Materials, [https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat5039 doi:10.1038/nmat5039]<br />
* Day 316, We participate to the University's [[Open_Days#18_November_2017|Open Day]], talking about Colours and showing how they mix.<br />
* Day 299, We welcome IOP Education Dept. members from the Midlands areas and introduce them to our course of Physics.<br />
* Day 297, Fabrice [https://twitter.com/WLVsci_eng/status/925120087790686209 talks about spoons] at the Bright Club in Wolverhampton, Arena Theatre.<br />
<center>[[File:spoon-brightclub2017.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 283, Fabrice gives a talk on "Differences and similarities between classical and quantum processing units" at the University of Southampton.<br />
* Day 275, We participate to the [[World Space Week]] and launch a rocket.<br />
* Day 262, We start the first '''[[Physics course]]''' at the [[UoW]], with 6 students ([[Hanbury_Brown_cohort|Chloe, Jac, Jamie, Robert, Ryan & Stephanie]]).<br />
* Day 256, our paper ''Kinetic Monte Carlo approach to nonequilibrium bosonic systems'' by T. Liew ''et al.'' is published as [https://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.125423 Phys. Rev. B '''96''', 125423 (2017)].<br />
* Day 252, our Wolfram demonstration ''Dispersion Properties of a Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate'' is available online ([http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/DispersionPropertiesOfASpinOrbitCoupledBoseEinsteinCondensat/ play with it here]).<br />
* Day 251, our paper ''Topological order and equilibrium in a condensate of exciton-polaritons'' is accepted for publication in Nature Materials.<br />
* Day 243, our paper ''Kinetic Monte Carlo approach to nonequilibrium bosonic systems'' by T. Liew ''et al.'' is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B.<br />
* Day 235, Fabrice gives a one hour tutorial at the [https://www.nano-initiative-munich.de/events/nim-conference-on-resonator-qed-2017/ Resonator QED conference], 31 August-1 September, in Munich, Germany (and chairs the closing session).<br />
* Day 207, Our paper ''[https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201700090 Photon Correlations from the Mollow Triplet]'' is published in Laser & Photonics Review.<br />
<center>[[File:photco-cover-aug17.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 202: [http://www.ogdentrust.com/ Ogden trust]'s CEO, Clare Harvey, visits us to tread the grounds of the future playgrounds of Physics in Wolverhampton.<br />
* Day 200: Mariam and Anji join the group (with support from the [http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/ Nuffield Foundation]) to work on the characterisation of quantum sources of light from their photon emission:<br />
<center>[[File:mariam-anji-26jul2017.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 193: Fabrice gives an invited talk at the [http://light-conference.csp.escience.cn/ Light Conference 2017] in Changchun, China.<br />
* Day 192: Fabrice wins the Best Reader travel award from the Light: Science & Applications journal of the Nature publishing group.<br />
* Day 187: New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.03690 Filtering Multiphoton Emission from State-of-the-Art Cavity QED].<br />
* Day 184: Fabrice attends the [https://www2.uni-wuerzburg.de/plmcn18/ PLMCN18] in Würzburg, Germany, with an invited talk and session chairing:<br />
<center>[[File:fabrice-plmcn18.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 174: Our paper ''Photon Correlations from the Mollow Triplet'' is accepted for publication in Laser & Photonics Reviews.<br />
* Day 172: Our paper ''[http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4987023 Structure of the harmonic oscillator in the space of n-particle Glauber correlators]'' is published in the Journal of Mathematical Physics, '''58''', 062109 (2017).<br />
<center>[[File:zubizarrettacasalengua17a-cover.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 154: [http://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/105743_en.html POLAFLOW] is transferred to the UoW, with a dotation of 29,373.29€.<br />
* Day 152: Camilo arrives to Daniele Sanvitto's [http://polaritonics.weebly.com advanced photonics lab] in Lecce, Italy, to closely collaborate with our experimental colleagues.<br />
<center>[[File:Camilo-in-Lecce.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 151: Our paper ''Structure of the Harmonic Oscillator in the space of $n$-particle Glauber correlators'' is accepted for publication in the Journal of Mathematical Physics.<br />
* Day 145: New research paper submitted, "''Frequency-resolved Monte Carlo''": [https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.10978 arXiv:1705.10978].<br />
<center>[[File:ArXiv-1705.10978.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 140: Our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.215301 Macroscopic Two-Dimensional Polariton Condensates] is published in Phys. Rev. Lett. (and makes the cover of the journal):<br />
<center>[[File:PRL-coverDario.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 130: Fabrice gives an invited talk at the [http://pcs.ibs.re.kr/PCS_Workshops/PCS_Physics_of_Exciton-Polaritons_in_Artificial_Lattices.html Physics of Exciton-Polaritons in Artificial Lattices Workshop] of the Institute of Basic Science, at the Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Daejeon, South Korea. Camilo gives a contributed talk.<br />
<center>[[File:fabrice-daejeon-2017.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 125: The 2nd edition of [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/microcavities-9780198782995?cc=gb&lang=en& Microcavities] is now available.<br />
<center>[[File:Microcavities.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 123: Fabrice gives a plenary talk at the [http://www.optica.pt/aop2017/ Conference on Applications in Optics and Photonics] (AOP2017), in Faro. Camilo gives a contributed talk.<br />
<center>[[File:Fabrice-Plenary-AOP.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 117: First demonstration, with our [[Experiments with gamma rays|$\gamma$ radiosource]]: [[Inverse Square law with gamma rays, Dudley college (May 2017)|studying the inverse square law with the Dudley college]].<br />
<!--* Day 85: Our web goes live.--><br />
* Day 115: Our contributed talk "N-photon emission from resonance fluorescence" to the 18<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Physics of Light-Matter Coupling in Nanostructures ([https://www2.uni-wuerzburg.de/plmcn18/ PLMCN18]) got upgraded to an Invited Talk.<br />
* Day 113: Our paper "Macroscopic two-dimensional polariton condensates" by Ballarini ''et al.'' is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett.<br />
* Day 104: Updated version of our experiment entangling a polariton with a photon: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.01244v2 arXiv:1609.01244v2].<br />
* Day 95: New Research paper submitted, ''Photon Correlations from the Mollow triplet'': [http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.03220 arXiv:1704.03220]<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photon-correlations-snapshot-apr17.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 87: We made an [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGF_BSlc62w outreach video] for the quickly approaching Physics course. <br />
* Day 82: bits of a [[Fabrice]]'s interview pop up in an article of [[File:Le_Monde.png|100px|link=www.lemonde.fr]].<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:lemonde-march17.png.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 82: First paper published: [http://rdcu.be/qszf A new way to correlate photons] (News & Views in Nature Materials):<br />
<br />
<center>[[File: Nv-nmat-march17.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 80: [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/microcavities-9780198782995?lang=en&cc=de Microcavities]'s 2nd edition has been submitted for production.<br />
* Day 68: Our proposal "quopp" is submitted (QuantERA).<br />
* Day 46: [[Camilo]] joins the group.<br />
* Day 34: Our proposal ȹ is submitted (ERC).<br />
* Day 7: First talk (for the [http://quantumdot.iopconfs.org/home UK Quantum Dot day] of the IOP).<br />
<br />
<center>[[File: Quantum-dot-day-Edinburg2017.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 1 (6th of January): We arrive in [[Wolverhampton]].</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=News&diff=920News2019-02-06T15:15:44Z<p>Juancamilo: </p>
<hr />
<div>= News =<br />
<br />
(''News'' that are not new anymore become part of the timeline)<br />
<br />
<!--* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] December 11, We talk about ''Sounds'' at the Christmas Lecture, in the Arena Theatre.--><br />
<!--* [[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]] August 19, '''[[Physics Day]]''' at the [[UoW]]: come and learn about lasers, $\gamma$ rays and technologies of the future, and what the UoW has to offer you in some of the most fascinating aspects of sciences. Everybody welcome.<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] September (2018): Fabrice gets invited to the [https://metanano.ifmo.ru/ METANANO-2018] in Sochi, Russia.--><br />
<br />
= Timeline =<br />
<br />
(We're day {{#expr:(({{#time: U | now }}-{{#time: U | 2017-01-07 }})/(86400) round 0)}} today)<br />
<br />
<br />
* Day 757 {{day|02|02|2019}}, We welcome the public at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 749 {{day|25|1|2019}}, new research available at [https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.09030 arXiv:1901.09030] on conventional & unconventional photon statistics.<br />
<center>[[File:motherpaper-split.png|700px]]</center><br />
* Day 732 {{day|8|1|2019}}, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aaf68d ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''] is published in ''J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt.''<br />
<center> [[File:foquo-snapshot.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 698 {{day|5|12|2018}}, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aaf68d ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''] has been accepted for publication at ''J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt.''<br />
* Day 686 {{day|23|11|2018}}, Eduardo Zubizarreta joins our group for 10 days.<br />
* Day 680 {{day|17|11|2018}}, We welcome the public at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 670 {{day|7|11|2018}}, {{iop}} Fabrice joins the IOP branch of the West Midlands.<br />
* Day 662 {{day|30|10|2018}}, Guillermo Diaz Camacho integrates our group for two months.<br />
<center>[[File:IMG_20181105_130133550.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 656 {{day|24|10|2018}}, Fabrice gives the [[Nobel_seminar_(October_2018)|3rd]] [[Physics Seminar]].<br />
* Day 649 {{day|17|10|2018}}, Plamen Petrov gives the [[Petrov_seminar_(October_2018)|2nd]] [[Physics Seminar]].<br />
* Day 649 {{day|17|10|2018}}, The University opens a Lecturer position in Condensed Matter.<br />
* Day 648 {{day|16|10|2018}}, Fabrice is appointed external examiner of the Ph.D thesis of [https://scholar.google.dk/citations?user=d_QsZngAAAAJ&hl=en Giuseppe Buonaiuto].<br />
* Day 645 {{day|13|10|2018}}, We speak about [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6otXXet2r0 waves] at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 635 {{day|03|10|2018}}, We now have a [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVYz3Ly1pg5N5oL_w96OUXg YouTube channel].<br />
* Day 635 {{day|03|10|2018}}, We meet teachers and exhibit [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lG7wxGcZ-ns our Physics lab] for the Black Country GCSE science conference in Wolverhampton.<br />
*Day 634 {{day|02|10|2018}}, Our applet on polariton and Jaynes-Cummings Blockade is published as a [http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/PolaritonAndJaynesCummingsBlockade/ Wolfram demonstration].<br />
*Day 632 {{day|30|09|2018}}, [http://camilopez.org/wlmblog/ we now have a blog!]<br />
*Day 626 {{day|24|09|2018}}, We welcome our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists, the Jaynes cohort: welcome to Dilem, Luke, Amin, Govind, Humza, Nathaniel, Praneet, Mitchell, Joel and Dylan.<br />
*Day 621 {{day|19|09|2018}}, Fabrice graduates as the Chair of Light-Matter interactions.<br />
<center>[[File:graduation-ceremony.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
*Day 619 {{day|17|09|2018}}, Camilo joins the group as Teaching Associate (permanent).<br />
*Day 607 {{day|05|09|2018}}, The University opens a Senior Lecturer position in Quantum Physics.<br />
*Day 565, our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.047401 ''Photon-Number-Resolved Measurement of an Exciton-Polariton Condensate''] is published in Phys. Rev. Lett. and is featured in [[File:physicsAPS.png|42px|link=https://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.047401]].<br />
*Day 550, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2058-9565/aacfbe ''Joint subnatural-linewidth and single-photon emission from resonance fluorescence''] is published in Quantum Science and Technology.<br />
<center> [[File:sublime-snapshot.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 535, New reseach sibmitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.08774 ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''].<br />
*Day 521, We speak about our research at the "Annual Research Conference" at The University of Wolverhampton. <br />
<center> [[File:Camilo-ARC2018.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 497, We explore Research collaborations on "Quantum Biology" with colleagues from the Biology department.<br />
* Day 496, Andrew coordinates the school of mathematics and computer science final year project poster exhibition.<br />
<center>[[File:Andrew-Poster-May18.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 494, We explore Research collaborations on "Quantum Engineering of Light" with colleagues from the Engineering School.<br />
*Day 487, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.02959 ''Photon number-resolved measurement of an exciton-polariton condensate''].<br />
*Day 482, our paper [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-24975-y ''Frequency-resolved Monte Carlo''] is published in Scientific Reports.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-sci-rep-fremoc.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 470, We participate in the University's Open Day, talking about the polarization of light. <br />
*Day 469, our paper [http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/4/eaao6814 ''First observation of the quantized exciton-polariton field and effect of interactions on a single polariton''] is published in Science Advances.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-sci-adv.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 403, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04771 ''Joint subnatural-linewidth and single-photon emission from resonance fluorescence''].<br />
*Day 403, we submit a popular science paper about [https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04540 ''Photon correlations in both time and frequency''] to [https://quantum-journal.org/leaps/ Quantum Leaps].<br />
*Day 374, New research available: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.04779 ''Negative-mass effects in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates''].<br />
*Day 367, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.02580 ''Ultrafast topology shaping by a Rabi-oscillating vortex''].<br />
*Day 367, our paper [https://www.osapublishing.org/optica/abstract.cfm?uri=optica-5-1-14 ''Filtering multiphoton emission from state-of-the-art cavity quantum electrodynamics''] is published in Optica.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-optica-2018.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 343, We host our first poster session, on Optics, with Chloë (burning lenses), Jac (camera obscura), Robert (polarisation) and Stephanie (width of a hair) presenting their work to a large panel.<br />
<center>[[File:posters-hb2017-12-14 14.16.02.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 332, ''Topological order and thermal equilibrium in polariton condensates'' is published in Nature Materials, [https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat5039 doi:10.1038/nmat5039]<br />
* Day 316, We participate to the University's [[Open_Days#18_November_2017|Open Day]], talking about Colours and showing how they mix.<br />
* Day 299, We welcome IOP Education Dept. members from the Midlands areas and introduce them to our course of Physics.<br />
* Day 297, Fabrice [https://twitter.com/WLVsci_eng/status/925120087790686209 talks about spoons] at the Bright Club in Wolverhampton, Arena Theatre.<br />
<center>[[File:spoon-brightclub2017.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 283, Fabrice gives a talk on "Differences and similarities between classical and quantum processing units" at the University of Southampton.<br />
* Day 275, We participate to the [[World Space Week]] and launch a rocket.<br />
* Day 262, We start the first '''[[Physics course]]''' at the [[UoW]], with 6 students ([[Hanbury_Brown_cohort|Chloe, Jac, Jamie, Robert, Ryan & Stephanie]]).<br />
* Day 256, our paper ''Kinetic Monte Carlo approach to nonequilibrium bosonic systems'' by T. Liew ''et al.'' is published as [https://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.125423 Phys. Rev. B '''96''', 125423 (2017)].<br />
* Day 252, our Wolfram demonstration ''Dispersion Properties of a Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate'' is available online ([http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/DispersionPropertiesOfASpinOrbitCoupledBoseEinsteinCondensat/ play with it here]).<br />
* Day 251, our paper ''Topological order and equilibrium in a condensate of exciton-polaritons'' is accepted for publication in Nature Materials.<br />
* Day 243, our paper ''Kinetic Monte Carlo approach to nonequilibrium bosonic systems'' by T. Liew ''et al.'' is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B.<br />
* Day 235, Fabrice gives a one hour tutorial at the [https://www.nano-initiative-munich.de/events/nim-conference-on-resonator-qed-2017/ Resonator QED conference], 31 August-1 September, in Munich, Germany (and chairs the closing session).<br />
* Day 207, Our paper ''[https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201700090 Photon Correlations from the Mollow Triplet]'' is published in Laser & Photonics Review.<br />
<center>[[File:photco-cover-aug17.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 202: [http://www.ogdentrust.com/ Ogden trust]'s CEO, Clare Harvey, visits us to tread the grounds of the future playgrounds of Physics in Wolverhampton.<br />
* Day 200: Mariam and Anji join the group (with support from the [http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/ Nuffield Foundation]) to work on the characterisation of quantum sources of light from their photon emission:<br />
<center>[[File:mariam-anji-26jul2017.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 193: Fabrice gives an invited talk at the [http://light-conference.csp.escience.cn/ Light Conference 2017] in Changchun, China.<br />
* Day 192: Fabrice wins the Best Reader travel award from the Light: Science & Applications journal of the Nature publishing group.<br />
* Day 187: New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.03690 Filtering Multiphoton Emission from State-of-the-Art Cavity QED].<br />
* Day 184: Fabrice attends the [https://www2.uni-wuerzburg.de/plmcn18/ PLMCN18] in Würzburg, Germany, with an invited talk and session chairing:<br />
<center>[[File:fabrice-plmcn18.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 174: Our paper ''Photon Correlations from the Mollow Triplet'' is accepted for publication in Laser & Photonics Reviews.<br />
* Day 172: Our paper ''[http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4987023 Structure of the harmonic oscillator in the space of n-particle Glauber correlators]'' is published in the Journal of Mathematical Physics, '''58''', 062109 (2017).<br />
<center>[[File:zubizarrettacasalengua17a-cover.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 154: [http://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/105743_en.html POLAFLOW] is transferred to the UoW, with a dotation of 29,373.29€.<br />
* Day 152: Camilo arrives to Daniele Sanvitto's [http://polaritonics.weebly.com advanced photonics lab] in Lecce, Italy, to closely collaborate with our experimental colleagues.<br />
<center>[[File:Camilo-in-Lecce.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 151: Our paper ''Structure of the Harmonic Oscillator in the space of $n$-particle Glauber correlators'' is accepted for publication in the Journal of Mathematical Physics.<br />
* Day 145: New research paper submitted, "''Frequency-resolved Monte Carlo''": [https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.10978 arXiv:1705.10978].<br />
<center>[[File:ArXiv-1705.10978.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 140: Our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.215301 Macroscopic Two-Dimensional Polariton Condensates] is published in Phys. Rev. Lett. (and makes the cover of the journal):<br />
<center>[[File:PRL-coverDario.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 130: Fabrice gives an invited talk at the [http://pcs.ibs.re.kr/PCS_Workshops/PCS_Physics_of_Exciton-Polaritons_in_Artificial_Lattices.html Physics of Exciton-Polaritons in Artificial Lattices Workshop] of the Institute of Basic Science, at the Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Daejeon, South Korea. Camilo gives a contributed talk.<br />
<center>[[File:fabrice-daejeon-2017.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 125: The 2nd edition of [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/microcavities-9780198782995?cc=gb&lang=en& Microcavities] is now available.<br />
<center>[[File:Microcavities.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 123: Fabrice gives a plenary talk at the [http://www.optica.pt/aop2017/ Conference on Applications in Optics and Photonics] (AOP2017), in Faro. Camilo gives a contributed talk.<br />
<center>[[File:Fabrice-Plenary-AOP.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 117: First demonstration, with our [[Experiments with gamma rays|$\gamma$ radiosource]]: [[Inverse Square law with gamma rays, Dudley college (May 2017)|studying the inverse square law with the Dudley college]].<br />
<!--* Day 85: Our web goes live.--><br />
* Day 115: Our contributed talk "N-photon emission from resonance fluorescence" to the 18<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Physics of Light-Matter Coupling in Nanostructures ([https://www2.uni-wuerzburg.de/plmcn18/ PLMCN18]) got upgraded to an Invited Talk.<br />
* Day 113: Our paper "Macroscopic two-dimensional polariton condensates" by Ballarini ''et al.'' is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett.<br />
* Day 104: Updated version of our experiment entangling a polariton with a photon: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.01244v2 arXiv:1609.01244v2].<br />
* Day 95: New Research paper submitted, ''Photon Correlations from the Mollow triplet'': [http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.03220 arXiv:1704.03220]<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photon-correlations-snapshot-apr17.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 87: We made an [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGF_BSlc62w outreach video] for the quickly approaching Physics course. <br />
* Day 82: bits of a [[Fabrice]]'s interview pop up in an article of [[File:Le_Monde.png|100px|link=www.lemonde.fr]].<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:lemonde-march17.png.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 82: First paper published: [http://rdcu.be/qszf A new way to correlate photons] (News & Views in Nature Materials):<br />
<br />
<center>[[File: Nv-nmat-march17.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 80: [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/microcavities-9780198782995?lang=en&cc=de Microcavities]'s 2nd edition has been submitted for production.<br />
* Day 68: Our proposal "quopp" is submitted (QuantERA).<br />
* Day 46: [[Camilo]] joins the group.<br />
* Day 34: Our proposal ȹ is submitted (ERC).<br />
* Day 7: First talk (for the [http://quantumdot.iopconfs.org/home UK Quantum Dot day] of the IOP).<br />
<br />
<center>[[File: Quantum-dot-day-Edinburg2017.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 1 (6th of January): We arrive in [[Wolverhampton]].</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=News&diff=919News2019-02-06T15:15:16Z<p>Juancamilo: </p>
<hr />
<div>= News =<br />
<br />
(''News'' that are not new anymore become part of the timeline)<br />
<br />
<!--* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] December 11, We talk about ''Sounds'' at the Christmas Lecture, in the Arena Theatre.--><br />
<!--* [[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]] August 19, '''[[Physics Day]]''' at the [[UoW]]: come and learn about lasers, $\gamma$ rays and technologies of the future, and what the UoW has to offer you in some of the most fascinating aspects of sciences. Everybody welcome.<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] September (2018): Fabrice gets invited to the [https://metanano.ifmo.ru/ METANANO-2018] in Sochi, Russia.--><br />
<br />
= Timeline =<br />
<br />
(We're day {{#expr:(({{#time: U | now }}-{{#time: U | 2017-01-07 }})/(86400) round 0)}} today)<br />
<br />
<br />
* Day 757 (02-02-2019), We welcome the public at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 749 {{day|25|1|2019}}, new research available at [https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.09030 arXiv:1901.09030] on conventional & unconventional photon statistics.<br />
<center>[[File:motherpaper-split.png|700px]]</center><br />
* Day 732 {{day|8|1|2019}}, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aaf68d ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''] is published in ''J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt.''<br />
<center> [[File:foquo-snapshot.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 698 {{day|5|12|2018}}, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aaf68d ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''] has been accepted for publication at ''J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt.''<br />
* Day 686 {{day|23|11|2018}}, Eduardo Zubizarreta joins our group for 10 days.<br />
* Day 680 {{day|17|11|2018}}, We welcome the public at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 670 {{day|7|11|2018}}, {{iop}} Fabrice joins the IOP branch of the West Midlands.<br />
* Day 662 {{day|30|10|2018}}, Guillermo Diaz Camacho integrates our group for two months.<br />
<center>[[File:IMG_20181105_130133550.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 656 {{day|24|10|2018}}, Fabrice gives the [[Nobel_seminar_(October_2018)|3rd]] [[Physics Seminar]].<br />
* Day 649 {{day|17|10|2018}}, Plamen Petrov gives the [[Petrov_seminar_(October_2018)|2nd]] [[Physics Seminar]].<br />
* Day 649 {{day|17|10|2018}}, The University opens a Lecturer position in Condensed Matter.<br />
* Day 648 {{day|16|10|2018}}, Fabrice is appointed external examiner of the Ph.D thesis of [https://scholar.google.dk/citations?user=d_QsZngAAAAJ&hl=en Giuseppe Buonaiuto].<br />
* Day 645 {{day|13|10|2018}}, We speak about [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6otXXet2r0 waves] at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 635 {{day|03|10|2018}}, We now have a [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVYz3Ly1pg5N5oL_w96OUXg YouTube channel].<br />
* Day 635 {{day|03|10|2018}}, We meet teachers and exhibit [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lG7wxGcZ-ns our Physics lab] for the Black Country GCSE science conference in Wolverhampton.<br />
*Day 634 {{day|02|10|2018}}, Our applet on polariton and Jaynes-Cummings Blockade is published as a [http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/PolaritonAndJaynesCummingsBlockade/ Wolfram demonstration].<br />
*Day 632 {{day|30|09|2018}}, [http://camilopez.org/wlmblog/ we now have a blog!]<br />
*Day 626 {{day|24|09|2018}}, We welcome our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists, the Jaynes cohort: welcome to Dilem, Luke, Amin, Govind, Humza, Nathaniel, Praneet, Mitchell, Joel and Dylan.<br />
*Day 621 {{day|19|09|2018}}, Fabrice graduates as the Chair of Light-Matter interactions.<br />
<center>[[File:graduation-ceremony.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
*Day 619 {{day|17|09|2018}}, Camilo joins the group as Teaching Associate (permanent).<br />
*Day 607 {{day|05|09|2018}}, The University opens a Senior Lecturer position in Quantum Physics.<br />
*Day 565, our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.047401 ''Photon-Number-Resolved Measurement of an Exciton-Polariton Condensate''] is published in Phys. Rev. Lett. and is featured in [[File:physicsAPS.png|42px|link=https://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.047401]].<br />
*Day 550, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2058-9565/aacfbe ''Joint subnatural-linewidth and single-photon emission from resonance fluorescence''] is published in Quantum Science and Technology.<br />
<center> [[File:sublime-snapshot.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 535, New reseach sibmitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.08774 ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''].<br />
*Day 521, We speak about our research at the "Annual Research Conference" at The University of Wolverhampton. <br />
<center> [[File:Camilo-ARC2018.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 497, We explore Research collaborations on "Quantum Biology" with colleagues from the Biology department.<br />
* Day 496, Andrew coordinates the school of mathematics and computer science final year project poster exhibition.<br />
<center>[[File:Andrew-Poster-May18.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 494, We explore Research collaborations on "Quantum Engineering of Light" with colleagues from the Engineering School.<br />
*Day 487, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.02959 ''Photon number-resolved measurement of an exciton-polariton condensate''].<br />
*Day 482, our paper [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-24975-y ''Frequency-resolved Monte Carlo''] is published in Scientific Reports.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-sci-rep-fremoc.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 470, We participate in the University's Open Day, talking about the polarization of light. <br />
*Day 469, our paper [http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/4/eaao6814 ''First observation of the quantized exciton-polariton field and effect of interactions on a single polariton''] is published in Science Advances.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-sci-adv.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 403, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04771 ''Joint subnatural-linewidth and single-photon emission from resonance fluorescence''].<br />
*Day 403, we submit a popular science paper about [https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04540 ''Photon correlations in both time and frequency''] to [https://quantum-journal.org/leaps/ Quantum Leaps].<br />
*Day 374, New research available: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.04779 ''Negative-mass effects in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates''].<br />
*Day 367, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.02580 ''Ultrafast topology shaping by a Rabi-oscillating vortex''].<br />
*Day 367, our paper [https://www.osapublishing.org/optica/abstract.cfm?uri=optica-5-1-14 ''Filtering multiphoton emission from state-of-the-art cavity quantum electrodynamics''] is published in Optica.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-optica-2018.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 343, We host our first poster session, on Optics, with Chloë (burning lenses), Jac (camera obscura), Robert (polarisation) and Stephanie (width of a hair) presenting their work to a large panel.<br />
<center>[[File:posters-hb2017-12-14 14.16.02.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 332, ''Topological order and thermal equilibrium in polariton condensates'' is published in Nature Materials, [https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat5039 doi:10.1038/nmat5039]<br />
* Day 316, We participate to the University's [[Open_Days#18_November_2017|Open Day]], talking about Colours and showing how they mix.<br />
* Day 299, We welcome IOP Education Dept. members from the Midlands areas and introduce them to our course of Physics.<br />
* Day 297, Fabrice [https://twitter.com/WLVsci_eng/status/925120087790686209 talks about spoons] at the Bright Club in Wolverhampton, Arena Theatre.<br />
<center>[[File:spoon-brightclub2017.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 283, Fabrice gives a talk on "Differences and similarities between classical and quantum processing units" at the University of Southampton.<br />
* Day 275, We participate to the [[World Space Week]] and launch a rocket.<br />
* Day 262, We start the first '''[[Physics course]]''' at the [[UoW]], with 6 students ([[Hanbury_Brown_cohort|Chloe, Jac, Jamie, Robert, Ryan & Stephanie]]).<br />
* Day 256, our paper ''Kinetic Monte Carlo approach to nonequilibrium bosonic systems'' by T. Liew ''et al.'' is published as [https://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.125423 Phys. Rev. B '''96''', 125423 (2017)].<br />
* Day 252, our Wolfram demonstration ''Dispersion Properties of a Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate'' is available online ([http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/DispersionPropertiesOfASpinOrbitCoupledBoseEinsteinCondensat/ play with it here]).<br />
* Day 251, our paper ''Topological order and equilibrium in a condensate of exciton-polaritons'' is accepted for publication in Nature Materials.<br />
* Day 243, our paper ''Kinetic Monte Carlo approach to nonequilibrium bosonic systems'' by T. Liew ''et al.'' is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B.<br />
* Day 235, Fabrice gives a one hour tutorial at the [https://www.nano-initiative-munich.de/events/nim-conference-on-resonator-qed-2017/ Resonator QED conference], 31 August-1 September, in Munich, Germany (and chairs the closing session).<br />
* Day 207, Our paper ''[https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201700090 Photon Correlations from the Mollow Triplet]'' is published in Laser & Photonics Review.<br />
<center>[[File:photco-cover-aug17.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 202: [http://www.ogdentrust.com/ Ogden trust]'s CEO, Clare Harvey, visits us to tread the grounds of the future playgrounds of Physics in Wolverhampton.<br />
* Day 200: Mariam and Anji join the group (with support from the [http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/ Nuffield Foundation]) to work on the characterisation of quantum sources of light from their photon emission:<br />
<center>[[File:mariam-anji-26jul2017.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 193: Fabrice gives an invited talk at the [http://light-conference.csp.escience.cn/ Light Conference 2017] in Changchun, China.<br />
* Day 192: Fabrice wins the Best Reader travel award from the Light: Science & Applications journal of the Nature publishing group.<br />
* Day 187: New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.03690 Filtering Multiphoton Emission from State-of-the-Art Cavity QED].<br />
* Day 184: Fabrice attends the [https://www2.uni-wuerzburg.de/plmcn18/ PLMCN18] in Würzburg, Germany, with an invited talk and session chairing:<br />
<center>[[File:fabrice-plmcn18.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 174: Our paper ''Photon Correlations from the Mollow Triplet'' is accepted for publication in Laser & Photonics Reviews.<br />
* Day 172: Our paper ''[http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4987023 Structure of the harmonic oscillator in the space of n-particle Glauber correlators]'' is published in the Journal of Mathematical Physics, '''58''', 062109 (2017).<br />
<center>[[File:zubizarrettacasalengua17a-cover.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 154: [http://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/105743_en.html POLAFLOW] is transferred to the UoW, with a dotation of 29,373.29€.<br />
* Day 152: Camilo arrives to Daniele Sanvitto's [http://polaritonics.weebly.com advanced photonics lab] in Lecce, Italy, to closely collaborate with our experimental colleagues.<br />
<center>[[File:Camilo-in-Lecce.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 151: Our paper ''Structure of the Harmonic Oscillator in the space of $n$-particle Glauber correlators'' is accepted for publication in the Journal of Mathematical Physics.<br />
* Day 145: New research paper submitted, "''Frequency-resolved Monte Carlo''": [https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.10978 arXiv:1705.10978].<br />
<center>[[File:ArXiv-1705.10978.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 140: Our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.215301 Macroscopic Two-Dimensional Polariton Condensates] is published in Phys. Rev. Lett. (and makes the cover of the journal):<br />
<center>[[File:PRL-coverDario.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 130: Fabrice gives an invited talk at the [http://pcs.ibs.re.kr/PCS_Workshops/PCS_Physics_of_Exciton-Polaritons_in_Artificial_Lattices.html Physics of Exciton-Polaritons in Artificial Lattices Workshop] of the Institute of Basic Science, at the Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Daejeon, South Korea. Camilo gives a contributed talk.<br />
<center>[[File:fabrice-daejeon-2017.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 125: The 2nd edition of [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/microcavities-9780198782995?cc=gb&lang=en& Microcavities] is now available.<br />
<center>[[File:Microcavities.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 123: Fabrice gives a plenary talk at the [http://www.optica.pt/aop2017/ Conference on Applications in Optics and Photonics] (AOP2017), in Faro. Camilo gives a contributed talk.<br />
<center>[[File:Fabrice-Plenary-AOP.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 117: First demonstration, with our [[Experiments with gamma rays|$\gamma$ radiosource]]: [[Inverse Square law with gamma rays, Dudley college (May 2017)|studying the inverse square law with the Dudley college]].<br />
<!--* Day 85: Our web goes live.--><br />
* Day 115: Our contributed talk "N-photon emission from resonance fluorescence" to the 18<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Physics of Light-Matter Coupling in Nanostructures ([https://www2.uni-wuerzburg.de/plmcn18/ PLMCN18]) got upgraded to an Invited Talk.<br />
* Day 113: Our paper "Macroscopic two-dimensional polariton condensates" by Ballarini ''et al.'' is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett.<br />
* Day 104: Updated version of our experiment entangling a polariton with a photon: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.01244v2 arXiv:1609.01244v2].<br />
* Day 95: New Research paper submitted, ''Photon Correlations from the Mollow triplet'': [http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.03220 arXiv:1704.03220]<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photon-correlations-snapshot-apr17.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 87: We made an [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGF_BSlc62w outreach video] for the quickly approaching Physics course. <br />
* Day 82: bits of a [[Fabrice]]'s interview pop up in an article of [[File:Le_Monde.png|100px|link=www.lemonde.fr]].<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:lemonde-march17.png.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 82: First paper published: [http://rdcu.be/qszf A new way to correlate photons] (News & Views in Nature Materials):<br />
<br />
<center>[[File: Nv-nmat-march17.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 80: [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/microcavities-9780198782995?lang=en&cc=de Microcavities]'s 2nd edition has been submitted for production.<br />
* Day 68: Our proposal "quopp" is submitted (QuantERA).<br />
* Day 46: [[Camilo]] joins the group.<br />
* Day 34: Our proposal ȹ is submitted (ERC).<br />
* Day 7: First talk (for the [http://quantumdot.iopconfs.org/home UK Quantum Dot day] of the IOP).<br />
<br />
<center>[[File: Quantum-dot-day-Edinburg2017.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 1 (6th of January): We arrive in [[Wolverhampton]].</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Wolverhampton_Astronomical_Society_(March_2019)&diff=914Wolverhampton Astronomical Society (March 2019)2019-01-30T10:48:24Z<p>Juancamilo: </p>
<hr />
<div>= The Science of Armagedon =<br />
<small>(or back to the [[Physics seminars]] page)</small><br />
<br />
* '''What?''' Popular science seminar by the director of [https://spaceguardcentre.com The Spaceguard Centre].<br />
* '''Who?''' Jonathan Tate.<br />
* '''Where?''' The Hayward Theater, St. Peter's Collegiate School, Compton Park, Compton Road West, Wolverhampton, WV3 3DU. <br />
* '''When?''' Mon 4th Mar, 19:30–21:00.<br />
* '''How?''' All-audience, accessible to non-experts, open to discussions.<br />
<br />
<hr><br />
<br />
<center>[[File:Paul_Pope_lecture_poster_2019.png|link=|400px]]</center></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Wolverhampton_Astronomical_Society_(March_2019)&diff=913Wolverhampton Astronomical Society (March 2019)2019-01-30T10:48:01Z<p>Juancamilo: Created page with "= The Science of Armagedon = <small>(or back to the Physics seminars page)</small> * '''What?''' Popular science seminar by the director of [https://spaceguardcentre.com..."</p>
<hr />
<div>= The Science of Armagedon =<br />
<small>(or back to the [[Physics seminars]] page)</small><br />
<br />
* '''What?''' Popular science seminar by the director of [https://spaceguardcentre.com The Spaceguard Centre].<br />
* '''Who?''' [[Jonathan Tate]]<br />
* '''Where?''' The Hayward Theater, St. Peter's Collegiate School, Compton Park, Compton Road West, Wolverhampton, WV3 3DU. <br />
* '''When?''' Mon 4th Mar, 19:30–21:00<br />
* '''How?''' All-audience, accessible to non-experts, open to discussions.<br />
<br />
<hr><br />
<br />
<center>[[File:Paul_Pope_lecture_poster_2019.png|link=|400px]]</center></div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=File:Paul_Pope_lecture_poster_2019.png&diff=912File:Paul Pope lecture poster 2019.png2019-01-30T10:45:06Z<p>Juancamilo: File uploaded with MsUpload</p>
<hr />
<div>File uploaded with MsUpload</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=Physics_Seminars&diff=911Physics Seminars2019-01-30T10:33:17Z<p>Juancamilo: </p>
<hr />
<div>This is a list of our WLM seminars (in chronological order, last given is last in the list):<br />
<br />
# [[Hancock seminar (March 2018)]] on nanographene.<br />
# [[Petrov seminar (October 2018)]] on squeezed light.<br />
# [[Nobel seminar (October 2018)]] on the Nobel prize of this year.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Wilkinson seminar (December 2018)]] on medical & forensic applications of Physics.<br />
# {{iop}} [[Cross seminar (January 2019)]] on fast cars.<br />
# [[Wolverhampton Astronomical Society (March 2019)]] on the Science of Armagedon. <br />
# {{iop}} [[Newsam seminar (April 2019)]] on Astronomy and Art.</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=News&diff=895News2019-01-08T12:18:19Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Timeline */</p>
<hr />
<div>= News =<br />
<br />
(''News'' that are not new anymore become part of the timeline)<br />
<br />
<!--* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] December 11, We talk about ''Sounds'' at the Christmas Lecture, in the Arena Theatre.--><br />
<!--* [[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]] August 19, '''[[Physics Day]]''' at the [[UoW]]: come and learn about lasers, $\gamma$ rays and technologies of the future, and what the UoW has to offer you in some of the most fascinating aspects of sciences. Everybody welcome.<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] September (2018): Fabrice gets invited to the [https://metanano.ifmo.ru/ METANANO-2018] in Sochi, Russia.--><br />
<br />
= Timeline =<br />
<br />
(We're day {{#expr:(({{#time: U | now }}-{{#time: U | 2017-01-07 }})/(86400) round 0)}} today)<br />
* Day 732 {{day|8|1|2019}}, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aaf68d ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''] is published in ''J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt.''<br />
<center> [[File:foquo-snapshot.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 698 {{day|5|12|2018}}, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aaf68d ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''] has been accepted for publication at ''J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt.''<br />
* Day 686 {{day|23|11|2018}}, Eduardo Zubizarreta joins our group for 10 days.<br />
* Day 680 {{day|17|11|2018}}, We welcome the public at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 670 {{day|7|11|2018}}, {{iop}} Fabrice joins the IOP branch of the West Midlands.<br />
* Day 662 {{day|30|10|2018}}, Guillermo Diaz Camacho integrates our group for two months.<br />
<center>[[File:IMG_20181105_130133550.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 656 {{day|24|10|2018}}, Fabrice gives the [[Nobel_seminar_(October_2018)|3rd]] [[Physics Seminar]].<br />
* Day 649 {{day|17|10|2018}}, Plamen Petrov gives the [[Petrov_seminar_(October_2018)|2nd]] [[Physics Seminar]].<br />
* Day 649 {{day|17|10|2018}}, The University opens a Lecturer position in Condensed Matter.<br />
* Day 648 {{day|16|10|2018}}, Fabrice is appointed external examiner of the Ph.D thesis of [https://scholar.google.dk/citations?user=d_QsZngAAAAJ&hl=en Giuseppe Buonaiuto].<br />
* Day 645 {{day|13|10|2018}}, We speak about [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6otXXet2r0 waves] at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 635 {{day|03|10|2018}}, We now have a [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVYz3Ly1pg5N5oL_w96OUXg YouTube channel].<br />
* Day 635 {{day|03|10|2018}}, We meet teachers and exhibit [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lG7wxGcZ-ns our Physics lab] for the Black Country GCSE science conference in Wolverhampton.<br />
*Day 634 {{day|02|10|2018}}, Our applet on polariton and Jaynes-Cummings Blockade is published as a [http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/PolaritonAndJaynesCummingsBlockade/ Wolfram demonstration].<br />
*Day 632 {{day|30|09|2018}}, [http://camilopez.org/wlmblog/ we now have a blog!]<br />
*Day 626 {{day|24|09|2018}}, We welcome our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists, the Jaynes cohort: welcome to Dilem, Luke, Amin, Govind, Humza, Nathaniel, Praneet, Mitchell, Joel and Dylan.<br />
*Day 621 {{day|19|09|2018}}, Fabrice graduates as the Chair of Light-Matter interactions.<br />
<center>[[File:graduation-ceremony.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
*Day 619 {{day|17|09|2018}}, Camilo joins the group as Teaching Associate (permanent).<br />
*Day 607 {{day|05|09|2018}}, The University opens a Senior Lecturer position in Quantum Physics.<br />
*Day 565, our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.047401 ''Photon-Number-Resolved Measurement of an Exciton-Polariton Condensate''] is published in Phys. Rev. Lett. and is featured in [[File:physicsAPS.png|42px|link=https://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.047401]].<br />
*Day 550, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2058-9565/aacfbe ''Joint subnatural-linewidth and single-photon emission from resonance fluorescence''] is published in Quantum Science and Technology.<br />
<center> [[File:sublime-snapshot.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 535, New reseach sibmitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.08774 ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''].<br />
*Day 521, We speak about our research at the "Annual Research Conference" at The University of Wolverhampton. <br />
<center> [[File:Camilo-ARC2018.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 497, We explore Research collaborations on "Quantum Biology" with colleagues from the Biology department.<br />
* Day 496, Andrew coordinates the school of mathematics and computer science final year project poster exhibition.<br />
<center>[[File:Andrew-Poster-May18.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 494, We explore Research collaborations on "Quantum Engineering of Light" with colleagues from the Engineering School.<br />
*Day 487, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.02959 ''Photon number-resolved measurement of an exciton-polariton condensate''].<br />
*Day 482, our paper [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-24975-y ''Frequency-resolved Monte Carlo''] is published in Scientific Reports.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-sci-rep-fremoc.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 470, We participate in the University's Open Day, talking about the polarization of light. <br />
*Day 469, our paper [http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/4/eaao6814 ''First observation of the quantized exciton-polariton field and effect of interactions on a single polariton''] is published in Science Advances.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-sci-adv.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 403, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04771 ''Joint subnatural-linewidth and single-photon emission from resonance fluorescence''].<br />
*Day 403, we submit a popular science paper about [https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04540 ''Photon correlations in both time and frequency''] to [https://quantum-journal.org/leaps/ Quantum Leaps].<br />
*Day 374, New research available: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.04779 ''Negative-mass effects in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates''].<br />
*Day 367, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.02580 ''Ultrafast topology shaping by a Rabi-oscillating vortex''].<br />
*Day 367, our paper [https://www.osapublishing.org/optica/abstract.cfm?uri=optica-5-1-14 ''Filtering multiphoton emission from state-of-the-art cavity quantum electrodynamics''] is published in Optica.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-optica-2018.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 343, We host our first poster session, on Optics, with Chloë (burning lenses), Jac (camera obscura), Robert (polarisation) and Stephanie (width of a hair) presenting their work to a large panel.<br />
<center>[[File:posters-hb2017-12-14 14.16.02.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 332, ''Topological order and thermal equilibrium in polariton condensates'' is published in Nature Materials, [https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat5039 doi:10.1038/nmat5039]<br />
* Day 316, We participate to the University's [[Open_Days#18_November_2017|Open Day]], talking about Colours and showing how they mix.<br />
* Day 299, We welcome IOP Education Dept. members from the Midlands areas and introduce them to our course of Physics.<br />
* Day 297, Fabrice [https://twitter.com/WLVsci_eng/status/925120087790686209 talks about spoons] at the Bright Club in Wolverhampton, Arena Theatre.<br />
<center>[[File:spoon-brightclub2017.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 283, Fabrice gives a talk on "Differences and similarities between classical and quantum processing units" at the University of Southampton.<br />
* Day 275, We participate to the [[World Space Week]] and launch a rocket.<br />
* Day 262, We start the first '''[[Physics course]]''' at the [[UoW]], with 6 students ([[Hanbury_Brown_cohort|Chloe, Jac, Jamie, Robert, Ryan & Stephanie]]).<br />
* Day 256, our paper ''Kinetic Monte Carlo approach to nonequilibrium bosonic systems'' by T. Liew ''et al.'' is published as [https://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.125423 Phys. Rev. B '''96''', 125423 (2017)].<br />
* Day 252, our Wolfram demonstration ''Dispersion Properties of a Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate'' is available online ([http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/DispersionPropertiesOfASpinOrbitCoupledBoseEinsteinCondensat/ play with it here]).<br />
* Day 251, our paper ''Topological order and equilibrium in a condensate of exciton-polaritons'' is accepted for publication in Nature Materials.<br />
* Day 243, our paper ''Kinetic Monte Carlo approach to nonequilibrium bosonic systems'' by T. Liew ''et al.'' is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B.<br />
* Day 235, Fabrice gives a one hour tutorial at the [https://www.nano-initiative-munich.de/events/nim-conference-on-resonator-qed-2017/ Resonator QED conference], 31 August-1 September, in Munich, Germany (and chairs the closing session).<br />
* Day 207, Our paper ''[https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201700090 Photon Correlations from the Mollow Triplet]'' is published in Laser & Photonics Review.<br />
<center>[[File:photco-cover-aug17.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 202: [http://www.ogdentrust.com/ Ogden trust]'s CEO, Clare Harvey, visits us to tread the grounds of the future playgrounds of Physics in Wolverhampton.<br />
* Day 200: Mariam and Anji join the group (with support from the [http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/ Nuffield Foundation]) to work on the characterisation of quantum sources of light from their photon emission:<br />
<center>[[File:mariam-anji-26jul2017.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 193: Fabrice gives an invited talk at the [http://light-conference.csp.escience.cn/ Light Conference 2017] in Changchun, China.<br />
* Day 192: Fabrice wins the Best Reader travel award from the Light: Science & Applications journal of the Nature publishing group.<br />
* Day 187: New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.03690 Filtering Multiphoton Emission from State-of-the-Art Cavity QED].<br />
* Day 184: Fabrice attends the [https://www2.uni-wuerzburg.de/plmcn18/ PLMCN18] in Würzburg, Germany, with an invited talk and session chairing:<br />
<center>[[File:fabrice-plmcn18.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 174: Our paper ''Photon Correlations from the Mollow Triplet'' is accepted for publication in Laser & Photonics Reviews.<br />
* Day 172: Our paper ''[http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4987023 Structure of the harmonic oscillator in the space of n-particle Glauber correlators]'' is published in the Journal of Mathematical Physics, '''58''', 062109 (2017).<br />
<center>[[File:zubizarrettacasalengua17a-cover.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 154: [http://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/105743_en.html POLAFLOW] is transferred to the UoW, with a dotation of 29,373.29€.<br />
* Day 152: Camilo arrives to Daniele Sanvitto's [http://polaritonics.weebly.com advanced photonics lab] in Lecce, Italy, to closely collaborate with our experimental colleagues.<br />
<center>[[File:Camilo-in-Lecce.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 151: Our paper ''Structure of the Harmonic Oscillator in the space of $n$-particle Glauber correlators'' is accepted for publication in the Journal of Mathematical Physics.<br />
* Day 145: New research paper submitted, "''Frequency-resolved Monte Carlo''": [https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.10978 arXiv:1705.10978].<br />
<center>[[File:ArXiv-1705.10978.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 140: Our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.215301 Macroscopic Two-Dimensional Polariton Condensates] is published in Phys. Rev. Lett. (and makes the cover of the journal):<br />
<center>[[File:PRL-coverDario.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 130: Fabrice gives an invited talk at the [http://pcs.ibs.re.kr/PCS_Workshops/PCS_Physics_of_Exciton-Polaritons_in_Artificial_Lattices.html Physics of Exciton-Polaritons in Artificial Lattices Workshop] of the Institute of Basic Science, at the Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Daejeon, South Korea. Camilo gives a contributed talk.<br />
<center>[[File:fabrice-daejeon-2017.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 125: The 2nd edition of [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/microcavities-9780198782995?cc=gb&lang=en& Microcavities] is now available.<br />
<center>[[File:Microcavities.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 123: Fabrice gives a plenary talk at the [http://www.optica.pt/aop2017/ Conference on Applications in Optics and Photonics] (AOP2017), in Faro. Camilo gives a contributed talk.<br />
<center>[[File:Fabrice-Plenary-AOP.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 117: First demonstration, with our [[Experiments with gamma rays|$\gamma$ radiosource]]: [[Inverse Square law with gamma rays, Dudley college (May 2017)|studying the inverse square law with the Dudley college]].<br />
<!--* Day 85: Our web goes live.--><br />
* Day 115: Our contributed talk "N-photon emission from resonance fluorescence" to the 18<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Physics of Light-Matter Coupling in Nanostructures ([https://www2.uni-wuerzburg.de/plmcn18/ PLMCN18]) got upgraded to an Invited Talk.<br />
* Day 113: Our paper "Macroscopic two-dimensional polariton condensates" by Ballarini ''et al.'' is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett.<br />
* Day 104: Updated version of our experiment entangling a polariton with a photon: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.01244v2 arXiv:1609.01244v2].<br />
* Day 95: New Research paper submitted, ''Photon Correlations from the Mollow triplet'': [http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.03220 arXiv:1704.03220]<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photon-correlations-snapshot-apr17.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 87: We made an [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGF_BSlc62w outreach video] for the quickly approaching Physics course. <br />
* Day 82: bits of a [[Fabrice]]'s interview pop up in an article of [[File:Le_Monde.png|100px|link=www.lemonde.fr]].<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:lemonde-march17.png.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 82: First paper published: [http://rdcu.be/qszf A new way to correlate photons] (News & Views in Nature Materials):<br />
<br />
<center>[[File: Nv-nmat-march17.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 80: [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/microcavities-9780198782995?lang=en&cc=de Microcavities]'s 2nd edition has been submitted for production.<br />
* Day 68: Our proposal "quopp" is submitted (QuantERA).<br />
* Day 46: [[Camilo]] joins the group.<br />
* Day 34: Our proposal ȹ is submitted (ERC).<br />
* Day 7: First talk (for the [http://quantumdot.iopconfs.org/home UK Quantum Dot day] of the IOP).<br />
<br />
<center>[[File: Quantum-dot-day-Edinburg2017.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 1 (6th of January): We arrive in [[Wolverhampton]].</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=File:Foquo-snapshot.png&diff=894File:Foquo-snapshot.png2019-01-08T12:17:48Z<p>Juancamilo: File uploaded with MsUpload</p>
<hr />
<div>File uploaded with MsUpload</div>Juancamilohttp://camilopez.org/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/index.php?title=News&diff=893News2019-01-08T12:16:47Z<p>Juancamilo: /* Timeline */</p>
<hr />
<div>= News =<br />
<br />
(''News'' that are not new anymore become part of the timeline)<br />
<br />
<!--* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] December 11, We talk about ''Sounds'' at the Christmas Lecture, in the Arena Theatre.--><br />
<!--* [[File:newave.gif|link=]][[File:newave.gif|link=]] August 19, '''[[Physics Day]]''' at the [[UoW]]: come and learn about lasers, $\gamma$ rays and technologies of the future, and what the UoW has to offer you in some of the most fascinating aspects of sciences. Everybody welcome.<br />
* [[File:newave.gif|link=]] September (2018): Fabrice gets invited to the [https://metanano.ifmo.ru/ METANANO-2018] in Sochi, Russia.--><br />
<br />
= Timeline =<br />
<br />
(We're day {{#expr:(({{#time: U | now }}-{{#time: U | 2017-01-07 }})/(86400) round 0)}} today)<br />
* Day 732 {{day|8|1|2019}}, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aaf68d ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''] has been published. <br />
* Day 698 {{day|5|12|2018}}, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aaf68d ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''] has been accepted for publication at ''J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt.''<br />
* Day 686 {{day|23|11|2018}}, Eduardo Zubizarreta joins our group for 10 days.<br />
* Day 680 {{day|17|11|2018}}, We welcome the public at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 670 {{day|7|11|2018}}, {{iop}} Fabrice joins the IOP branch of the West Midlands.<br />
* Day 662 {{day|30|10|2018}}, Guillermo Diaz Camacho integrates our group for two months.<br />
<center>[[File:IMG_20181105_130133550.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 656 {{day|24|10|2018}}, Fabrice gives the [[Nobel_seminar_(October_2018)|3rd]] [[Physics Seminar]].<br />
* Day 649 {{day|17|10|2018}}, Plamen Petrov gives the [[Petrov_seminar_(October_2018)|2nd]] [[Physics Seminar]].<br />
* Day 649 {{day|17|10|2018}}, The University opens a Lecturer position in Condensed Matter.<br />
* Day 648 {{day|16|10|2018}}, Fabrice is appointed external examiner of the Ph.D thesis of [https://scholar.google.dk/citations?user=d_QsZngAAAAJ&hl=en Giuseppe Buonaiuto].<br />
* Day 645 {{day|13|10|2018}}, We speak about [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6otXXet2r0 waves] at the University Open Day.<br />
* Day 635 {{day|03|10|2018}}, We now have a [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVYz3Ly1pg5N5oL_w96OUXg YouTube channel].<br />
* Day 635 {{day|03|10|2018}}, We meet teachers and exhibit [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lG7wxGcZ-ns our Physics lab] for the Black Country GCSE science conference in Wolverhampton.<br />
*Day 634 {{day|02|10|2018}}, Our applet on polariton and Jaynes-Cummings Blockade is published as a [http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/PolaritonAndJaynesCummingsBlockade/ Wolfram demonstration].<br />
*Day 632 {{day|30|09|2018}}, [http://camilopez.org/wlmblog/ we now have a blog!]<br />
*Day 626 {{day|24|09|2018}}, We welcome our second generation of Wulfrunian physicists, the Jaynes cohort: welcome to Dilem, Luke, Amin, Govind, Humza, Nathaniel, Praneet, Mitchell, Joel and Dylan.<br />
*Day 621 {{day|19|09|2018}}, Fabrice graduates as the Chair of Light-Matter interactions.<br />
<center>[[File:graduation-ceremony.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
*Day 619 {{day|17|09|2018}}, Camilo joins the group as Teaching Associate (permanent).<br />
*Day 607 {{day|05|09|2018}}, The University opens a Senior Lecturer position in Quantum Physics.<br />
*Day 565, our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.047401 ''Photon-Number-Resolved Measurement of an Exciton-Polariton Condensate''] is published in Phys. Rev. Lett. and is featured in [[File:physicsAPS.png|42px|link=https://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.047401]].<br />
*Day 550, our paper [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2058-9565/aacfbe ''Joint subnatural-linewidth and single-photon emission from resonance fluorescence''] is published in Quantum Science and Technology.<br />
<center> [[File:sublime-snapshot.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 535, New reseach sibmitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.08774 ''Impact of detuning and dephasing on a laser-corrected subnatural-linewidth single-photon source''].<br />
*Day 521, We speak about our research at the "Annual Research Conference" at The University of Wolverhampton. <br />
<center> [[File:Camilo-ARC2018.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 497, We explore Research collaborations on "Quantum Biology" with colleagues from the Biology department.<br />
* Day 496, Andrew coordinates the school of mathematics and computer science final year project poster exhibition.<br />
<center>[[File:Andrew-Poster-May18.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 494, We explore Research collaborations on "Quantum Engineering of Light" with colleagues from the Engineering School.<br />
*Day 487, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.02959 ''Photon number-resolved measurement of an exciton-polariton condensate''].<br />
*Day 482, our paper [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-24975-y ''Frequency-resolved Monte Carlo''] is published in Scientific Reports.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-sci-rep-fremoc.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 470, We participate in the University's Open Day, talking about the polarization of light. <br />
*Day 469, our paper [http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/4/eaao6814 ''First observation of the quantized exciton-polariton field and effect of interactions on a single polariton''] is published in Science Advances.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-sci-adv.png|200px]]</center><br />
*Day 403, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04771 ''Joint subnatural-linewidth and single-photon emission from resonance fluorescence''].<br />
*Day 403, we submit a popular science paper about [https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04540 ''Photon correlations in both time and frequency''] to [https://quantum-journal.org/leaps/ Quantum Leaps].<br />
*Day 374, New research available: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.04779 ''Negative-mass effects in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates''].<br />
*Day 367, New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.02580 ''Ultrafast topology shaping by a Rabi-oscillating vortex''].<br />
*Day 367, our paper [https://www.osapublishing.org/optica/abstract.cfm?uri=optica-5-1-14 ''Filtering multiphoton emission from state-of-the-art cavity quantum electrodynamics''] is published in Optica.<br />
<center>[[File:cover-optica-2018.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 343, We host our first poster session, on Optics, with Chloë (burning lenses), Jac (camera obscura), Robert (polarisation) and Stephanie (width of a hair) presenting their work to a large panel.<br />
<center>[[File:posters-hb2017-12-14 14.16.02.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 332, ''Topological order and thermal equilibrium in polariton condensates'' is published in Nature Materials, [https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat5039 doi:10.1038/nmat5039]<br />
* Day 316, We participate to the University's [[Open_Days#18_November_2017|Open Day]], talking about Colours and showing how they mix.<br />
* Day 299, We welcome IOP Education Dept. members from the Midlands areas and introduce them to our course of Physics.<br />
* Day 297, Fabrice [https://twitter.com/WLVsci_eng/status/925120087790686209 talks about spoons] at the Bright Club in Wolverhampton, Arena Theatre.<br />
<center>[[File:spoon-brightclub2017.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 283, Fabrice gives a talk on "Differences and similarities between classical and quantum processing units" at the University of Southampton.<br />
* Day 275, We participate to the [[World Space Week]] and launch a rocket.<br />
* Day 262, We start the first '''[[Physics course]]''' at the [[UoW]], with 6 students ([[Hanbury_Brown_cohort|Chloe, Jac, Jamie, Robert, Ryan & Stephanie]]).<br />
* Day 256, our paper ''Kinetic Monte Carlo approach to nonequilibrium bosonic systems'' by T. Liew ''et al.'' is published as [https://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.125423 Phys. Rev. B '''96''', 125423 (2017)].<br />
* Day 252, our Wolfram demonstration ''Dispersion Properties of a Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate'' is available online ([http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/DispersionPropertiesOfASpinOrbitCoupledBoseEinsteinCondensat/ play with it here]).<br />
* Day 251, our paper ''Topological order and equilibrium in a condensate of exciton-polaritons'' is accepted for publication in Nature Materials.<br />
* Day 243, our paper ''Kinetic Monte Carlo approach to nonequilibrium bosonic systems'' by T. Liew ''et al.'' is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B.<br />
* Day 235, Fabrice gives a one hour tutorial at the [https://www.nano-initiative-munich.de/events/nim-conference-on-resonator-qed-2017/ Resonator QED conference], 31 August-1 September, in Munich, Germany (and chairs the closing session).<br />
* Day 207, Our paper ''[https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201700090 Photon Correlations from the Mollow Triplet]'' is published in Laser & Photonics Review.<br />
<center>[[File:photco-cover-aug17.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 202: [http://www.ogdentrust.com/ Ogden trust]'s CEO, Clare Harvey, visits us to tread the grounds of the future playgrounds of Physics in Wolverhampton.<br />
* Day 200: Mariam and Anji join the group (with support from the [http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/ Nuffield Foundation]) to work on the characterisation of quantum sources of light from their photon emission:<br />
<center>[[File:mariam-anji-26jul2017.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 193: Fabrice gives an invited talk at the [http://light-conference.csp.escience.cn/ Light Conference 2017] in Changchun, China.<br />
* Day 192: Fabrice wins the Best Reader travel award from the Light: Science & Applications journal of the Nature publishing group.<br />
* Day 187: New research submitted: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.03690 Filtering Multiphoton Emission from State-of-the-Art Cavity QED].<br />
* Day 184: Fabrice attends the [https://www2.uni-wuerzburg.de/plmcn18/ PLMCN18] in Würzburg, Germany, with an invited talk and session chairing:<br />
<center>[[File:fabrice-plmcn18.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 174: Our paper ''Photon Correlations from the Mollow Triplet'' is accepted for publication in Laser & Photonics Reviews.<br />
* Day 172: Our paper ''[http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4987023 Structure of the harmonic oscillator in the space of n-particle Glauber correlators]'' is published in the Journal of Mathematical Physics, '''58''', 062109 (2017).<br />
<center>[[File:zubizarrettacasalengua17a-cover.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 154: [http://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/105743_en.html POLAFLOW] is transferred to the UoW, with a dotation of 29,373.29€.<br />
* Day 152: Camilo arrives to Daniele Sanvitto's [http://polaritonics.weebly.com advanced photonics lab] in Lecce, Italy, to closely collaborate with our experimental colleagues.<br />
<center>[[File:Camilo-in-Lecce.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 151: Our paper ''Structure of the Harmonic Oscillator in the space of $n$-particle Glauber correlators'' is accepted for publication in the Journal of Mathematical Physics.<br />
* Day 145: New research paper submitted, "''Frequency-resolved Monte Carlo''": [https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.10978 arXiv:1705.10978].<br />
<center>[[File:ArXiv-1705.10978.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 140: Our paper [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.215301 Macroscopic Two-Dimensional Polariton Condensates] is published in Phys. Rev. Lett. (and makes the cover of the journal):<br />
<center>[[File:PRL-coverDario.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 130: Fabrice gives an invited talk at the [http://pcs.ibs.re.kr/PCS_Workshops/PCS_Physics_of_Exciton-Polaritons_in_Artificial_Lattices.html Physics of Exciton-Polaritons in Artificial Lattices Workshop] of the Institute of Basic Science, at the Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Daejeon, South Korea. Camilo gives a contributed talk.<br />
<center>[[File:fabrice-daejeon-2017.png|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 125: The 2nd edition of [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/microcavities-9780198782995?cc=gb&lang=en& Microcavities] is now available.<br />
<center>[[File:Microcavities.png|200px]]</center><br />
* Day 123: Fabrice gives a plenary talk at the [http://www.optica.pt/aop2017/ Conference on Applications in Optics and Photonics] (AOP2017), in Faro. Camilo gives a contributed talk.<br />
<center>[[File:Fabrice-Plenary-AOP.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
* Day 117: First demonstration, with our [[Experiments with gamma rays|$\gamma$ radiosource]]: [[Inverse Square law with gamma rays, Dudley college (May 2017)|studying the inverse square law with the Dudley college]].<br />
<!--* Day 85: Our web goes live.--><br />
* Day 115: Our contributed talk "N-photon emission from resonance fluorescence" to the 18<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Physics of Light-Matter Coupling in Nanostructures ([https://www2.uni-wuerzburg.de/plmcn18/ PLMCN18]) got upgraded to an Invited Talk.<br />
* Day 113: Our paper "Macroscopic two-dimensional polariton condensates" by Ballarini ''et al.'' is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett.<br />
* Day 104: Updated version of our experiment entangling a polariton with a photon: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.01244v2 arXiv:1609.01244v2].<br />
* Day 95: New Research paper submitted, ''Photon Correlations from the Mollow triplet'': [http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.03220 arXiv:1704.03220]<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:photon-correlations-snapshot-apr17.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 87: We made an [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGF_BSlc62w outreach video] for the quickly approaching Physics course. <br />
* Day 82: bits of a [[Fabrice]]'s interview pop up in an article of [[File:Le_Monde.png|100px|link=www.lemonde.fr]].<br />
<br />
<center>[[File:lemonde-march17.png.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 82: First paper published: [http://rdcu.be/qszf A new way to correlate photons] (News & Views in Nature Materials):<br />
<br />
<center>[[File: Nv-nmat-march17.png|200px]]</center><br />
<br />
* Day 80: [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/microcavities-9780198782995?lang=en&cc=de Microcavities]'s 2nd edition has been submitted for production.<br />
* Day 68: Our proposal "quopp" is submitted (QuantERA).<br />
* Day 46: [[Camilo]] joins the group.<br />
* Day 34: Our proposal ȹ is submitted (ERC).<br />
* Day 7: First talk (for the [http://quantumdot.iopconfs.org/home UK Quantum Dot day] of the IOP).<br />
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* Day 1 (6th of January): We arrive in [[Wolverhampton]].</div>Juancamilo Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home3/camilope/public_html/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/extensions/HeadScript/HeadScript.php:3) in /home3/camilope/public_html/mediawiki-1.31.1-wlv/includes/WebResponse.php on line 46